US2369146A - Metal insert for vacuum-tight sealing - Google Patents
Metal insert for vacuum-tight sealing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2369146A US2369146A US358476A US35847640A US2369146A US 2369146 A US2369146 A US 2369146A US 358476 A US358476 A US 358476A US 35847640 A US35847640 A US 35847640A US 2369146 A US2369146 A US 2369146A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- metal
- alloy
- vacuum
- percent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 25
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 27
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000830 fernico Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100348017 Drosophila melanogaster Nazo gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 Fernichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002058 ternary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/04—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
- C03C27/042—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C03C27/046—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts of metals, metal oxides or metal salts only
Definitions
- seal employs a glass having the following com- 1 Claim.
- This invention relates to special alloy metals and more particularly to metal inserts for providing a vacuum-tight seal to. glass.
- a principal object of theinvention is to provide a special alloy which is capable of forming a satisfactory vacuum-tight seal with soft glass.
- Another object is to provide a metal insert for vacuum-tight sealing to soft grades of glass, and the metal is of a special alloy which is relatively cheap to manufacture and is capable of easy working such as rolling, swaging, bending and the like, the metal being directly sealed to the glass so as to form therewith aunitary rigid body.
- the thermal expansion curves of the alloy and glass should match over the temperature range of the glass up to softening point thereof and the metal is Wetted by the glass, that is, the metal oxide dissolves partly in the glass.
- the oxide layer on the metal mustadhere tenaciously to the metal core.
- a protective oxide layer must be formed on the metal core by pre-oxidation, so as to prevent the formation of a flaky oxide during subsequent heating of the alloy, for example the heat encountered in sealing the alloy into glass.
- the alloy consists of approximately 42 percent nickel; 4
- the alloy can be annealed at a temperature of 1000 C. so as to render it duc- *tile. Furthermore, by pre-oxidiaing the alloy at a temperature of about 1300 C. in a suitable atmosphere, for example an atmosphere of moist Hz, a tightly adherent chromium oxide layer is formed on the exterior surface, which oxide facilitates wetting by the molten glass and the formation of a, vacuum-tight bond or weld upon subsequent cooling.
- a suitable atmosphere for example an atmosphere of moist Hz
- a tightly adherent chromium oxide layer is formed on the exterior surface, which oxide facilitates wetting by the molten glass and the formation of a, vacuum-tight bond or weld upon subsequent cooling.
- the equiv alent elongation can be calculated and is represented by the section 4b -of the curve.
- Curve No. 1 represents the expansion characteristics upon heating and cooling of an alloy of the above mentioned composition containing approximately 42 percent nickel; 4 to 8 percent chromium, the balance being iron with a small percentage of manganese. It will be seen that this alloy matches quite closely the characteristics of the glass. I have found that the match is sumciently close to enable the manufacture of satisfactory radio tube headers of the type disclosed in said U. S. Patent No. 2,238,025. which are free from undesirable strain around the prongs, up to the softening point of the glass, with the result that the vacuum-tight character of the seal remains permanent.
- Curve No. 2 shows the expansion characteristic of an alloy consisting of 42 percent nickel; 8 to 12 percent chromium, and the balance iron.
- curve No. 3 illustrates the expansion characteristics of an alloy consisting of 42 percent nickel and the balance iron
- the total impurities including the manganese should not appreciably exceed 0.885 percent with the carbon impurities not appreciably greater than 0.15. percent.
