US2376005A - Photographic emulsion and process of making same - Google Patents
Photographic emulsion and process of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2376005A US2376005A US482604A US48260443A US2376005A US 2376005 A US2376005 A US 2376005A US 482604 A US482604 A US 482604A US 48260443 A US48260443 A US 48260443A US 2376005 A US2376005 A US 2376005A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- emulsion
- layer
- water
- photographic
- gelatin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 10
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 18
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 18
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 13
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 9
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- KQNZLOUWXSAZGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylperoxymethylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COOCC1=CC=CC=C1 KQNZLOUWXSAZGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940095098 glycol oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002198 insoluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000693 micelle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
- G03C1/053—Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
Definitions
- This invention relates to a photographic emulsion and process of making the same, and has for its purpose to produce a silver halide gelatin emulsion that can be made into a photographic layer having greater flexibility than when made from emulsions as heretofore produced, and as to which the finished image, or the layer after exposure and processing, is characterized by less brittleness than layers made from emulsions according to old methods.
- the invention has for its object to provide a photographic emulsion with a plasticizing agent that is insoluble in water or photographic processing solutions and which does not aiiect the photographic quality of the emulsion or the appearance of the finished image.
- Various materials such as glycerine, starch syrup, and sulfonated castor oil have been used in photographic emulsions to prevent excessive brittleness of the layers upon drying, and while these materials are partially effective in causing flexibility of the layer prior to the photographic processing operations, they are water-soluble and therefore have no eflect on the brittleness of the finished image or the layer after processing.
- Some water-insoluble materials of a waxy nature such as the metal salts of sulfonated castor oil have been used for retaining flexibility of the layer after processing and do not wash out dur- 1 ing the processing operations, but these materials impart a dull matte-like lustre or greasy appearance to the surface of the layer or image and are therefore seriously objectionable.
- Still another object of the invention is to produce photographic layers of greater flexibility than heretofore b an improved method which includes incorporating in the emulsion a colloidal dispersion of material that is insoluble in water and photographic processing solutions, that is e"si1y dispersed in water by means of a suitable dispersing agent. and that when undispersed has the character of a soft, gel-like solid at normal room temperature.
- colloidal water dispersion must be compatible with the gelatin solutions used in the production of light-sensitive silver halide emulsions, is preferabl stable over a pH range from four to eight, and must, not affect the photographic quality of the emulsion or the appearance of the finished image or layer.
- Such a colloidal dispersion may be incorporated in a gelatin emulsion in an amount of the undispersed gel-like material of from five to one hundred per cent by weight oi the gelatin or other silver halide ibinding agent in the emulsion.
- Example I To 1 liter of a silver halide emulsion containing 100 grams of gelatin there is added, preferably just prior to-coating on the support, or at some other stage of its manufacture,,50 cc. of a colloidal water dispersion of the ethyl ester of acrylic acid polymerized to a state when undispersed of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature.
- Such a dispersion may be formed by dispersing the ester in monomeric form in water with a dispersing agent such for instance as one from.
- the particle size of the colloidal dispersion may be further reduced by homogenizing the water dispersion of the monomeric ester before adding the catalyst.
- Example I To 1 liter of silver halide gelatin emulsion there is added, preferably just prior to coating on the support, or at an earlier stage in its manufacture, 50 cc. of a 50% colloidal water dispersion of polyvinyl acetate which has been polymerized to a state when undispersed of a soft gel like solid at normal room temperature.
- the colloidal dispersion may be formed and polymerization effected in substantially the same manner as in Example I.
- Example III To 1 liter of a silver halide emulsion containing 100 grams of gelatin there is added, preferably just prior to coating, or at an earlier stage in its manufacture, 100 ml. of a 10% colloidal water dispersion of a gel-like material formed by mixing 33 grams of ethyl cellulose with 66 grams of diethylene glycol oleate, heating the mixture to a temperature of from 120 C. to 150 C., and cooling.
- the colloidal water dispersion can be formed by dissolving the gel-like material formed as described in 100 ml. of butyl acetate, warming to approximately 75 C., and adding during rapid agitation 800 ml. of water containing a dispersing agent such as sulfonated oleyl alcohol in an amount of .5% to 1% of the total weight of material being dispersed.
- a dispersing agent such as sulfonated oleyl alcohol
- the process of flexibilizing a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer which includes first making a water dispersion of the monomer of a water-insoluble synthetic resin selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, thereafter polymerizing the resin until it is in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, and incorporating a colloidal dispersion of said soft gel-like solid material in the emulsion in an amount of soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion to impart flexibility to the layer.
