US2373364A

US2373364A - Bolas projectile

Info

Publication number: US2373364A
Application number: US419092A
Authority: US
Inventors: Welleome Hubert
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1940-11-15
Filing date: 1941-11-14
Publication date: 1945-04-10
Anticipated expiration: 1962-04-10

Description

H. wELLcoME 2,373,364

BOLAS PROJECTILE April 10,v 1945.

Filed Nov. 14, 1941 Y 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 f QZ @j A? u /NVE/vrof? 0 /l TTORNEYS April l0, 1945- 4 wELLcoME 2,373,364

BOLAS PROJECTILE Filed NOV. 14, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 4 /N VEN 7'0R HUBERT Wf-LL (ME' #www - Arnim/E YS Patented Apr. 10, 1945 UNHTED STATES PATENT OFFICE- 2,373,364 OLS PROJG'TIL Hubert welkome-Marini Kiste-N, Application November 14, 155411 Serial bla-419,692 inl canada November i5; i940 i9 claims. A(ci. 10a-63) The present invention relates to ordnance' pro'-A ject'iles of the bolas type designed primarilyl for use against aircraft but adaptable for otl'ier uses.

Theinvention has for an' object to-provi'de for an improved projectile, adapted to be shot from an ordinary rifled gun, wherein a bolas is" in-l cluded in the projectile and. is arrangedt'os-pread as it approaches the target.

Another object is to provide an improved arrangement of the coiled bolas wires whereby'ef` fective'spread of the bolas is insured.

Another object is to provide an ini-proved method offorming the bolas wires into' a-'co'il such that the outer diameter of the coil can be accu; rately pre-determined. l l

Another object is to provide improved means for insuring the uncoiling of the bolas wires iii a manner to avoid undue pull of the' Wir'es' upon the weights. v

Another object is to provide means addition to the weights for uncoilin'g the bolas v'vires'.-

Still` another o'b'ject is to provide a' momentum member connected to the bolas wires and operate ing to untwist the vlire'sy if still twisted aftertlie'y f are completely uncoiled.

The nature and objects' of the invention Wil-l be better understood from a description of afi illustrativeA embodiment thereof.

Thisl application' is in part contiriuatio'n1` of aps plication Ser. No. 266,067-, ledf April' 5, 1939,and in part describes an improvement on the saine.

The bolas to be more particularly described for the purposes of illustrating the principles of weights, each eccentric to" the axis of the' projectile, and wires connecting thev weights, whereinthe wires are twisted together to form a cable and the cable is formed intoV a coil. In uncoiling,

the present invention comprises a plurality of f the cable is pulled axially from the' coil and it is quickly unstranded to free the individua-l wires and permit spread of the bolas.- The' weights move outward under the action of centrifugal force and pulllthe wires but preferablyv additional means isA provided for uncoi-ling the wires and for untwisting the cable. l

In the preferred embodiment ofthe invention, the weights are arcuateA in cross-sectionvvandarranged to form a cylindrical shell withbase and nose members closing the opposite ends of the shell. 'I'he wires connecting the weights are coiled within the shell formed by' the weights. The' base member is connected to the cable near one end in a` manner to aid in uncoiling the same and .the nosel member is connected to theother erid of the cable to serveas a rotating momentum member for' holdingl the end of the cable i'pofsie' vennen, y

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on` tie liiiej 2;---2` of Fig. 1,

ig. 3" `is a tr' verse" sectional' view" taken on theliiie'lsf-i4 o'f Fig. 1', n l

Fig. 4v is -a' View partly' in transverse sectionA and partlyi elevation of a modified bolas" projectile including an explosive' charge,v

Fig. 5 is a perspective View of a transverse pressure plate of the projectile shownfin Fig'. 4',

Fig'. 6u is" a; longitudinal central sectional View of' andth' bolas' projectile embodying features o'fV tle invention,

' Fig". '7 is a transverse sectional view taken on' meinte' 1 1 of Fig. 6, Y

Fig. 8 vis a transverse sectional" View taken on tiiefune sL-s of Figi 6.

Tl'ie projectile Shown in Figs. 1 to" 3 iS designed more especially' fork in l defenseat reiativeiy close range, as for example for shooting, from one aircraft' at a pursuing' aircraft, or for attacking` a low flying craft from th'e ground. Accordigly it is dsirable tli'at this bolas should spread immediately.

