US2367549A - Photographic silver halide emulsions - Google Patents

Photographic silver halide emulsions Download PDF

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Publication number
US2367549A
US2367549A US418951A US41895141A US2367549A US 2367549 A US2367549 A US 2367549A US 418951 A US418951 A US 418951A US 41895141 A US41895141 A US 41895141A US 2367549 A US2367549 A US 2367549A
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United States
Prior art keywords
emulsion
amino
silver halide
salts
gelatin
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Expired - Lifetime
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US418951A
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English (en)
Inventor
Walter J Weyerts
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
Priority to FR956659D priority Critical patent/FR956659A/fr
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US418952A priority patent/US2311103A/en
Priority to US418951A priority patent/US2367549A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2367549A publication Critical patent/US2367549A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
    • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
    • G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
    • G03C1/10—Organic substances

Definitions

  • an emulsion coating containing an addendum as above will require a shorter time of development than a similar emulsion coated without any addendums. Furthermore, it has been found that these salts cause an increase in gamma infinity and the maximum density that is obtained on development of the exposed emulsion.
  • the object of the present invention to provide organic acid salts which may be used in silver halide emulsion layers to improve sensitometric characteristics.
  • Salts which may be used are-theammonium, amine, or alkali metal salts of acids such as acetic, tartaric, citric, particularly hydroxy monobasic acids, such as lactic, glycolic, mandelic, gluconic and glyceric; benzene sulfonic acid and its substitution products, such as the amino benzene sulfonic acids-metanilic, sulfanilic, and orthanilic; benzoic acid and its substitution products. such as anthranilic and salicylic acids.
  • substitution products of benzene carboxylic and sulfonic acids such as c, in or p-bromobenzoic, o, m or p-chlorobenzoic and 2,5-dichlorobenzenesull'onic are likewise effective.
  • the method I use for incorporating the salts of my invention into emulsions consists of dissolving the acid furnishing the required anion in alkaline solution or dissolving the required preformed salt in water, and adding this solution with or without the addition of an organic solvent such as alcohol, to the emulsion at some stage in its manufacture.
  • a convenient method is to add the salt solution to a melted gelatinsilver-halide emulsion just prior to coating.
  • bases furnishing ammonium, amine or alkali metal ions.
  • the salt is present in an amount such as is customarily used in bufier solutions, that is,
  • the quantity I use is from about 5 per cent-25 per cent, preferably about 15 per cent, of the weight of the carrier material, if gelatin is used. Similar quantities may be used for emulsions having carriers other than gelatin.
  • Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 show by graphical representation the effect of typical salts on sensitometric characteristics such as gamma and speed.
  • Fig. 1 shows by means of H and D curves, the sensitometric characteristics of a non-color sensitized bromoiodide control emulsion before addition of sodium glycolate, and after the salt has been added (15 per cent salt on the weight of gelatin). Both emulsions were given the same time of development in a high po tential developer. It is observed that it the straight-line portion of the curves are extended to the abscissa, a comparison of the gamma and speed may be made. It is apparent that in this case the'salt has been instrumental in causing an increase in both speed and Fig. 2 shows the effect of adding 15 per cent of the weight of gelatin of sodium metanilate to a high-speed emulsion. It may be seen that the gamma and speed of the treated emulsion, as shown by the curve to the left, is considerably higher than that of the control emulsion.
  • Fig. 3 shows the H and D curves of two emulsions, to one of which has been added 15 per cent sodium anthranilate.
  • the effect of theaddition of the salt to the emulsion is to produce a considerable increase in gamma and an increase in speed which is not as great in the toe region as it is along the straight-line portionot the curve, as calculated by well-known methods which recognize that at the same inertia speeds different gammas give at the same density different speeds, such as astronomical speeds.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates in a similar manner the eflect of adding sodium acetate to an emulsion.
  • sodium acetate was added in the amount of 40 per cent of the weight of the gelatin to the control emulsion, the speed was 1200, gamma 1.39 and fog .09.
  • Development was carried out in a high potential developer for the same time in each v case.
  • the efiect oi the salts in my invention on emulsion characteristics is not limited to a specific type of emulsion. Emulsions whether non-sensitized, optically or chemically are favorably aiIected.