- a water dispersion of the monomer of a water-insoluble synthetic resin selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate thereafter polymerizing the resin until it is in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, and incorporating a colloidal dispersion of said soft gel-like solid material in the emulsion in an amount of soft gel-like solid material constituting 5%
- the process of flexibilizing a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer which includes first making a water dispersion of monomeric acrylic acid ethyl ester, thereafter polymerizing the ethyl acrylate until it is in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, and incorporating a colloidal dispersion of said soft gel-like solid material in the emulsion in an amount of soft gellike solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion to impart flexibility to the layer.
- the process of flexibilizing a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer which includes first making a water dispersion ofv monomeric vinyl acetate, thereafter polymerizing the vinyl acetate until it is in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, and incorporating a colloidal dispersion of said soft gel-like solid material in the emulsion in an amount of soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of thegelatin in the emulsion to impart flexibility to the layer.
- a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer containing a colloidal dispersion of a water-insoluble synthetic resin in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature.
- said resin being selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate and polymerized while dispersed in liquid form in water, the said soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion and acting to impart flexibility to the layer.
- a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer containing a colloidal dispersion of ethyl acrylate in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, said ethyl acrylate being polymerized while dispersed in liquid form in water and the said soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion and acting to impart flexibility to the layer.
- a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer containing a colloidal dispersion of polyvinyl acetate in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, said polyvinyl acetate being polymerized while dispersed in liquid form in water and the said soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion and acting to impart flexibility to the layer.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Description
Patented May 15, 1945 2,378,005 PHOTOGRAPH) EMULSION AND PROCESS OF MARIN Rowland 8.
Potter, Brightiord Heights, and Robert F. Brown. Rochester, N. Y., assi fender Photo Supply 00., Inc., Rochester, N.
SAME
gnora to Dea corporation of New York No Drawing. Application April 10,1949
. Serial No. 482,604
'6 Claims.
This invention relates to a photographic emulsion and process of making the same, and has for its purpose to produce a silver halide gelatin emulsion that can be made into a photographic layer having greater flexibility than when made from emulsions as heretofore produced, and as to which the finished image, or the layer after exposure and processing, is characterized by less brittleness than layers made from emulsions according to old methods.
In a more particular aspect, the invention has for its object to provide a photographic emulsion with a plasticizing agent that is insoluble in water or photographic processing solutions and which does not aiiect the photographic quality of the emulsion or the appearance of the finished image.
Various materials such as glycerine, starch syrup, and sulfonated castor oil have been used in photographic emulsions to prevent excessive brittleness of the layers upon drying, and while these materials are partially effective in causing flexibility of the layer prior to the photographic processing operations, they are water-soluble and therefore have no eflect on the brittleness of the finished image or the layer after processing. Some water-insoluble materials of a waxy nature such as the metal salts of sulfonated castor oil have been used for retaining flexibility of the layer after processing and do not wash out dur- 1 ing the processing operations, but these materials impart a dull matte-like lustre or greasy appearance to the surface of the layer or image and are therefore seriously objectionable.
It is a further purpose of the invention to afford an mulsion from which can be produced a photographic layer not open to any of the above stated objections, which has greater flexibility before and less brittleness after processing the layer, and in which the flexibility factor before processing is substantially constant and not subject to variations under changing atmospheric conditions.
Still another object of the invention is to produce photographic layers of greater flexibility than heretofore b an improved method which includes incorporating in the emulsion a colloidal dispersion of material that is insoluble in water and photographic processing solutions, that is e"si1y dispersed in water by means of a suitable dispersing agent. and that when undispersed has the character of a soft, gel-like solid at normal room temperature. Such colloidal water dispersionmust be compatible with the gelatin solutions used in the production of light-sensitive silver halide emulsions, is preferabl stable over a pH range from four to eight, and must, not affect the photographic quality of the emulsion or the appearance of the finished image or layer.
The flexibility of such a photographic layer before processing can be increased and the brittleness of the layer after processing reduced by the utilization of such water-insoluble gel-like solid in a colloidal dispersion which is incorporated in the emulsion at any stage of its production, although it has been ascertained that excellent results are had by adding the colloidal dispersion to the molten emulsion as one of the final additions immediately prior to coating on the support.
It has also been discovered that the best results are attained, giving maximum flexibility without a matted appearance in the dried emulsion layer, by having the particle size of the colloidal dispersion approach the magnitude of the micelle structure of the binding agent for the emulsion, and thus act as an internal plasticizer which increases the flexibility of the coated light-sensitive layer when dried.