S15 'fadrg is" caused rotati'c'ifiA imparted byl the riingf the g'uri used. Theprojectle'shown is designedto be shot from a gufi Having rightlaided' riir'ig. Five weights |`0 are connected' by" or strands H to' form a bolas capable of spreading t'o' a` distance determined by tlie' length o`f the' Wires'. The' weights are arcuate inA css-sec'tin and' when ass'eibl'edk together fcirri a cylindrical shell wliclfis closed at' 'e' d" ly'bas' member l2 and at" the opposite ed by' a n'os'e' assembly' I3'. Each ofthe' vviegris c'onected at one end to a", weight' a'rid'a'i; their opposite ends they are connected together by being securedv to a clip I4`whichin turn, is secured-to thes as'se'eilclyr` [31 The wires are twisted 15ogema te forista @stiel 5 weich, m' tamis formed several parts are assembled to constitute a unitary projectile which may be shot from a standard rifled gun.

The connection between the base member I2 and the weights I is such that the radial outward movement of the ends of the weights, which will occur as the result of centrifugal force when the shell is shot, will force the base rearwardly. As shown at I8, the ends of the weights are tapered at an angle to the axis of the projectile and the base is formed with a similar annular conical surface I9 engaging the same. to hold the projectile together for handling, taper pins 20 extend through the ends of the weights and into the base member. Two pins are provided for each weight as indicated in Fig. 3. The two pins of each weight are parallel to each other rather than exactly radial of the projectile in order to avoid a binding action, and they are substantially parallel to the surface I8. The angle between the conical surface I9 of the base and the axis of the projectile, which has been selected for the bolas shown, is 37.

' The taper pins 20 may be of steel or of a soft metal such as copper. If of copper, they may extend through the rotating band 2I and may be turned off flush with the surface of said band in the finishing of the shell. The rotating band is made in segments1 one for each weight, and a gas sealing ring 22 against its lower edge insures a gas-tight seal within the gun. This ring will assist in holding the parts of the projectile together during handling, but is suiiiciently frangible so that it will yield immediately under the action of centrifugal force to permit spreading of the bolas.

In the lower ends of the weights I0 pockets 23 are drilled as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1 and in cross-section in Fig. 3 to receive charges of tracer powder, and diagonal passages y24 are drilled through the base member in alignment with these pockets to cause the tracer powder to be ignited when the gun is discharged,

All of the weights I0 are connected to the nose member in such a way that they will be securely held thereby until they swing out laterally, and then they will be readily freed. The connection is formed by providing an annular inturned lip 25 engaging in suitable corresponding recesses 26 in the upper ends of the Weights.-

In order to prevent binding of the weights as they move outwardly and turn about the lip 25 as a pivot, the weights are cut away on their inner end edges, as indicated at 21, and also they are slightly cut away on their side edges adjacent the ends, as indicated at 28.

Slots 29 are formed in the base for the wires leading to the point of connection to the weights. A length of metal or fibrous protective sheath 30 'is shown as applied to each wire in this position.

In order to accommodate rotation of the weights and permit relief of the torsion in the individual wires when unstranding or later during flight, the connection between the wires and weights is made rotatable. To this end the wire passes centrally through a threaded bushing 3I and is secured against withdrawal by a bronze or steel ball 32, held in place on the wire by a soft copper sleeve 33 compressed onto or otherwise secured to the wire. The connection is preferably at the trailing edge of the weight, which is cut away as shown.

It is desirable to provide means other than the vweights to pull out and thus uncoil the cable. For this purpose, the base member is connected to In order v the cable by a wire cord 35, which may conveniently serve as a central core member of the cable. The base member is projected rearwardly at an initial relative velocity comparable to the relative lateral velocity of the weights and very quickly encounters an additional relative rearward force due to air resistance.

The connection between the cord and base may be such as to permit rotation. As shown, the cord passes through a central hole in the base and a ball 36 is suitably fastened thereon. A; cover plate 31 protects the ball and end of the cord from the powder charge.

In order to connect the inner ends of the several wires of the bolas as spread, they are firmly secured to a central clip I4. A suitable method of connecting these wires to the clip I4 is indicated in Fig. 2, wherein a sleeve I5 of copper or the like is shown as clamped securely on the end section of each wire and the wire and sleeve are coiled and clamped within a recess in the clip.

The central cord 35 may extend the full length of the cable or it may be shorter and it may be free to permit relative rearward movement of itself arfd the base independent of the nose in either case.

