US2373293A - Loom - Google Patents

Description

April 10, 19 45. 3035 2,373,293

LOOM

Filed Aug. 11, 1943 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 g mnnmmmm g Gtforneg I Patented Apr. 10, 1945 2.313.293 LOOM Frederick Gordon Cobb, to Pacific Mills, Bosto Massachusetts Charlotte, N. 0., asslgnor n, Mass, a corporation of Application August 11, 1943, Serial No. 498,202

3 Claims.

This invention relates to a weaving loom and more especially to the warp beam and the sand roll or take up roll in a loom. In conventional looms, for weavingcloth. there is a warp beam, a cloth roll, a sand roll, a harness mechanism for forming sheds in the warp, a lay with a reed therein and shuttle boxes at each end 01' the lay for casting the shuttle from one side of the loom to the other through the sheds formed by the harness mechanism for weaving the cloth. Upon each throw of the shuttle, the lay, equipped with a reed therein, beats up the filling which has been thrown in the shed. The cloth after being woven, passes over a sand roll. A take up rod on which the cloth is wound is resiliently pressed against the sand roll to cause the cloth roll to be rotated so that as the cloth roll increases in diameter, it is pressed downwardly against its resilient mounting. In a conventional loom, there is also provided loom temples and other devices which engage the selvagc edge or edges of the cloth being woven to hold it in stretched condition. These devices such as temples at the edges of the cloth impart a retarding action to the travel of the edges of the cloth; consequently, the filling which is woven is not in a straight line across the piece of cloth, but is bowed or arched toward the cloth roll, that is, the filling in the cloth at th center of the cloth is of one-eighth inch to one inch or more closer to the cloth roll as it travels towards the cloth roll than this particular filling yarn is at the edges of the cloth. depending upon the width of the loom, also style of goods, coarse loosely woven goods or fine closely woven goods. On /4 goods, the bow is much more pronounced than on 46 inch goods. This is due to the fact, as above-outlined, that the edges 01' the cloth are under greater strain and therefore, the center warp threads and center portion of the cloth are not under this greater strain, and therefore, travel more freely, resulting in the filling being arc-shaped in the cloth.

It is an object of this invention to cure this defect in'weaving, because there is great loss in cutting or tearing of cloth, because when it is cut into strips by tearing transversely of the cloth, it is torn along a pick of filling which is an arcuate line, and great waste occurs in the cloth in this manner.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a loom having a concave warp beam and a concave sand roll, that is having a, lesser diameter at their center than at their ends, and gradually increasing in diameter from the center towards the ends so as to exert the greatest prescurve. Sheets which are thus woven square will stand more wear, last longer, because all strain on the warp and filling threads has been equalizedwoven squarely. Laboratory tests show breaking strength of warp and filling threads are more nearly balanced throughout the width of the sheet. Hotel records show sheets wear most near the center, or the center wears more than near the selvages or sides. Sheets squarely woven with a loom equipped with my new sand roll will wear longer.

It is another object of this invention to provide a loom having an improved warp beam which has less diameter at its center than at its ends. and a sand roll likewise having less diameter at its center than at its ends whereby the proper tension. will be applied to all of the warp threads to cause the picks of filling to extend across the cloth in an approximately straight line, and approximately at degrees from the edges of the cloth.

In the manufacture of bedspreads, handkerchiefs, and pillow cases, the material is usually torn into proper lengths for the article being manufactured. In conventionally woven cloth, the ends are curved, because it is torn along a pick of filling. Thus, when the ends are hemmed as in bed sheets and handkerchiefs, the finished sheet or handkerchief has puckered ends. In the case of a pillow case, the side seams of the piece of cloth have arcs extending in the opposite directionsand when they are sewed together, a puckering efiect is the result.