Such a colloidal dispersion may be incorporated in a gelatin emulsion in an amount of the undispersed gel-like material of from five to one hundred per cent by weight oi the gelatin or other silver halide ibinding agent in the emulsion.
The invention may be carried out in various ways and is illustrated by the following examples:
Example I To 1 liter of a silver halide emulsion containing 100 grams of gelatin there is added, preferably just prior to-coating on the support, or at some other stage of its manufacture,,50 cc. of a colloidal water dispersion of the ethyl ester of acrylic acid polymerized to a state when undispersed of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature.
Such a dispersion may be formed by dispersing the ester in monomeric form in water with a dispersing agent such for instance as one from.
the class consisting of quaternary ammonium compounds, or one from the class consisting of sulfonated aliphatic alcohols, and a catalyst such as hydrogen or benzyl peroxide, and heating with agitation under a reflux condenser until polymerization is completed.
. The particle size of the colloidal dispersion may be further reduced by homogenizing the water dispersion of the monomeric ester before adding the catalyst.
Example I] To 1 liter of silver halide gelatin emulsion there is added, preferably just prior to coating on the support, or at an earlier stage in its manufacture, 50 cc. of a 50% colloidal water dispersion of polyvinyl acetate which has been polymerized to a state when undispersed of a soft gel like solid at normal room temperature. The colloidal dispersion may be formed and polymerization effected in substantially the same manner as in Example I.
Example III To 1 liter of a silver halide emulsion containing 100 grams of gelatin there is added, preferably just prior to coating, or at an earlier stage in its manufacture, 100 ml. of a 10% colloidal water dispersion of a gel-like material formed by mixing 33 grams of ethyl cellulose with 66 grams of diethylene glycol oleate, heating the mixture to a temperature of from 120 C. to 150 C., and cooling.
The colloidal water dispersion can be formed by dissolving the gel-like material formed as described in 100 ml. of butyl acetate, warming to approximately 75 C., and adding during rapid agitation 800 ml. of water containing a dispersing agent such as sulfonated oleyl alcohol in an amount of .5% to 1% of the total weight of material being dispersed. The size of the dispersed particles can be still further reduced by homoenization in a colloid mill.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain specific examples and procedure, it is not confined to the precise embodiments herein set forth, and this application is intended to cover such modifications, departures, or other materials or processes as may come within the purposes of the invention and the scope of the following claims.
We claim:
1. The process of flexibilizing a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer which includes first making a water dispersion of the monomer of a water-insoluble synthetic resin selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, thereafter polymerizing the resin until it is in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, and incorporating a colloidal dispersion of said soft gel-like solid material in the emulsion in an amount of soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion to impart flexibility to the layer.
2. The process of flexibilizing a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer which includes first making a water dispersion of monomeric acrylic acid ethyl ester, thereafter polymerizing the ethyl acrylate until it is in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, and incorporating a colloidal dispersion of said soft gel-like solid material in the emulsion in an amount of soft gellike solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion to impart flexibility to the layer.
3. The process of flexibilizing a light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer which includes first making a water dispersion ofv monomeric vinyl acetate, thereafter polymerizing the vinyl acetate until it is in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, and incorporating a colloidal dispersion of said soft gel-like solid material in the emulsion in an amount of soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of thegelatin in the emulsion to impart flexibility to the layer.
4. A light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer containing a colloidal dispersion of a water-insoluble synthetic resin in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature. said resin being selected from the group consisting of ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate and polymerized while dispersed in liquid form in water, the said soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion and acting to impart flexibility to the layer.
' 5. A light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer containing a colloidal dispersion of ethyl acrylate in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, said ethyl acrylate being polymerized while dispersed in liquid form in water and the said soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion and acting to impart flexibility to the layer.
6. A light-sensitive silver halide gelatin emulsion photographic layer containing a colloidal dispersion of polyvinyl acetate in the form of a soft gel-like solid at normal room temperature, said polyvinyl acetate being polymerized while dispersed in liquid form in water and the said soft gel-like solid material constituting 5% to 100% by weight of the gelatin in the emulsion and acting to impart flexibility to the layer.
