US2370331A - Electrical or mechanical dry shaving apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 27, 1945. s L. SUSUNAGA 3 ELECTRICAL OR MECHANICAL DRY SHAVING APPARATUS Filed May24; 1941 s Sheets-Sheet 1 gww Feb. 27, 1945. s, SUSUNAGA 2,370,331

ELECTRICAL OR MECHANICAL DRY SHAVING APPARATUS Filed May 24, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 OOIIOIIIII .a. n

Feb. 27, 1945. s. L. SUSUNAGA ELECTRICAL on MECHANICAL DRY SHAVING APPARATUS Filed May 24, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 inaz Patented Feb. 27, 1945 OFFICE ELECTRICAL on MECHANICAL DRY l SHAVING APPARATUS Salustiano Loinaz Susunaga, San Sebastian,

Spain Application May 24, 1941, Serial No. 395,089

In France June 5, 1940 Claims.

Th present invention relates to dry shaving apparatus.

At present there are a large variety of electric razors for dry shaving, whose interior knives are actuated by an alternating movement, or by a rotary movement, but due to their arrangement and construction they do not permit of a sufficiently rapid nor pleasant shave, nor do they adapt themselves perfectly to the face, neck, and chin. For example, in shaving apparatus whose knives or interior cutting elements have an alternating movement, the headpiece is provided with a large and straight series of cutting teeth arranged parallelly, perpendicularly or diagonally relative to the linear disposition of said series, said teeth being of plane, curved, or oblique shape, and connected in fixed position to the handle of the razor. These teeth are arranged in such a way, that when the cutting head is guided transversely over the face, the teeth follow aline which is parallel to the direction given the razor, whereby the hairs are engaged by the teeth in a direction contrary to their growth, that is, against the grain, and thus penetrate into the grooves or furrows formed between the teeth to be cut on two sides parallel to the direction of travel of the razor where the fixed exterior teeth meet the interior knives, which are likewise arranged in a straight line and operate with an alternating movement. This method of cutting has so far been the best, but it is not sufiiciently rapid and does not adapt itself well for shaving certain parts of the face and neck, viz., below the chin.

There also exist other shaving devices which are moved over the flesh in a direction opposite to the direction of growth of the hairs, the latter V razor (barbers razor) of the typ which require soap or creams to avoid discomfort. Moreover, this type of device does not adapt itself for'shaving certain parts of the face and its method of use is even less rapid than the previous one.

The primary objectives of dry-shaving apparatus are to attain a clean shave, to shave pleasantly and, above all, to shave quickly, and with these ends in view, the present invention aims to bring about a new method of shaving, by applying the cutting head-piece of these apparatus a shape suitable to adaptitself well to the face and neck andprovide these apparatus with certain modifications and improvements which give them a longer life.

To appreciate the difference in results obtained I with this new shaving method, according to the present invention, as compared with the known methods, it must be borne in mind, that in shaving apparatus having cutters operating with alternati'ng' movement, the interior teeth are displaced only twice (to and fro) for each revolution ofthe motor, passing from one tooth to the next on and vice versa, and that, generally, said shaving apparatus have about 35 exterior teeth per series, so that the hairs are susceptible of being cut times for every revolution of the motor.

Th interior knives have a cutting length of about two millimeters, which results in a total cutting length of millimeters per motor revolution. In the case of a shaving apparatus with only one fixed exterior blade and a small helicoidal memher having a maximum of 8 interior cutters, this construction permits, for each motor revolution, assuming a length of 40 millimeters for the fixed cutting blade, 2. cutting length of 320 millimeters. However, it has. already been stated that this cutting method is unsatisfactory. On the other hand, with the shaving apparatus of cylindrical shape, according to the present invention, it is possible to attain the following result: At least 30 teeth can be applied to the face. per row or series, on :the hard and smooth parts, and on the soft parts (cheeks and neck) which are the most nu-v merous, close to 50 teeth may be applied, said teeth being of the same width as the teeth of other shaving apparatus which have only 35 teeth per series. Assuming the lower figure of 30 teeth, and an interior knife of a width of about 2 millimeters, each row or series of exterior teeth can cut thehairs 30 times at each motor revolution, which gives a cutting length of 60 millimeters for each interior knife; It is possible that 18 interior knives, at least, per row of exterior teeth, can come in contact with the 30 exterior teeth at each motor revolution. This represents: 60 millimeters multiplied by 16:960 millimeters of cutting length. Considering that one can apply, for instance 6 rows of teeth and that the number or interior knives may be increased, one can obtain with this system a cutting length per motor revolution which heretofore has never been reached. This is due mainly to the fact that the exterior teeth are provided on an annular surface, which also makes it possible to use a larger number of interior knives to cut the hairs.