In the preferred arrangement, the clip is rigidly connected to the nose member to rotate therewith. As shown, a threaded central stud 40 is threaded into the clip and into the central cap 4I ofthe nose assembly. The central strand 35 of the cable is shown as connected to the nose of the projectile by being passed through the center of the stud and formed with an enlargement at its end.

The end turns of the coil adjacent the base are held in place by a stiff retainer ring 43 fitting within an inturned edge of the casing Il and by a soft metal flanged retainer sleeve 44. A slot 45 is\formed in the flange of sleeve 44, through which the cable extends. The sleeve 44 serves more particularly to hold the innermost layer of coils in position during assembly. This bushing is made of zinc of sufficient hardness to hold the coils in place, but soft enough so that its anged end will be reamed oi by the wire cable as it is pulled from the coil. The retainer 43 must also prevent undesired displacement during pull-out of the cable and must, therefore, be of substantial strength and stiffness.

At the nose end of the coil, a similar but wider stiff retainer ring 46 holds the end turns 0f the coil against displacement.

Preferably there is a little slack in the cable between the coil and the weights so that the coil itself does not begin to uncoil immediately at the instant of the beginning of spread of the bolas. As shown, a loop 48 of slack cable is indicated as placed within the center of the shell.

When the projectile is shot, the sudden acceleration will tend to cause the loop of wire in the center of the bolas to be pressed against the base of the projectile and perhaps distorted. In order to prevent such distortion, which might cause kinks in the wires tending to inhibit spread of the bola-s, the interior of the projectile, or at least the base end of the same, may be filled with sand or other effective support for the loop. Sand is indicated by stippling.

Let us assume that there are turns in the coil. Then if the cable is pulled out axially of the coil, instanteously or without any rotation of the coil in either direction during the time of pull-off, then the pulling-out will give 80 twists to; the cable in ay direction depending upon the direction of the windingof the coil.

if during the pull-out of the cable, the coil rotates 8O turns in the opposite direction, then the pulling-out of the cable will, of itself, give 80 twists in. onev direction and the rotations will give another 80 twists. in the same direction, that is to say, the cable. will be given 160` twists during the pull-out. Theseconsiderations apply whether the cable is pulled axially from within the coil, as herein indicated, or axiallyfrom the exterior of the coil in a modified arrangement. Now' this means` practically that if the cable is to comeout straight or completely untwisted, thenthe original cable should have been given 160. twists or lays in the suitable direction.

In. other words, if the cabley is originally formed with 160 left-handed lays in its full lengthv and is formed into a coil of 80.- turns wound or coiled in the suitable. direction, then when the cable is pulled longitudinally from the coil, there will be eighty eventual lays to the leftl in the cable. In this condition, 80 rotations of one end of the cable will remove all of the lay or twist. In practice, the pull-out and the rotation occur, at least in part, simultaneously.

It has been found in winding the cable into a coil, thatv if there isv very little lay in the cable, then the several turns of the coil tend to flatten and it is diicult to build up; a complete icoil of the exact outside diameter desired. On the other hand, if vthere is a rapid lay in the cable, then the cable has more of the character of a firm solid member and it is possible to wind the cable on a mandrel and obtain a coil which hasr almost exactly the desired outside diameter. Such a coil is more satisfactory, partly because assembly is easier, and partly because the tight fit of the coil within the icasing and within the shell formed by the weights eectively inhibits rotation of. the coil relative to the weights w-hen the projectile is rotated by the riiling of the gun from which it isv shot.

The rigid connection of the nose member and the center clip provides a central bolas weight of substantial rotative inertia. Accordingly, when the bolas cable is entirely pulled from the coil, if there is still a length of cable which has not been entirely untwisted, then this rotating weight will continue .the untwisting movement and, therefore, aid the spread oi the bolas.

The eccentric point of connection of the. separate strands to the clip will, when. the bolas is entirely spread, exert a pull on lthe clip and nose member in a manner to tend strongly to stop further rotation and, therefore, retwisting of the wires.

The length of Itime during which the cable is being uncoiled will vary with the conditions, such as muzzle velocity and the riing of the gun. [t is possible to estimate the time with reasonably close approximation and to devise a suitable lay of the cable. The rotating control weight will unstrand a reasonable number of excess twists.