ROWLAND S. POTTER. ROBERT F. BROWN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US482604A US2376005A (en) | 1943-04-10 | 1943-04-10 | Photographic emulsion and process of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US482604A US2376005A (en) | 1943-04-10 | 1943-04-10 | Photographic emulsion and process of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2376005A true US2376005A (en) | 1945-05-15 |
Family
ID=23916722
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US482604A Expired - Lifetime US2376005A (en) | 1943-04-10 | 1943-04-10 | Photographic emulsion and process of making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2376005A (en) |
Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2500028A (en) * | 1948-07-09 | 1950-03-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Fine-grained bichromate sensitized photographic material |
| US2544877A (en) * | 1947-05-03 | 1951-03-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Bichromate sensitized photographic materials |
| US2772163A (en) * | 1953-04-17 | 1956-11-27 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsions containing couplers and hydrosols |
| US2822271A (en) * | 1953-10-19 | 1958-02-04 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Photosensitive material |
| US2835582A (en) * | 1954-02-03 | 1958-05-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin-polymeric hydrosol mixtures and photographic articles prepared therefrom |
| US2937088A (en) * | 1958-01-13 | 1960-05-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Diethylene glycol mixed esters |
| US2940854A (en) * | 1956-08-16 | 1960-06-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin silver halide emulsion plasticized with dicarboxylic acid esters |
| US3142568A (en) * | 1961-03-13 | 1964-07-28 | Du Pont | Photographic emulsions, elements, and processes |
| US3867154A (en) * | 1973-07-23 | 1975-02-18 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Desalination of silver halide photographic emulsions utilizing sulfated polyvinyl alcohol |
| US4357419A (en) * | 1981-04-02 | 1982-11-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Covering power in films |
| EP0209118A2 (en) | 1985-07-17 | 1987-01-21 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide photographic material |
| EP0228084A2 (en) | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Image forming process |
| US5298362A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1994-03-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic high-contrast silver halide materials |
| EP0768570A1 (en) | 1995-10-09 | 1997-04-16 | Konica Corporation | Image forming method |
| EP0775937A2 (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-28 | Konica Corporation | Fine composite polymer particles and image recording material by use thereof |
| US6033824A (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 2000-03-07 | Foto-Wear, Inc. | Silver halide photographic material and method of applying a photographic image to a receptor element |
| US20060147658A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2006-07-06 | Fuji Photo Film B.V. | Ink-jet recording medium |
| US20060222788A1 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2006-10-05 | Fuji Photo Film B.V. | Recording medium |
| US20060222787A1 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2006-10-05 | Fuji Photo Film B.V. | Recording medium |
| EP2385425A1 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-09 | Fujifilm Corporation | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for movie |
-
1943
- 1943-04-10 US US482604A patent/US2376005A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2544877A (en) * | 1947-05-03 | 1951-03-13 | Eastman Kodak Co | Bichromate sensitized photographic materials |
| US2500028A (en) * | 1948-07-09 | 1950-03-07 | Eastman Kodak Co | Fine-grained bichromate sensitized photographic material |
| US2772163A (en) * | 1953-04-17 | 1956-11-27 | Eastman Kodak Co | Photographic emulsions containing couplers and hydrosols |
| US2822271A (en) * | 1953-10-19 | 1958-02-04 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Photosensitive material |
| US2835582A (en) * | 1954-02-03 | 1958-05-20 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin-polymeric hydrosol mixtures and photographic articles prepared therefrom |
| US2940854A (en) * | 1956-08-16 | 1960-06-14 | Eastman Kodak Co | Gelatin silver halide emulsion plasticized with dicarboxylic acid esters |
| US2937088A (en) * | 1958-01-13 | 1960-05-17 | Eastman Kodak Co | Diethylene glycol mixed esters |
| US3142568A (en) * | 1961-03-13 | 1964-07-28 | Du Pont | Photographic emulsions, elements, and processes |
| US3867154A (en) * | 1973-07-23 | 1975-02-18 | Keuffel & Esser Co | Desalination of silver halide photographic emulsions utilizing sulfated polyvinyl alcohol |
| US4357419A (en) * | 1981-04-02 | 1982-11-02 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Covering power in films |
| EP0209118A2 (en) | 1985-07-17 | 1987-01-21 | Konica Corporation | Silver halide photographic material |
| EP0228084A2 (en) | 1985-12-25 | 1987-07-08 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Image forming process |
| US5298362A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1994-03-29 | Eastman Kodak Company | Photographic high-contrast silver halide materials |
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| US6090520A (en) * | 1996-11-04 | 2000-07-18 | Foto-Wear, Inc. | Silver halide photographic material and method of applying a photographic image to a receptor element |
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| US20060159872A1 (en) * | 2003-06-18 | 2006-07-20 | Fuji Photo Film B.V. | Ink-jet recording medium |
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| US20060222787A1 (en) * | 2003-10-03 | 2006-10-05 | Fuji Photo Film B.V. | Recording medium |
| EP2385425A1 (en) | 2010-05-07 | 2011-11-09 | Fujifilm Corporation | Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for movie |
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