US2369484A - Method and apparatus for making film - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for making film Download PDF

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Publication number
US2369484A
US2369484A US481341A US48134143A US2369484A US 2369484 A US2369484 A US 2369484A US 481341 A US481341 A US 481341A US 48134143 A US48134143 A US 48134143A US 2369484 A US2369484 A US 2369484A
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United States
Prior art keywords
dope
solvent
film
solution
casting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US481341A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gale F Nadeau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
Priority to FR964815D priority Critical patent/FR964815A/fr
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US481341A priority patent/US2369484A/en
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Publication of US2369484A publication Critical patent/US2369484A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88—Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911—Cooling
    • B29C48/9135—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • B29C48/915—Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means with means for improving the adhesion to the supporting means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the art of making film base or sheeting by coating solu tions of cellulosic material onto a smooth moving surface, such as a belt or wheel, and more particularly to an improved process for maintaining the proper conditions at the beginning of the coating operation and to an improved type of apparatus for accomplishing this result.
  • cellulosic film or sheeting is formed by spreading a thin coating of the desired material, generally a solution of a cellulosic ester, such as cellulose nitrate or cellulose nitrate in suitable solvents, onto an approprlate surface and permitting or causing the solvent to evaporate therefrom.
  • the method usually employed consists of feeding the solution or dope from an appropriate feeding device onto the polished metallic surface of a slowly rotating wheel or drum. The solvent evaporates from the film more or less progressively as the wheel turns. In less than a complete revolution sufilcient solvent has been removed from the film base or sheeting so that it can be stripped from the wheel and conveyed to a wind-up or carried over other rolls or drums for a curing treatment.
  • the device usually employed for feeding the solution to the casting wheel comprises a V- shaped hopper provided with spaced apart blades mounted at an angle to one another at the apex of the V to form a coating slot.
  • a V- shaped hopper provided with spaced apart blades mounted at an angle to one another at the apex of the V to form a coating slot.
  • blades are adjustable with respect to the other so as to provide a means of controlling the thickness of the dope stream and, therefore, the sheet being formed.
  • Such hoppers are very satisfactory for coating many kinds of cellulosic solutions.
  • a gel dope from such a hopper onto a cold wheel, 1. e., one which is maintained below the gelation temperature of the dope, in place of a hot wheel, various unforeseen difficulties arose,
  • Some of the incompatibilities associated with the idea of coating a warm dope of thischaracter on a cold casting surface have capable of setting to a rigid gel at a temperature of approximately 75 F. The temperature of the coating surface is maintained at approximately 60 F., thus permitting the dope to gel immedidiately upon contacting the coating surface.
  • One particular gel dope which the present invention is adapted to coat may be formed by dissolving at elevated or moderately elevated temperatures certain cellulose organic acid esters such as cellulose acetate and the like in a solvent mixture, consisting of propylene chloride and ethylene chloride or propylene chloride and a lower aliphatic alcohol such as methyl alcohol to give solutions or dopes which are susceptible of gelation by a rapid lowering of temperature.
  • a solvent mixture consisting of propylene chloride and ethylene chloride or propylene chloride and a lower aliphatic alcohol such as methyl alcohol
  • One object of the present invention is the provision of a method of making film or sheeting by feeding a flowable cellulose derivative solution onto a casting surface which has a temperature lower than the solution by means of which the formation of "dope pits in the surface of the film or sheet engaging the casting surface is greatly reduced, or entirely eliminated, by the elimination of the formation of droplets of solvent on the film coating surface before it is contacted by the solution.
  • Another object of the present invention is the provision of apparatus for carrying out my improved method of making film. base or sheeting.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional end view of the coating apparatus constructed in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention and for carrying out my novel method of coating film and sheeting,
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken'substantially on line 2-2 of Fig. 1, and,
  • Fig. 3 is a partial sectional end view of hopper and associated baiiie, and showing how the baille.
  • the condenser tube may be constructed to house the condenser tube to constitute a trough forthe condensate.
  • the formation of the fog at the interface between the stream of dope and surface of the casting wheel can be greatly reduced, if not eliminated, by bringing about a condensation of the solvent'vapor at a point spaced from this interface, and conducting the condensate from the area in question.
  • a double walled coatinghopper I I having outside walls Ii and i2 and inside walls It and i4.
  • the space ll between the double walls may be employed as a heating chamber for the coating solution, if desired.
  • .At the apex of the slanting walls and II there is a slot it through which the coating solution flows to the casting surface i1, preferably a wheehwhich is capable of being moved past said slot by means not shown.