A preferred and practical embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a partial top plan view and horizontal section taken on line ll of Fig. 2, showing a cutting head embodying the present improvements.

Figure 2 is a partial vertical cross-section and side elevation taken on the line 2-2 of Figur 1.

Figure 3 is a top plan view and partial horizontal section of a modified form of the invention, taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 4.

Figure 4 is a partial vertical section and side elevation taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is a partial top plan view and horizontal section illustrating another modification of the invention, the same being taken on the line 5-5 of Fi 6.

Figure 6 is a partial vertical section and side elevation taken on the line 5-6 of Figure 5.

Figure '7 is a side elevation of a cutting head and part of the handle of the shaving apparatus according to Figures 3 and 4.

Figures 8, 9 and 10 are each partial vertical sectional and side elevational views each respectively illustrating modified forms of the cutting head.

Figure 11 is a front elevation of one of the interior cutting knives shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 11 is a rear elevation of one of the cutting knives shown in Figures 1', 2, and 11.

Figure 12 is a front elevation of one of the cutting knives shown in Figures 3 and 4.

Figure 12 is a rear elevation of one of the cutting knives shown in Figures 3, 4, and 12.

Figure 13 is a front elevation of one of the double cutting knives shown in Figures 5 and 6.,

, Figure 13 is a side elevation of the cutting knife shown in Figures 5, 6 and 13.

1 Figure 14 is a rear elevation of the double cuttingknife shown in Figure 13.

Figure 14 is a vertical sectional view of one of the blades of the cutting knives shown in Figure 14 looking toward the inturned cutting edges.

Similar reference characters designate correspondingparts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

' The new shaving apparatus forming the subject matter of the present invention, consists, principally in mounting the cutting elements in an external annular member having at least one ring provided with a series of cutting teeth of slight thickness and which extend over the entire length of said ring or parts thereof; in providing cutting teeth, which between each other form grooves for the hairs to enter, transversely, relative to the cylindrical wall of the ring and toward the interior of the head-piece; it also consists in rotating the interior knives parallel to the inner cylindrical surface of the ring, that is, in contact with the interior edges of the exterior teeth. Having provided a device constructed as indicated above and applying part .of the cylindrical piece transversely In addition to the foregoing main feature, the invention consists also in other features, which preferably are madeuse of at the same time, but which may also be utilized separately, as indicated hereafter, amongst which the following characteristic features are important.

A second feature relates to the shape of the curved partof the cylindrical surface of the circle which is applied to the part to be shaved, inasmuch as it is impossible to apply the entire circumference of cylindrical surface to the flesh at the same point of application. Up to the present, all shaving apparatus having exterior series of teeth, have had a fiat active surface, that is, said series extend in a straight line, which is annoying and inconvenient for the purpose of applying them to those parts of the face to be shaved which are not flat, which, obviously, are the more numerous.

This second feature consists in giving to the diameter of the ring such a value that any part or are of the annular or cylindrical surface can be applied to the skin, at least with as great a number of cutting teeth of equal width as the useful cutting teeth of other shaving apparatus which have rectilinearly straight or curved active surfaces, when seen in elevation in a rectangle of corresponding dimensions. In connection with the shaver forming the subject matter of the present invention, if one considers the rectangle seen in elevation and formed by the part which can be applied to the face, the teeth do not follow a straight line, but instead follow a curved line, and as a result all teeth can adapt themselves better to the face, without inconveniencing the person using it, so that it adjusts itself to the hollows formed by the bones of the face and of the neck when the apparatus is applied against the skin. It is also proposed that the secant line formed by the two extreme points of the cylindrical part which can be applied to the skin, be not too distant in its center from said cylindrical part, so that all teeth between those two points may insure the cutting of the hairs.

to the face and against the direction of the hair growth, the exterior teeth follow lines parallel with the direction given to the shaver, so that the hairs are cut when the outer teeth come in contact. with the inner knives, in accordance with two tangent sides andparallel to the direction given to the shaver.