- the alloy in addition to containing the iron, chromium, nickel, aluminum, manganese constituents as described above contained the following impurities having negligible eifect on the desirable properties of the alloy.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US358476A US2369146A (en) | 1940-09-26 | 1940-09-26 | Metal insert for vacuum-tight sealing |
| FR955411D FR955411A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1940-09-26 | 1947-08-08 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US358476A US2369146A (en) | 1940-09-26 | 1940-09-26 | Metal insert for vacuum-tight sealing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2369146A true US2369146A (en) | 1945-02-13 |
Family
ID=23409807
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US358476A Expired - Lifetime US2369146A (en) | 1940-09-26 | 1940-09-26 | Metal insert for vacuum-tight sealing |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2369146A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR955411A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2442223A (en) * | 1944-09-22 | 1948-05-25 | Gen Electric | Method of improving the corrosion resistance of chromium alloys |
| US2465105A (en) * | 1946-04-12 | 1949-03-22 | Philips Lab Inc | Oxide insulating coating for nickel chromium resistance wire |
| US2513241A (en) * | 1943-03-10 | 1950-06-27 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Nonemitting electrode for electric discharge tubes |
| US2519127A (en) * | 1945-04-23 | 1950-08-15 | American Steel & Wire Co | Method of drawing stainless steel wire |
| US2677877A (en) * | 1948-04-30 | 1954-05-11 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Glass to metal seal and parts thereof and method of making same |
| US2703296A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | 1955-03-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Method of producing a semiconductor element |
| US2818360A (en) * | 1952-03-19 | 1957-12-31 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Method for the aluminum cladding of ferrous base metal and product thereof |
| US2949390A (en) * | 1957-08-07 | 1960-08-16 | Harold M Feder | Method of protecting tantalum crucibles against reaction with molten uranium |
| US20100119740A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-05-13 | Electronics Packaging Solutions, Inc. | Glass-to-metal bond structure |
| US9328512B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2016-05-03 | Eversealed Windows, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an insulating glazing unit and compliant seal for an insulating glazing unit |
| US9540863B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2017-01-10 | Eversealed Windows, Inc. | Multi-pane glass unit having seal with adhesive and gas-restrictive coating layer |
| US9546513B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-01-17 | Eversealed Windows, Inc. | Edge seal assemblies for hermetic insulating glass units and vacuum insulating glass units |
-
1940
- 1940-09-26 US US358476A patent/US2369146A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1947
- 1947-08-08 FR FR955411D patent/FR955411A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2513241A (en) * | 1943-03-10 | 1950-06-27 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Nonemitting electrode for electric discharge tubes |
| US2442223A (en) * | 1944-09-22 | 1948-05-25 | Gen Electric | Method of improving the corrosion resistance of chromium alloys |
| US2519127A (en) * | 1945-04-23 | 1950-08-15 | American Steel & Wire Co | Method of drawing stainless steel wire |
| US2465105A (en) * | 1946-04-12 | 1949-03-22 | Philips Lab Inc | Oxide insulating coating for nickel chromium resistance wire |
| US2677877A (en) * | 1948-04-30 | 1954-05-11 | Cutler Hammer Inc | Glass to metal seal and parts thereof and method of making same |
| US2703296A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | 1955-03-01 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Method of producing a semiconductor element |
| US2818360A (en) * | 1952-03-19 | 1957-12-31 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp | Method for the aluminum cladding of ferrous base metal and product thereof |
| US2949390A (en) * | 1957-08-07 | 1960-08-16 | Harold M Feder | Method of protecting tantalum crucibles against reaction with molten uranium |
| US20100119740A1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2010-05-13 | Electronics Packaging Solutions, Inc. | Glass-to-metal bond structure |
| US9540863B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 | 2017-01-10 | Eversealed Windows, Inc. | Multi-pane glass unit having seal with adhesive and gas-restrictive coating layer |
| US9328512B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2016-05-03 | Eversealed Windows, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an insulating glazing unit and compliant seal for an insulating glazing unit |
| US10119327B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2018-11-06 | Astravac Glass, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an insulating glazing unit and compliant seal for an insulating glazing unit |
| US11035168B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2021-06-15 | Astravac Glass, Inc. | Method and apparatus for an insulating glazing unit and compliant seal for an insulating glazing unit |
| US9546513B2 (en) | 2013-10-18 | 2017-01-17 | Eversealed Windows, Inc. | Edge seal assemblies for hermetic insulating glass units and vacuum insulating glass units |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR955411A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1950-01-14 |
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