  • blades 25. and 28 are positioned on the walls It and I4, respectlvely.- As shown in Fig. 1, blade 25 is fixedly attached to wall it by screws 21, while blade 26 is movably mounted on wall II and can be movedtowards or away from the blade .25 by meansof adjusting screws 21' which engage membersv 29 mounted on wall.
  • the'width ofthe coating slot 30 may be adjusted to give a flow of solution from the hopper-of desired thick- JESS.
  • the-casting surface vlI- is preferably mountedsome distance from the discharge slot Ill so that there is a substantially long dope stream between the hopper. and the surface.
  • the closur of this space may be accomplished by .baiiles 28 extending from the bottom of the hop per to points adjacent the casting wheel.
  • the ends of this space maybe enclosed by end bafies 28' and 29' extending from the bottom of the hopper to points adjacent and below the casting surface and connecting the side bailies 283 as clearly illustrated in Fig. 2.
  • the bafies 2! which extend across the width of'the casting wheel are spaced from the wheel only enough to permit the free passage of the wheel therebeneath with and without the film deposited thereon, as shown.
  • the formation of fog at the surface of the casting'wheel approaching the dope stream, and the formation of droplets of solvent thereon is greatly reduced, if not eliminated, by incorporating a metal condenser surface in the enclosed space at a point spaced from the exposed casting surface within the enclosed space and maintaining the temperature 'of the condenser surface at a temperature below the temperature of the casting surface.
  • the metal condenser surface may comprise a cooling coil 3
  • the condenser II is preferably situated in the enclosed space to the right of the dope stream,
  • Fig. 311 havezshowna second embodiment of the apparatus 'whereinone-of the babies 28, preferably theone to theright of the dope stream, is designedito enclose the condenser tube ll and constitute a trough for carrying away the condensate
  • the baffle 35 may be provided with a recess 38 extending throughout its length and within which the condenser tube suspended inany suitable manner.
  • the recess 30 is placed in communication with the enclosed space by a slot 81 situated at the top of'the recess so that the solvent vapor can reach the condenser tube and the bottom of the recess-will constitute a trough It to collect the condensate C dropping from the tube.
  • the bottom of the trough 38 may be inclined towards one or both ends of the hopper sothat the condensate may be drawn of!.
  • the following simple experiment is indicative of the manner in which the rate of condensation on a surface can be influenced by a surface of a different temperature in the same area, and serves to clearly point out the theory on which the present invention is based.
  • About 500 cc. of ethylene dichloride were placed in a 2000 cc.- beaker and two test tubes were held in the vapor space above the solvent. Ice water was added to one test tube and cold water was added to the second.
  • the rate of condensation of the vapor on the warmer tube was observed by' measuring the time required for a drop to form and fall from the tube. This rate was first measured with the warmer tube only, and then the cold tube was immersed in the vapor and its effect on the rate of condensation on the warmer tube was noted.
  • the following data show a gradual increase in the time of drop formation due to a gradual increase in the temperature of the tube. They do show, however, very conclusively that the rate of drop formation on the warmer tube is greatly affected by the presence of the cold tube.
  • a fiowable cellulose derivative solution In from a fiowable cellulose derivative solution the combination with a reservoir for the solution and having a discharge orifice through which the solution is adapted to flow, a movable film forming surface spaced from, and in alignment with, said discharge orifice, onto which the solution emerging from said orifice is deposited, means fixed to said reservoir on opposite sides of said orifice and extending toward said film forming surface to provide a substantially enclosed space between the reservoir and the film forming surface including said orifice and a length of the film forming surface, of a condenser located in said enclosed space in spaced relation to said film forming surface for condensing the solvent vapor confined therein, and means for collecting the condensate and conducting it from said enclosed space.
  • a film or sheeting making apparatus accordan apparatus for making film or sheeting ing to claim 4, in which the condenser is a surface extending substantially the fulllength of the discharge orifice and includes means for cooling we surface to, and maintaining it at, a temperature below that of the film forming surface.
  • a film or sheet making apparatus in which the condenser is a surface extending substantially the full length of the discharge orifice and includes means for cooling said surface to, and maintaining it at, a temperature below that of the film forming surface, and the condensate collecting and conducting means comprises a conduit concentric with said surface and spaced therefrom, and including openings through which the solvent vapor has access to the surface of the condenser but through which the condensate will not flow, said conduit inclined so that the condensate wiliiiow therealong and out of said enclosed space.
  • hopper for the solution slot-through which the solution is adapted to fiow, a movable film forming surface spaced from said discharge orifice ontowhich the solution emerging from said orifice is deposited, baiiies fixed to the hopper in surrounding relationship to said discharge orifice and extending toward and adjacent to said film forming surface to provide and having a discharge a substantially enclosed space in which a length GALE F. NADEAU.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
US481341A 1943-03-31 1943-03-31 Method and apparatus for making film Expired - Lifetime US2369484A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR964815D FR964815A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1943-03-31
US481341A US2369484A (en) 1943-03-31 1943-03-31 Method and apparatus for making film