' In this manner, shaving is made more pleasant in the face and neck.

A third feature consists in providing at least one series of cutting teeth on the cylindrical surface, which series may extend over said surface or may be separated by intermediate spaces which can serve to reinforce the rings. Said series may be arranged parallel relative to each other and located in one plane or in different planes.

A fourth feature consists in providing various series of teeth, four for instance, with different teeth and grooves on the cylindrical surface, so as to provide sections of different cut, in order to enable the person using the apparatus to select that section of cutting teeth which he finds most suitable to the nature of the different parts of his beard.

A fifth feature consists in providing the outer teeth of each row in such a way as to be curved exteriorly and interiorly, perpendicular lengthwise or in an exterior plane, that is, in width they have the shape of an arc of little thickness and only in the cutting length.

A sixth feature consists in reinforcing the exterior teeth in their center and toward the interior of the head-piece, so that it is possible to make the teeth extremely fine and that the entire length of reinforced teeth can cut in spite of the presence of the reinforcement. If the teeth are not reinforced, but instead rest on a.

transverse supporting web provided in the length of the series of teeth, they cannot cut at the place where said transverse web, is located, with the result, that the useful surfaceof the shaver to flexible spring-like interior knives, so that the blades constituted by these knives can be connected on one side, by means of intermediate pieces, to the axle of the motor, to serve as driving arms, while the other end is out in the shape of small knives which may be independently bent to give them such a shape as to enable them to be applied against the interior faces of the exterior teeth when said knives turn, actuated by the motor, with continuous or alternating rotary movement. I

"he eighth feature consists in forming the interior cutting teeth in such a way as to comprise at least two sets of teeth, each having at least two rigid knives which adapt themselves to the exterior cutting teeth. Driving arms connected to the motor axle impart to said sets of teeth a continuous or alternating rotating movement, and springs are placed between said sets of knives and teeth, so that the knives can apply themselves better against the interior faces of the exterior teeth.

A ninth feature consists in providing, according to another modification, interior knives in such a manner as to comprise at least one rigid blade or assembled blades, one of Whose ends is provided at least with one knife adapting itself to the exterior cutting teeth,'these blades being arranged in such a way that they can turn with a rotary or alternating movement, with springs or without them by centrifugal force, so that the interior knives adapt themselves to the faces and cutting edges of the exterior teeth.

A tenth feature consists in providing a ring mounted on the motorshaft by'means of two washers, said ring being provided with grooves to enable the interior knives to be inserted into the interior of the exterior cutting ring or rings, the supporting blades being caused to slide from the knives through the grooves of the ring and toward the interior of the ring or rings, said ring and washers serving the purpose of connecting the blades as well as knives to the motor axle.

The eleventh feature consists in providing the outer ring or rings with lateral supports for sup porting theseries of exterior teeth, said supports being, preferably, made integral with the plate which serves to constitute said rings; it also con-, sists in reinforcing the exterior support by giving it a conical shape toward the axis of the rings and providing in its center an opening permitting of connecting the set of interior knives to the motor axle, also enabling the cut hairs to come out of the interior of the cutting head without necessity of dismounting the latter. It also consists in providingthat the interior support can be readily adapted to the handle of the shaver or in providing, advantageously, the

two supports and the exterior ring or rings of a single piece.

A twelfth feature consists in providing a plug or plate fitted to the, central opening of the exterior support, for the purpose of preventing the hairs from falling 'out of the cutting headpiece while the shaving apparatus is in use. Said plug may be provided with a central bearing, a ball bearing, for instance, into which the motor axle may be introduced, so that the same may serve as support for the exterior support of the exterior ring or rings.