  • the salts difier somewhat in their ability to improve sensitornetric characteristics. For instance, the same control emulsion was used for the experiments the results of which are shown in Fig. 2. and Fig. 3, and it is apparent that the improvement in gamma. and speed is different in each case. The same is true of isomeric salts suchas sodium metanilate and sodium sulfanilate.
  • different substitution products of the salts of the acids of my invention give diiIerent types and degrees of improvement of sensitometric characteristics of emulsions. Simple experiments illustrate the efiect of such salts on emulsion characteristics.
  • the method of improving the sensitometric characteristics of a gelatino-silver halide emulsion which comprises adding to said emulsion from 5% to 25% of the weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of a salt having a cation selected from the group consisting of ammonium, amino and alkali metal, and an anion selected from the group of acids consisting of benzoic acid and its amino, hydroxyl and halogen substitution products, and benzene sulfonic acids and the halogen and amino substitution products thereof.
  • a gelatino-silver halide emulsion which comprises adding to said emulsion 5 to 25 per cent of the weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of a salt having a cation selected from the group conslst ing of ammonium, amino and alkali metal, and an anion selected from the group of acids consisting of benzoic acid and its amino, hydroxyl and halogen substitution products, and benzene gelatino-silver halide emulsion which comprises adding to said emulsion from 5% to 25% of the weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of watersoluble salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of ammonium, amino and alkalimetal salts of benzene sulfonic acid and the halogen and amino substitution products thereof.
  • the method of increasing the gamma of a gelatino-silver halide emulsion which comprises adding to said emulsion from 5% to 25% of the weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of an alkali metal salt of metanilic acid.
  • the method of increasing the speed of a gelatino-silver halide emulsion which comprises adding to said emulsion Ste 25 per cent of the weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of a salt having a cation selected from the group consisting of ammonium, amino and alkali metal, and
  • an anion selected from the group of acids consisting of benzoic acid and its amino, hydroxyl and halogen substitution products, and benzene sulionic acids and the halogen and amino substitution products thereof.
  • the method of increasing the gamma and speed of a gelatino-silver halide emulsion which comprises adding to said emulsion 5 to 25 per cent weight of gelatin in the emulsion of a salt having having a cation selected from the group consisting of ammonium, amino and alkali metal, and an anion selected from the group of acids consisting of benzoic acid and its amino, hydroxyl and halogen substitution products, and benzene sulfonic acids and the halogen and amino substitution products thereof.
  • a silver halide emulsion comprising as an agent for improving the sensitometric characteristics thereof, 5 to 25 per cent of the weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of a salt having a cation selected from the group consisting of am monium, amino and alkali metal, and an anion selected from the group of acids consisting of benzoic acid and its amino, hydroxyl and halogen substitution products, and benzene sulfonic acids and the halogen and amino substitution products thereof.
  • a gelatino-silver halide emulsion comprising as an agent for increasing the gamma thereof, from 5% to 25% of the Weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of a water-soluble salt of an acid selected from the group consisting of ammonium, amino and alkali-metal salts of amino benzene sulfonic acids.
  • a gelatino-silver halide emulsion comprising as an agent for increasing the speed thereof. from 5% to 25% of the Weight of the gelatin in the emulsion of a Water soluble salt selected from the group consisting of ammonium, amino, and alkali metal salts of benzoic acid.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
US418951A 1941-11-13 1941-11-13 Photographic silver halide emulsions Expired - Lifetime US2367549A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR956659D FR956659A (en:Method) 1941-11-13
US418952A US2311103A (en) 1941-11-13 1941-11-13 Photographic silver halide emulsion
US418951A US2367549A (en) 1941-11-13 1941-11-13 Photographic silver halide emulsions

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US418951A US2367549A (en) 1941-11-13 1941-11-13 Photographic silver halide emulsions

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US2367549A true US2367549A (en) 1945-01-16

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FR (1) FR956659A (en:Method)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2701197A (en) * 1951-12-15 1955-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Nonpolymeric sulfonated hydroquinone antistain agents

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2701197A (en) * 1951-12-15 1955-02-01 Eastman Kodak Co Nonpolymeric sulfonated hydroquinone antistain agents

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Publication number Publication date
FR956659A (en:Method) 1950-02-02

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