It is desirable that the character of the individual wires forming the strands of the cable, the number of lays or twists of the cable and the torsional strain in the individual strands andv in Imanner to form a clalble having 50% life.

the: calble as a whole.y be so correlated .that there willi he; the. least possible tendency to kink when uncoiling andi unstrandingf, and the leasty practicable resistancee. to unstranding. These objects. are attained in the bolasillustrated, by the method; of winding.v rL'he. extent of twist of. the individual strands and ci cable as a whole in this example are; illustrative merely and in prac h tice should be.` correlated to the` rate of rotation and other conditions of a particular bolas.

The cable, when nally arranged in the coil, may be: either dead orvlive cable. Dead cable may be defined as cable in. which the condition of twist of the individualstrands and of the cable as a whole is such that when. straightened it has notendency to twistv in either direction. Live cable may be defined as cable in which the in.- dividual strands are twisted from normal land, because of theirtendency to twist.. due to the spring `of the4 wire, tend to untwist the cable.

The cable, as wound in Ithe coil. of the bolas shown in Fig. l, is live cable to the. extent that if the cable were, unwound and released at both ends, it would untwist to the extent that about one-half, of the twistwould come out. I

As above explained, the pull of the cable axially from the coil will give to the cable one complete twist for each coil pulled out. The direction of rotation of the coil is preferably` away from the point of pull-cin the sense that `each rotation of the coil during .pulll-oi will give .one complete twist to the cable Ain the same direction.

The wire used may besing'le strand wire, such as. piano wire, or each wire may be formed of a .f number of fine wires braided or twisted together to'form strands. The wire preferably used in the bolas shown in Fig. l is a 19 wire strand with a right-handed lay.

They condition of the wire in the coil kwill be better understood from a description of the method of; forming and winding the coil.v

This projectile is'designed for use with agun riied right-handedly in accordance with American practice. The projectile, therefore, will rotate right-handedly or clockwise in flight when viewed from behind.

To assemble .the bolas of a three inch shell of the type illustrated Ain Fig. 1, the five wires or strands, which are later to be connected to the weights, and the smaller strand, which is later to be connected to the base, are arranged side by side with the larger strands arranged circumferentially around the smaller strand as a, core. The relative sizes' of the strands are such that the central strand--ts closely within the group of five arranged circumferentially around it. The cable, which is about 40 ft. long, or a little longer, is arranged into a .coil of three-layers having turns or individual coils.

' In the formingof the cable, the strands are twisted individually and twisted together in a This avoids o-n the one hand the disadvantages of. completely dead cable which would present diniculties when untwisted, lthat is to say unstranded, and avoids on the other hand diiiculties which a completely live cable would involve. Ii the cable were coiled as dead cable,v then when pulled out and completely untwisted each strand would be twisted to a quite considerable extent and, for this reason, would have a tendency to kink if any slack should occur.- Dead cable also oers an objectionable resistancel to unstranding. Live cable on the other hand has a considerable tendency to kink and, therefore, `must be handled with more care during manufacture and assembly. The tendency to kink (torsion in the cable) is apt to cause trouble during pull-out and untwisting. A compromise should be made.

In the forming of the cable of the bolas under consideration, each strand is given 8O turns or twists to the left (facing the end of the strand).

' has a left hand lay. It is to be noted that the effect on the individual strands of the 160 turns to the right is to cancel the original 80 turns to the left and to introduce 80 turns to the right so that the individual strands in this condition are tightened as compared with the original lay if .right hand lay strand is used.

The cable so formed, because of the twisting of the individual strands and the twisting of the cable as a whole and, therefore, of the strands in the opposite direction has, what may be termed for convenience, 50% life. That is to say, if the cable were left free to twist, it would untwist to the extent of about half of the total twist or lay which has been given to it.

This half live cable is then wound onto a slightly tapered mandrel by rotating the mandrel and the whole cable is formed into a coil of the form indicated in Fig. 1 having 80 turns. It is convenient to wind the cable between the retaining

members

43 and 44 at what is to become the base end of the coil, and the similar retainer ring 46 at the opposite end. The mandrel is suitably channeled to receive the sleeve 44 so that the outer diameter of the coil will be of the exact size to t the casing. These retaining members are suitably held on the mandrel during winding, and when the coil is completely formed, the thin metal, slightly tapered casing il is placed over the coil and is flanged over the retainer rings 43 and 46 to fix them securely in position. The taper of the coil as a whole and of the inner casing facilitates the making of a tight t between the coil and weights such as inhibits relative rotation during the acceleration of the rotation of the projectile in the gun.