A thirteenth feature consists in connecting the a ring, provided with exterior-teeth, to the handle of the shaver by means of notches arranged in the lateral support and interior of the ring; other notches corresponding tothe projections of said support are provided vin a washer connected to the handle of the shaver by means of screws, and also in providing a plate applied against said washer and which plate is pushed by other screws against the washer so that the support and consequently the exterior ring or rings maybe set after having previously been dis-. placed, in order to prevent said notches and said projections from coinciding.

According to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, the shaving apparatus comprises a cutting head of hollow annular form designated generally as H, and made of metal or other suitable material, and a handle K made of molded plastic material, wood or the like, and whichis intended to house an electric'motor (not shown), or .its equivalent, for imparting continuous or oscillating movement to an axle or shaft L- 1 The said head piece H is preferably composed of a single piece of material including aside wall 2 and a top wall 3, and has-its. side wall formed with one or more annular faces or rings 2 2 and 2 each of which is provided with :a series of slots or. other openings, which constitute comb-like teeth for receiving the'beard or hair. As will be apparent from Figure 2, for example, the bottom of the head, that is, the side opposite the top wall.3, is formed so as to be open for assembly purposes, as will later appear, but is normally closed by the disc 4, or an equivalent member, when the device is complete. Grooves 5 in the side Wall 2 serve not only to reinforce the same-but also define and space the rings 2 2 and 2 and the slots or openings 6, i, 8 of the rings may partake of .various forms, -For example, the slots or openings 6 in the ring section 2 may extend substantially across the ex posed annular face of the ring, while the slots 1 of the ring section 2 may consist of a plurality of parallel slots which are medially interrupted by a continuous intersecting slot 1 On, the other hand, the slots or openin s 8 of the ring 2 may. be formed by rows of slots or openings separated by an intervening continuous web. ofmaterial 8. In all cases, the slots or openings in each of the ring sections serveas a comb which is pressedagainst the flesh to receive the hairs to be cut. Therefore, the rings and the slots or openings, in whatever form they may take, constitute one element of a shear or cutter operating in conjunction with motor-driven cutting means, which may assume different forms according to the particular embodiments of the invention to be later described.

The rows of circular or curved teeth, one or more in number, are so arranged'that the corresponding teeth in the several rows lie in the same vertical plane AA, as indicated in Figures 2 and 8. On the other hand, they may be arranged oblique to said plane, as illustrated in Figures 4, 7 and 10, or they may be staggered or stepped relative to said .plane as in Figures 6 and-9.

In the cylindrical surface of each ring, at least one series of teeth is provided; This series maybe extendedthroughout the entire periphery of the annular surface (Figure 1), or may be arranged to cover only a portion or section of said surface as indicated in Figures 6 and'lx The cutting teeth forming the comb-like portions of the rings are cut consecutively according to the radius of the rings (Figure l) or else according to a radius having an axis other than that of the rings (Figure 3), or, in other words, in directions parallel to the exact radius ofthe ring.

If desired, the rings in which the teeth are formed may be internally reinforced as indicated at 9 by suitable beading or equivalent reinforcement.

Before proceeding to a description of the cutting means which cooperate with the slots or openings forming the comb-like teeth, it may be noted that the bottom edge of the side wall 2 is flanged inwardly as indicated at 2 (Figures 2 and 5) and is notched or recessed at spaced intervals 2 to provide clearance for the insertion of the cutting knives during assembly, and also to provide, in the case of Figure 2, convenient means for inserting the bottom wall or disc 4 whose flanged periphery is provided with a plurality of outwardly projecting spaced ears 4 which correspond with the notches, so that, during assembly, the projections or ears and notches may be brought first into registration and then the disc may be rotated slightly to lock the projections behind the flanged portion 2 so that the disc may then serve not only as a closure means for the bottom of the head but also a base for connecting the head to the handle, as.

will later appear.