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US481341A US2369484A (en) 1943-03-31 1943-03-31 Method and apparatus for making film

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US2369484A true US2369484A (en) 1945-02-13

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Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2468233A (en) * 1945-06-28 1949-04-26 Celanese Corp Process of preparing casting solutions
US2485373A (en) * 1946-03-29 1949-10-18 Rainfair Inc Apparatus for hooding or capping bottles
US2681294A (en) * 1951-08-23 1954-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating strip material
US2714745A (en) * 1951-08-23 1955-08-09 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for manufacturing sheeting
US2795207A (en) * 1954-08-10 1957-06-11 Marco Company Inc Apparatus for coating fabrics
US2874407A (en) * 1955-11-25 1959-02-24 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Latex slab making apparatus
US2878521A (en) * 1953-11-03 1959-03-24 Eastman Kodak Co Method of manufacturing sheeting material
US2963742A (en) * 1957-03-18 1960-12-13 Dow Chemical Co Film tube guide
US3032817A (en) * 1959-09-17 1962-05-08 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for prevention of slug formation in the casting of film support and sheeting
US3112528A (en) * 1960-12-27 1963-12-03 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for prevention of slug formation in the casting of film support and sheeting
US3249468A (en) * 1961-02-17 1966-05-03 Bahlsen Werner Device for caramelizing sugar
US5393476A (en) * 1991-09-30 1995-02-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for producing cellulose ester film
US5529737A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Process for making cellulose triacetate photographic film base
US5626919A (en) * 1990-03-01 1997-05-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Solid imaging apparatus and method with coating station

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1269546C2 (de) * 1963-09-20 1974-11-14 Maschine zum aufbringen eines aus einem giesskopf austretenden fluessigkeitsfilmes

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2468233A (en) * 1945-06-28 1949-04-26 Celanese Corp Process of preparing casting solutions
US2485373A (en) * 1946-03-29 1949-10-18 Rainfair Inc Apparatus for hooding or capping bottles
US2681294A (en) * 1951-08-23 1954-06-15 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating strip material
US2714745A (en) * 1951-08-23 1955-08-09 Eastman Kodak Co Apparatus for manufacturing sheeting
US2878521A (en) * 1953-11-03 1959-03-24 Eastman Kodak Co Method of manufacturing sheeting material
US2795207A (en) * 1954-08-10 1957-06-11 Marco Company Inc Apparatus for coating fabrics
US2874407A (en) * 1955-11-25 1959-02-24 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co Latex slab making apparatus
US2963742A (en) * 1957-03-18 1960-12-13 Dow Chemical Co Film tube guide
US3032817A (en) * 1959-09-17 1962-05-08 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for prevention of slug formation in the casting of film support and sheeting
US3112528A (en) * 1960-12-27 1963-12-03 Eastman Kodak Co Method and apparatus for prevention of slug formation in the casting of film support and sheeting
US3249468A (en) * 1961-02-17 1966-05-03 Bahlsen Werner Device for caramelizing sugar
US5626919A (en) * 1990-03-01 1997-05-06 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Solid imaging apparatus and method with coating station
US6733267B2 (en) 1990-03-01 2004-05-11 Dsm Desotech, Inc. Solid imaging apparatus and method with coating station
US20050013890A1 (en) * 1990-03-01 2005-01-20 Dsm Desotech, Inc. Solid imaging apparatus and method with coating station
US5393476A (en) * 1991-09-30 1995-02-28 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Method for producing cellulose ester film
US5529737A (en) * 1994-09-16 1996-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Process for making cellulose triacetate photographic film base

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Publication number Publication date
FR964815A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1950-08-25

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