This slows up the work of tearing the sheets as the tearers are required to separate the crooked ended sheets and have them pulled straight, or as nearly straight as possible. This process is performed by two men holding the sheet at diagonal corners and trying to pull it straight and even. But this is often unsuccessful, as it remains uneven regardless. Therefore, when the hem is sewn, this uneven edge causes it to have numerous wrinkles that will not iron out. The inspectors pass up those which they think will iron out evenly at the mangle as first quality, but many sheet which pass as first quality are disqualified partly in section at the mangle because of bad results in ironing, thus, making these sheets second duality. Due to improper doubling person tearing is unable to observe how badly the filling of the cloth is bowed, and he passes it up as being straight, but after it is sewn, the inspector finds it crooked, and returns it to be straightened. This causes much extra expense, trouble, and inconvenience, and also delays orders and the closing of the lots.

As to the material woven on a loom with my improved warp beam and sand roll, tests show that the warp threads in the center of the cloth have a greater breaking strength than the warp threads near the selvage, and this breaking strength becomes gradually less from the center to the selvage of the cloth. This is a very valuable feature when such cloth is used for bed sheets, pillow cases, and handkerchiefs.

Some of the objects of the invention having been stated, other objects will appear as the description proceeds when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is an end elevation of a portion of a loom showing the sand roll and the cloth roll;

Figure 2 is a vertical elevational view taken along the line 2-2 in Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view taken alon the line 3-3 in Figure 1;

Figure 4 is a schematic view showing in dotted lines the course of the filling threads in a piece of cloth woven with my improved sand roll;

Figure 5 is a schematic view showing approximately the direction of the filling thread in a piece of cloth woven with the conventional sand roll;

Figure 6 is a top plan view of a loom equipped with my improved sand roll and improved warp beam;

Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 1-4 in Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a vertical sectional view taken along the line 8-8 in Figure 6.

I Referring more specifically to the drawings, the numerals l and H indicate the Sampsons of a loom frame looking at the take-up end of the loom where the cloth roll is located. Only portions of the loom are shown, because the remaining portions are conventional such as the take-up and let-off mechanism, and need not be shown or described. The loom is equipped with a sand roll 12 mounted on a shaft l3 which has its ends mounted in the side frames l0 and I l of the loom. The sand roll may have a conventional covering of perforated sheet metal or any rough surface so as to cause it to have the proper frictional properties to impart rotation to the cloth roll. This sand roll has a pinion l4 fixed thereon which meshes with a pinion l which is driven by the mechanism which drives the various portions of the loom. The loom is also equipped with uprising forks i6 and H in which a rod or shaft It is rotatably mounted, and on this rod or shaft It, the cloth 19a is adapted to be wound by frictional contact with the sand roll to form cloth roll l9. As the diameter of the cloth roll I! increases, the rod l8 on which it is wound is forced downwardly together with the resiliently upwardly pressed forks I61 and I1 until the desired amount of cloth is wound onto the rod It to form the cloth roll IS. The sand roll and warp beam in the drawings are shown in an exaggerated form as usually the concavity is not as great as that shown. It has been found by experience that a very slight concavity will give the desired of the cloth, sometimes the' asvaaea results; that is, the center section of the sand roll and warp beam should have a diameter of approximately one-eighth to three-eighths of an inch less than the end diameters of the roll and warp beam when weaving a thirty-six to forty inch width of cloth. The wider the loom, the more concavity will be required. Also the type of goods being woven will govern the concavity in the sand roll and warp beam. In heavier goods, greater concavity for a given width will be necessary, and in light goods, such as lawns, percales, and sheetings, less concavity in the sand roll and warp beam will be required. The greater concavity imparted to the sand roll and warp beam, of course, the less strain will be placed on the center warp threads. or center portion of the cloth, and the greater driving power will be imparted to the outer edges of the cloth for winding the cloth during the weaving operation and depositing it on the cloth roll. It might be stated that the sand roll 12 is driven in timed relation to the number of picks of the loom as a suitable change of gear mechanism such as shown in Patent Number 1,530,778 of March 24, 1925 is usually employed for driving the sand roll. The sand roll is driven in timed relation to the warp beam as more fully illustrated in Patent No. 727,533 of May 5, 1903.