Referring now to the knives or cutting elements and the manner of assembling them in the head before the bottom cover 4 or itsequivalent is placed in position, it may be pointed out that a circular clamping ring In having radial grooves II may be inserted in the hollow head, together with a washer I2 having at its outer edge an annular offset flange I3, said washer being secured to the ring I by the screws I4. The shanks I of the resilient blades which carry the knives or knife edges It may be then inserted into the radial grooves II so that the notches I5 of the shanks I 5 engage with the offset'flange I3 of the washer I2. In other words, the knives I5-I6 are placed within the head from the open bottom so that the knife portions I6 become properly located relative to the respective ring sections 2 2 and 2 while the shanks or arm portions I5 rest in the radial grooves II and become interlocked with the washer I2 through the medium of the flange I3. When all of the knives I5-I6 have thus been placed in the ring I0, a-second washer I 2 also having a circular offset peripheral flange I3 may be secured to the ring I0 by the screws Hi. When the washer I2 is placed in position, the flange I3 thereof engages in the notches I5 located at the edge of the shank arm I5 opposite that engaged by the flange l3. Thus, it will be apparent that the knives may be securely locked or held in their proper relative positions in the ring III by virtue of the radial grooves II and the washers I2 and I2 having the flanges I3 and I3 respectively cooperating with the notches I5 of the shank arms.

The knives or cutter elements I5-I 6 are shown in Fig. 2 as having the blade I 6 made up of a plurality of fingers or tines formed at their tips with cutting edges.

The ring or cutter element supporting means I0 is provided with a square central hole registering with the square holes I I of the washers I2 and I2 for receiving the square portion I8 of the shaft or axle I, which may now be inserted into the ring. It will, of course, be understood that the shaft or axle l is mounted in the handle K, and after the supportl has been interlocked with the head through the medium of its peripheral projections engaging behind the flange 2 of the head, the plate I9, also carried by the handle and having the flange 20 for engaging with the exposed face of the flange 2' of the head, may be secured together or locked into position by the screws or other fastenings 2I. The shaft I, beyond the square portion I8 is reduced in diameter and threaded to receive a nut 25 which may be inserted througha central opening in the top wall 3 of the head Hi. When the nut 25 is screwed to seated position on the shaft I, it will be understood that the knife assembly including the ring I0 and washers I2 and I3 are thus rigidly locked to the motor shaft so that the knives will rotate under power supplied through said shaft.

The end of the shaft I beyond the threaded portion which receives the nut 25 is further reduced in diameter as indicated at 26 to enter the central bore of aplug 21 which is frictionally fitted in a central flanged opening of the top wall 3 of the head I'I. The plug 21 not only forms a bearing for the upper extremity of the shaft I, but also constitutes a removable cover which permits of emptying the cut hairs from the interior of the head, when removed from its normal position.

The same general structural features are to be found in Figures 3 and 4. The principal departure in these figures from the construction shown in Figure 1 resides in a different arrangement of the cutting rings 2 2 and 2 in the respect that the said rings are not separated by the grooves 5 and are in planes disposed at different radial distances from the shaft axis I, as will be apparent from the line B-B. The cutting knives are modified accordingly to suit this arrangement of rings of comb-like teeth. That is to say, the interior knives 28 are constituted by double or triple sets of knife edges provided on a single body piece having offset cutting teeth 29 separated by intermediate spaces 30. The said teeth 29 are spring-urged into contact with the inner face of the teeth of the rings 2 2 and 2 and are interlocked 'with'the outer ends of the arms 3 I, which fit into appropriate channels 32 in the rear face of each knife body 28. The arms 3| are assembled to the ring I0 and washers I2 and l3 in the same manner as the knife arms in Fig: ures I and 2. The shanks of said arms 3I, however, are medially cut away at their forward ends as shown in Figure 4, so that in effect, only the upper and lower edges of the arm engage in the channels 32. The purpose of so cutting away the forward ends of the arms 3| is to receive the leafspring devices 33 which cooperate with the shanks of the arms 3I to urge the knives 28 toward the inner faces of the cutting rings. As will be apparent from Figure 3, the springs 33 are of substantially w-shape formation and have their intermediate saddle portions engaging the transverse edge of the cut-away portion of the arm, while the wings of the springs through their free ends turned inwardly in bow-like fashion engage the rear faces of the knife bodies 28 at each side of the channels 32. Thus, the spring arms of the w-shaped formation engage the knives on both sides of the arms and equally urge or press the cutting edges 28 of the knife elements toward the inner faces of the rings. Moreover, in Figures 3 and 4 the head H is connected with the handle K in a somewhat different manner than thatshown in Figures 1 and 2.