The strands of the cable at one end are then connected to the clip I4. The central pull-out strand may be connected to the nose assembly or not, as preference or the action of bolas of a particular type may dictate. Usually it is good practice to provide a loop of slack 48. The loop should be bound with a frangible wire seizing, as indicated at 49.

The section of cable in the loose loop should be at least partly untwisted in order that during the initial rearward movement of the base member the cable, which is pulled out, will be unstranded, thereby permitting the radial outward movement of the weights without any interference due to twist of the cable.

In Fig. 4 is shown a bolas with a different form of base construction wherein the base is forced rearwardly by an explosive charge instead of be ing forced rearwardly merely by the centrifugal action of the weights.

In this embodiment of the invention, the base member 50 is connected to the weights by taper pins 5l substantially as in the case of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. These taper pins may be for each Weight and a continuous gas sealing ring 52 is positioned immediately adjacent the rotating band. The segments of the rotating band may be-secured to the weights in any suitable manner. The explosive charge is coniined in pockets or an annular recess 53 in the base member and between the base member and a heat resisting member such as an asbestos plate 54. Y

This plate fits against the retainer members at the lower end of the coil of cable. Preferably it is formed in sections 55, one for each weight, which sections will fall free of the bolas so as not to interfere with spreading.

The sections of the plate are grooved, as indicated at 56, to acccommodate the individual strands of the cable as they extend from within the coil outward to the point of connection with the weights. In this embodiment, as in that shown in Fig. 1, a central strand of the cable is connected to the base member to serve as a tension connection for pulling the cable from the coil as the base is projected rearwardly by the explosive charge.

A passageway 5l' is formed in the base to 1'eceive a suitable fuse member 58 to provide for ignition of the explosive charge in the annular recess of the base. The timing of the fuse member will determine the time of spread of the bolas because in-this embodiment the strength of the gas sealing ring and the arrangement of the pins is such as to prevent spreading by centrifugal force alone as contrasted with the structure oi' the projectile shown in Fig. l. Pockets 23 and diagonal passages 24' are provided for tracer powder and for ignition thereof as in Fig l.

The base member of this bolas may well be made of aluminum to be more readily impelled backward by the explosive. It may be so shaped as to have a substantial parachute effect whereby air resistance will aid the pull-out of the cable.

Figs. 6 to 8 illustrate another embodiment oi the invention, including several inventive features which may be used in one bolas or each of which may be used in combination with other features. The connection between the weights and the base member is designed primarilynto simplify manufacture but presents various features which are advantageous for other purposes. This base structure is here shown as used in a projectile designed for use at long range, but obviously it is adaptable for short range projectiles which spread entirely by centrifugal force. The arcuate weights 60 are formed with tapered end surfaces Si, which fit against a similarly tapered annular or conical surface G2 n the base member 63. The vbase member is made in two parts, a central part 64 and a sleeve member 55 threaded onto the central member. The central member is formed with lugs 66, one for each weight segment, which lugs take into correspond ingly shaped recesses in the weight segments. In the projectile shown, the conical surface t2 lies at an angle of 37 to the axis of the projectile. The angle between the underside of the lugs 66 and the conical surface 62 should be less than 11 in order that a locking taper may be pro,-

vided. If the angle is too great, then when the sleeve nut is screwed tight, it would be possible for the weights to be squeezed laterally outward between the lower surface of the lug and the conical surface of the sleeve. On the other hand, if this angle is made too small, then whenthe weights should spread, there may be a-locking of the end of the weight segment between these two surfaces to prevent spreading. The lower ends of the weights are curved at 61 to provide clearance for spreading. The rotating band 68 is segmental and a gas tight seal is insured by a sealing ring 59. If the bolas `is designed to be spread by the action of centrifugal force alone,

then the sealing ring must be suiiciently fran-v gible. The outward movement oi the weights will force the base rearwardly and the cable will be pulled out by the connection between the base and cable as previously described. If the projectile is designed for long range anti-aircraft use, the sealing ring b9 will be made strong enough so that, in proper cooperation with the base and weight connection, it will withstand the centrifugal force. The sealing ring, however, is designed to be fractured by means of an explosive charge. The connection between the base member and the weights, including the lugs 66, is such that rearward movement of the base member will force the weights laterally. While this projectile and that shown in Fig. 4 are designed primarily for use with rifled guns, the construction is such that substantial spread or the bolas can be obtained even ii the projectile is shot from a smooth bore gun.