In Figure 1, the cloth lea is not shown coverin the sand roll, but is shown with some cloth on the take up rod or shaft It for sake of clearness, but in Figures 2 and 3, the cloth is shown as passing over the sand roll and being deposited onto the cloth roll. In Figure 4, the dotted line 20 represents the straight line of filling which is the result of using the concave sand roll as abovedescribed; whereas, in Figure 5, the dotted line 2| represents in an exaggerated degree the line taken by the filling in a loom employing a conventional sand roll or warp roll having the same diameter from end to end.

In Figure 6 I have shown a loom not only equipped with a concave sand roll, but also equipped with a concave warp beam. Satisfactory results can be obtained by use of a conventional beam and a, concave sand roll or a, conventional sand roll and a concave beam, but in some instances, better results can be obtained by using both a concave sand roll and a concave warp beam, because where both are concave, the proper concavity can be divided between the two, and thus better results can be obtained.

In Figures 6, '7, and 8, the loom is shown as being equipped with a warp beam having a round core 25 and head members 26 and 21. This warp beam is usually filled with yarn to dotted line position indicated by 28. The warp beam has spindles 29 and 30 which are adapted to removably fit into suitable warp beam brackets 3i and 32 secured to the side frames of the loom. One of these spindles is connected to a conventional let-off mechanism which is synchronized with the rotation of the take up roll as shown in Patent No. 727,533 of May 5, 1903. The Wasp is led from the warp beam over a supporting rod 35, and then suitable lease rods, not shown, are inserted in the yarn, and sometimes a stop motion is present on the loom between the rod 35 and the harness frames 36. A suitable lay 31 is provided with a reed, not, shown, and with shuttle boxes 38 and 39 at each end thereof. Suitable temples, not shown, are usually employed for en gaging the edges of the cloth after it is woven. The cloth asses over nother rotatably mounted aaraens rod to before it passes over the sand roll G2 to be deposited onto the cloth roll it.

As for the amount oi concavity in the warp roll, this all depends upon the width of the goods, and is generally along the same portions as that described for the sand roll or take-up roll.

A loom equipped with my improved sand roll or warp roll or both will be especially useful in weaving very broad gems such as carpets, rugs, and the like, and, of course, in the weaving of such very broad goods, the concavity would be proportionally greater according to the width of the goods being woven.

The pinion it is fixed on a shaft to which extends outwardly "and has a worm gear t5 fixed thereon. Worm gear ct meshes with a worm d7 fixed on a shaft dd mounted for rotation in brackets $9. The other end of shaft 68 has fixed; thereon a worm at which meshes with a worm gear 55 fixed on the pin or shaft 29 extending from one end of the warp beam 25,

The shaft 6t has fixed thereon a bevel gear 52 which meshes with a bevel gear 53 fixed on, a shaft 56 which is rotatably mounted in the frame of the loom and is operatively connected to a driving mechanism as shown in said Patent No. 727,533.

In the drawings and specification, there has 3 been set forth a; preferred embodiment of the invention, and although specific terms are; employed, they are used in a generic and descriptivesense only and not for purposes of limitetion, the scope of the invention being defined in the claims:

I claim:

1. A loom having a concave warp roll and a concave sand roll, and conventional let-off mechanism for the concave warp roll synchronized with the rotation of the concave sand roll.

2. In a loom having a warp roll and a take-up roll for contacting a cloth roll to wind cloth onto the cloth roll, said warp roll and take-up roll having gradually decreasing diameters from their ends to their central portions, and conventional let-off mechanism for the warp roll synchronized with the rotation of the take-up roll.

3. In a loom having a take-mp roll and a warp beam, both of which have their smallest diamctem at their center portion and vgradually in! crease in diameter towards each end thereof, and conventional let-oil mechanism for the warp roll synchronized with the rotation of the takeup roll. v

FREDERICK GORDON flOBB.

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