That is to say, the handle is provided with a. plate portion l9 which is intended to fit within the flanged skirt portion 2 of the bottom wall of the head, the said skirt portion being aflixed or secured to the plate l9 by the fastenings 34, which interlock with the inclinedslots 35 in the skirt 2. In other words, the head is connected to the plate l9 by a suitable bayonet-type joint, as clearly shown in Figure 7.

Figures and 6 illustrate another modification in which the previously described features of the head H are preserved as well as the general manner of assembling the knives in the head. Th rings 2 2 and 2 are separated by grooves which are not as wide as the grooves 5 in Figure 2, and Figure 6 further illustrates the various types of teeth or openings which may be formed in said rings. In Figure 6, all of the rings lie in the same vertical plane radially distant with respect to the axle l. The means for holding the knives or cutters and the cutters themselves are different from that heretofore described. For example, the knives may be constituted by single blades 31 or by two blades 31 joined together. In connection with the latter, note also Figures 5 and 13-14% where the two blades are joined in the shape of a T whose head portion carries rigid teeth 38 at the ends thereof. The shanks of either the single blade 31 or the double blade 31 are inserted in the slots or openings 39 provided in inner and outer ring members 40 and 40 which are secured to the arms 4| of the spider-like washer elements 42 held to a central ring ill by the screws 43. The slotted rings 4|) and w are transversely of channel-shaped formation with slots cut in the webs and portions of the side flanges thereof, the said side flanges being rigidly clamped between the arms 4| to hold them in properly radially spaced relation.

In assembling the knives according to Figures 5 and 6 the shanks thereof may be placed in the slots 39 of the members 40 and ill before the rings are inserted in the head, due to thefact that the shanks of the knives 31 are relatively short in radial length and their inner ends are engaged by an annular spring ring 44. This spring ring is intended to urge the blades 31 and 37 having the rigid teeth 38 toward the inner face of the rings 2 2 and 2 when in use. On the other hand, during assembly, each of -the knives may be pushed lengthwise inwardly into the! members 40 and 40 against the pressure of the spring M so that the cutting teeth 38 may be retracted sufficiently to clear the opening in the bottom flange 2 t the head and also properly seat in the grooves formed at the inner faces of the rings. The head H of the construction shown in Figures 5 and 6 may be attached to the handle K in the same manner as described in Figures 1 and 2.

Figures 11 to 13 inclusive are detail views of the interior knives previously described and do not require any detail complementary explanation.

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the present invention is primarily directed to a round or annular cutting head having one or more peripheral ring surfaces which may be provided with similar or different slots which form comb-like cutting teeth. These teeth are intended to cooperate with cutting devices or knives mounted on an axle or shaft concentric with the rings and said knives may be of a type which will efficiently cut when given a rotary or oscillating movement. For example, Figures 1, 2, 5 and 6 illustrate knives which are particularly eflicient under rotary movement, while the knives of Figures 3 and 4 are adapted for either rotary or oscillating movement. In all cases the cutting edge or face or each knife is naturally slightly wider than the width of the slots or openings constituting the comb-like teeth, so that when the knives move, they will effectively cooperate with the teeth to form shearing edges for cutting hair. i

It will, of course, be understood that various modifications and mechanical expedients may be resorted to without departing from the spirit of the invention and scope of the appended claims.

I claim: a

1. A dry shaving apparatus including an annular hollow head, including a top wall and a peripheral wall provided with a series of comblike teeth, a bottom wall for said head, a handle associated with said bottom wall, a drive shaft in the handle extending into said hollow head, annular means carried by said shaft and having radial slots, cutting elements having shank portions insertable in said slots, and means for looking and holding said shanks in' said annular means, said means comprising notches in the shanks of the cutting elements and flanged members associated with said annular slotted means for cooperating with said notches.

2. A dry shaving apparatus including an annular hollow head, including a top wall and a peripheral wall provided with aseries of openings constituting comb-like teeth, a bottom wall for said. head, a handle associated with said bottom wall, a drive shaft in the handle extending into said hollow head, annular cutting element supporting means carried 'by said shaft, saidmeans comprising an annular member fitted to said shaft and having radial slots, cutting elements including shank portions formed with notches in opposite edges thereof and having resilient blade portions disposed at an angle thereto and having knife edges for engaging the inner face of the comb-like teeth, a pair of washers having peripheral inturned flanges for engaging with the notches in the shanks of the blades, and fastenings for securing the washers to said annular supporting means.