An explosive charge 'i0 is carried in a tubular member il of suicient strength to withstand the force of the explosion. A similar tubular member 12 is carried by the nose assembly and telescoped with the nrst mentioned tubular member to carry the ignition iiash from a time fuse in the nose of the projectile.

The weights Se are hooked within an inturned flange 'i5 of the nose as in the projectile of Fig. l. To avoid binding when the bolas spreads, as in the projectile of Fig. l, the weights are cut away at their inner end edges as indicated at 16, and also at their side end edges as indicated at 17.

The arrangement of the clip which connects the inner ends of the bolas wires in the end of the coil enclosing casing is the same as that shown in Fig. l. A coil retainer 'l1' is held by inwardly anged lugs I8 in the extended end of the casing. The clip is held against the retainer 'Il' by an annular keeper l@ having a peripheral liange fitting over the end of the coil casing 80. Lugs formed on the peripheral flange are bent inward to take into holes formed by the bending in of the retaining lugs i8.

The foregoing description of particular embodiments is illustrative merely and is not intended as dening the limits of the invention. Numerous modiiications may be made in the various inventive features and recombinations of .features may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, as dened in the about. The ballistic coeicient of the weight segments is higher in their developing position than that of the nose section which is of about the same weight, while only one strand is pull ing on each weight, whereas six strands are pulling on the central section. Secondly, the pull `on the central wire due to the rearward movement and drag of the base section retards the forward movement of the nose section but does not retard the forward movement of the weights.

The weights and the base member may be made of metal or other material selected in accordance with the purposes of a particular bolas. The lower mass of the modified aluminum base permits a quicker rate of unstranding and, therefore, a quicker spreading bolas and, furthermore, its lesser momentum makes'it less likely that the base will catch. up to and pass the rest of the bolas after development has taken place.

Inasmuch as one object of the base member is to pull out and uncoil the cable, it may be replaced by a true parachute device. In such event, the pull cord'should not be attached to the clip or nose at the forward end of the projectile but should be allowed to free itself from the projectile when it has served its purpose.

I claim:

1. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, a `plurality of weights each positioned eccentric to the axis of the projectile, wires connecting said weights to each other, said wires being twisted together to form a cable and said cable being formed into a coil, andmeans other than the weights for uncoiling said cable.

2. A projectile comprising a bolas including a plurality of weights and a wire connected to each weight, the wires being twisted together to form a cable and said cable being formed into a coil, and means other than the weights for drawing the cable axially from said coil and untwisting the same to permit spread of the bolas.

3. A projectile comp-rising a bolas including a plurality of weights and a wire connected to each weight, the wires being twisted together to form a cable and said cable being formed into a coil, the wires leading from within the coil to the point of connection with the weights whereby the wires are drawn from within the coil when the weights pull them, and means other Athan the weights for pulling the cable from within the coil to facilitate uncoiling.

4. A bolas projectile of the Character described comprising, in combination, a plurality of weights each positioned eccentric to the axis of the projectile, and a base memberconnected to said weights, the base member and Vweights having cooperating cam surfaces so arranged that radial outward movement of the weights will force the base member rearwardly, wires connecting said weights to each other, said wires being twisted together to form a cable, and said cable being claims. The loop of loose cable between the coil and the base may be made longer or shorter and may be more or less completely unstranded in projectiles of various types.

It is preferable that when the bolas spreads, the nose section should be slightly retarded so that the weights are slightly in advance of said nose section in night during spread of the bolas and thereafter. In the arrangement shown, there are two factors which tend to bring this formed into a coil, and a tension member connected to the base member and to said cable wherebyupon rearward movement of the base member the cable is pulled to uncoil said cable. 5. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, a plurality of weights, each positioned eccentric to the axis of the projectile and a base member, connections between said weights and base member control-Y ling relative movement thereof so that radial outward movement of the weights causes rearward movement of the base member, wires connecting said weights to each other, said wires being' twisted together to form a cable, and said cable being formed into a coil, and a tension member connected to the base member and to said cable whereby upon rearward movement of the base member, the cable is pulled to uncoil said cable.

6. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, a plurality of weights, each positioned eccentric to the aXis of the projectile, and a base member, dowell pins extending diagonally to the axis of the projectile separably connecting the weights to the base and controlling the relative movement of the weights and base to cause rearward movement of the base when the weights move radially outward, wires connecting said weights to each other, said wires being twisted together to form a cable, and said cable being formed into a coil, and a tension member connected to the base member and to said cable whereby upon rearward movement of the base member the cable is pulled to uncoil said cable.

7. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, a plurality of weights connected to form a cylindrical shell, Wires connecting said weights to each other, said wires being twisted together to form a cable, and said cable being formed into a coil within the cylindrical shell, a base member at one end of said weights forming a closure for said shell, means connecting the weights and the base member in such manner that radial outward movement of the Weights will cause rearward movement of the base, a tension member connected to the basel member and the cable to uncoil said cable, and a nose member at the other end of said weights forming a closure for said shell, said cable being connected to said nose member.

8. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, a plurality of weights connected to form a cylindrical shell, wires connecting said weights to each other, said wires being twisted together to form a cable, and said cable being formed into a coil within the cylindrical shell, a base member at one end of said weights forming a closure for said shell, an inner shell enclosing said coil and fitting within said weights, an annular retainer secured to the inner casing at the end of the coil adjacent the base member, and va connection between the base member and the cable for drawing the cable from within the coil through said annular retainer.

9. A projectile comprising a bolas including a plurality of weights and a wire connected to each weight, the wires being twisted together to form a cable and said cable being formed into a coil, a member connected to the cable to draw the same axially from the coil, and an explosive charge for actuating said member.

10. A bolas projectile of the character'described comprising, in combination, a plurality of weights each positioned eccentric to the axis of the projectile, a weight positioned axially of said projectile and rotatable as a part thereof, wires connected to said weights and twisted together to form a cable, said cable being formed into a coil, the end of said cable being connected to said rotatable weight, the direction of twist of the cable being such that rotation of the weight after uncoiling of the cable tends to untwist the cable when the projectile is shot fror a ried gun.

11. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, a plurality of Weights, wires connected to said weights and twisted together to form a cable, said cable being formed into a coil, a nose member connecting said weights to hold them together at one end to form a shell, a base member connecting said weights at the opposite endand forming a closure for the shell, a tension member connected to said base member `and to said cable at one end of said coil and means non-rotatably connecting the other end of said cable to the nosemember.

l2. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, weights arcuate in cross-section forming a shell, said weights being tapered inwardly at one end to form together a frustro-conical surface and hav ing tapered recesses on their inner faces at the same ends, a two-part base comprising an inner threaded member having projections tapered on one side and extending into the tapered recesses in the weights and an outer member having a frustro-conical surface opposed to the tapered surfaces on the projections, said latter frustroconical surface engaging the tapered surfaces of the weights.

13. A bolas projectile of the character de scribed comprising, in combination, weights arcuate in cross-section forming a shell, wires eon necting said weights, a two-part base having an inner member with radial projections and an outer member having a frustro-conical inwardly presented surface, the angle between the frustroconical surface and the opposed surfaces of the projections being less than 11 and the weight members being engaged between said surfaces substantially as and for the purposes described.

14. A bolas projectile of the character described comprising, in combination, weights ar ranged to form a shell, wires connecting said weights and formed in a coil within the shell, a base member and a nose assembly engaging said weights at opposite ends to form closures for the shell, telescoping tubular members secured to an explo member and coil to uncoil the latter.

15. The method of assembling a bolas projectile which comprises assembling a number of strands side by side, twisting each strand a number of times in one direction and twisting the whole assembly of strands in the opposite direction a ,greater number of times thereby producing a twisted cable, the strands of which are in torsional tension tending to untwist the cable, winding the cable into a coil on a mandrel, applying a sheath to said formed coil and securing the individual wires to weights to form a bolas and applying base and nose members to the weights to form a projectile.

16. A bolas projectile as defined in claim l. wherein the individual wires have less twist than ,the cable as a whole to provide partially live cable to facilitate uncoiling and to prevent snarling.

17. A bolas projectile as dened in claim 2 wherein the wires are reversely twisted before twisting into a coil for the purposes described.

18. A bolas projectile as defined in claim 2 wherein the torsional tension of the individual wires as twisted into the cable is partially relieved.

19. A bolas as defined in claim 10 wherein the torsional twist of the individual wires is of the order of one-half of the twist of the cable substantially as and for the purpose described.

HUBERT WELLCOME. v