3. A dry shaving apparatus including an annular hollow head, including a top wall and a peripheral wall provided with a series of openings constituting comb-like teeth, a bottom wall for said head; a handle associated with said bottom wall, a drive shaft in the handle extending into said hollow head, annular cutter element supporting means carried by said shaft,

1 said means including an annular radially slotted member fixed to rotate with said shaft, cutter elements each including a knife body and shank member having notches in opposite edges thereof, said knife body including cutting teeth on one face thereof for engaging the inner face of the comb-like teeth and a slot at the rear face thereof for engaging the forward end of the said shank member, a spring carried by each shank member and engaging the rear face of the knife body for urging the same outwardly toward the interior face of the comb-like teeth, washers having inturned flanges engaging in said notches, and means for securing said washers to said radially slotted member.

4. A dry shaving apparatus including an annular hollow head, including a top wall and a peripheral wall provided with a series of open ings constituting comb-like teeth, a bottom wall for said head, a handle associated with said bottom wall, a drive shaft in the handle extending into said hollow head, annular cutter element supporting means carried by said shaft, said means including an annular member fixed to rotate with said shaft, concentric slotted rings, spider-like washer members having arms for clamping said slotted rings. in spaced concentric relation, means for securing said spider-like members to said annular member, knife elements having shank portions fitting into the slots of said concentric ring members, and an annular spring within the innermost concentric slotted ring for engaging the inner ends of the shanks of the knife elements thereby to press said elements outwardly toward the inner surface of the comb-like ring.

5. In a dry shaver, an annular head having a ring provided with comb-like teeth, a driven shaft disposed axially of said head, cutter holding means connected to said shaft, and cutting knives detachably connected to said cutter holding means, said: cutting knives comprising a shank and an angularly disposed blade provided at its extremity with oflset cutting edges for engaging the interior surface of the comb-like ring.

6. In a dry shaver, an annular head having a plurality of rings, each ring provided with comblike teeth, a driven shaft disposed axially of said head, cutter holding means connected to said shaft, and cutting knives detachably connected to said cutter holding means, said cutting knives including a solid shank portion and a plurality of resilient tines each formed with cut ting edges at the tips thereof for engaging the interior of each comb-like ring.

7. A dry-shaving apparatus including an annular head having a peripheral wallprovided with a plurality of rings, each of said rings having openings therein forming comb-like teeth, the outer faces of said rings being stepped inplanes oblique to the longitudinal axis of said head.

8. A dry-shaving apparatus including an annular hollow head provided with an integral top wall having an opening and a peripheral wall provided with comb-like teeth, said head also having an open bottom wall, means for closing said bottom wall, a handle associated with said bottom wall, a drive shaft in the handle extending into the head, cutter means within the head, means for holding said cutter means to the shaft, and aremovable clean-out plug for the Opening in the top wall of the head, said plug having a central bore to provide a, journal for the end of the shaft which extends into the head.

9. In a dry shaver, an annular head having a ring of comb-like teeth, a drive shaft disposed axially of said head, cutter holding means connected to said shaft, and cutting means cooperable with said teeth for shearing action, said cutting means including a shank having its inner end anchored in said holding means and a knife body in the form of a block arranged transversely to said shaft and slotted on its rear face to interlock with the outer end of the shank while its outer face is provided with a plurality of cutting edges, and spring means between the shank and knife body for urging the latter toward the inner side of the comb-like ring.

10. A dry shaving apparatus, including, an annular head comprising an integral top and side wall, said side wall provided with a plurality of apertured rings, a bottom closure wal1 for said wardly from the base of the head and lying in head having a handle, means for securing the bottom closure wall to the lower part of the side wall, a drive shaft in the handle extending into said head, a radially slotted support carried by said shaft, multi-bladed cutting elements cooperating with related apertured rings and each having common shank portions fitted in said radia1 slotted support, a means on the support for detachably locking and holding said shank portions in the support.

' SALUSTIANO LOINAZ SUSUNAGA.

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