US236636A

US236636A - Cutter-head

Info

Publication number: US236636A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1881-01-11
Anticipated expiration: 1898-01-11

Description

(Model.)

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Cutter Head.

Patented Jan. 11, I881.

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Gutter Head.

No. 236,636. Patented Jan. 11,1881.

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G. J. 85 S. J. SHIMER. Cutter Head.

No. 236,636. Patented Jan. 11,1881.

m w i .y m, aw JW UNITE STATES GEORGE J. SHIMER AND SAMUEL J. SHIMER, OF MILTON, PENNSYLVANIA.

CUTTER-HEAD.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 236,636, dated January 11, 1881.

Application filed December 8, 1880. (Model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, GEORGE J. SI-IIMER and SAMUEL J. SHIMER, citizens of the United States, residing at Milton, in the county of Northumberland and State of Pennsylvania,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gutter-Heads; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and ex act description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

I5 Figure 1 is a perspective view of our improved tool. Fig. 2 is a bottom view of the same. Fi 3 is a side view of the same. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the head. Fig. 5 is a sectional view, vertical, showing one of the cutters or bits, and its clamping device in sectional lines, and another cutter or bit with its clamping device in outlines. Figs. 6 and 7 are end and front views of the clamping devices; and Fi 8 is an edge view of one of the cutters or bits, showing mode of operation upon a piece of lumber.

Our invention relates to cutter-heads that are used on matching and molding machines for matching and molding lumber, and par- 0 ticularly to that class wherein bits are employed to produce a divided cut and to operate with clearance at the side of each cuttingedge.

Our invention also relates to means for ad- 5 justing the cutters or bits and securing them to the head.

Expanding heads that cut across the fiber of the wood are usually furnished with several spurs or saws to cut down the offset, and

are set ahead of the knife to work clearance for the leading point. Grooving-cutters that work with clearance to their sides are secured to seats inclined to the plane of rotation, or otherwise set inclined by an adjustment de- 5 pendent upon the skill of the workman.

By our invention the inclination of the cutter or bit is the same secured at any point along the entire width of the head, which is adapted to receive the cutters to work any pattern and to work with clearance from any side. When grooving-cutters are employed they take their places above and below a line of adjustment on each alternate slot, so that when secured in the right position their leading points bear outwardly and away from each 5 other, and the grooving-cutters that cut across the wood must have a projecting point on the side that leads the knife-edge proper about one-thirty second of an inch, to cut the fiber of the wood and prevent splitting. When tongu- 6o ing-cutters are employed they occupy the opposite position, and take their places alternately above and below the same line of adjustment, with their leading points bearing toward each other. It will thus be understood that clearance can be given to any side of the cutter, and that our improved head is adapted to any and every variety of planing-mill work. Straight cutters may be used in connection with our head; but we prefer to employ a cir- 7o cular or segmental cutter having the shape turned in its outer circle, thereby securing a uniformity of pattern until the cutter is used up.

Our invention consists in a cutter-head having slots inclined forwardly and rearwardly 7 alternatelyof the axial line of the head. so that the cutters or bits attached thereto will be able to work with the proper clearance.

Our invention further consists in the combination, with a cutter-head having slots alter- 8o nately inclined of the axial line of the head, of segmental or circular cutters arranged in the slots in series, and capable of independent adjustments, whereby the same cutters can be adapted to work material of different thickness.

Our invention further consists in the combination of a cutter-head having slots alternately inclined of the axial line of the head, cutters or bits arranged in series, and clamping means for securing the cutters or bits in the slots of the head.

Our invention further consists in a novel clamping means for holding the cutter, and which also admits of a lateral adjustment of the cutter. 5

Our invention further consists in the construction and the combination of parts, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth and specifically claimed.

In the annexed drawings, forming a part of this specification, the letter A represents the head, having a central hub of proper size bored out to fit a mandrel, upon which it is to run, and is fastened thereto in the usual way. The

head A (see Figs. 2 and 4) is formed with four arms, a b c (1, extending radially in an irregular manner from the hub, constituting four surfaces exterior to the axis of rotation for the attachment of the cutters or bits. These arms, which are exterior and eccentric to the axis of rotation, are cast solid with the head, and should be of sufficient strength to resist the torsional strain upon the cutters when the tool is in operation.

1n order that-the cutters may have and work with the proper clearance for all practical purposes we form T slots B B B B in the arms and diagonally across the exterior surfaces, upon lines that form angles with the axial line of the head, as seen in Figs. 3 and 4 of the drawings. These T-shaped slots in the arms of the head, at an equal distance from the axis of rotation, are alternately inclinedthat is to say, arranged in series so as to alternately incline forward and rearward in the direction of the base of the tool. In other words, the slots B B are beveled in the same direction, and the external bearing-surface of the arms for the cutters are similar in conformation, and the alternate or opposite slots, B B, are beveled in the same direction, opposite to the other two, and the external bearing-surfaces of these are similar in conformation. The spaces betweenthe arms are of scroll shape, substantially as' shown at c in Fig. 2, and are made of this shape with the objects of increasing the strength of the arm and affording an enlarged base, and at the same time providing room for the rearward adjustment of the cutters.

The letters D D and D D represent the segmental cutters or bits arranged in series, as hereinafter described, so as to partially overlap each other on the inner line of the out. These cutters or bits may be formed in the manufacture in a ring, and the outer surface and upper and lower edges turned to the desired shape or pattern, then cut into segments of desired length an d properlytempered, thereby insuring perfect shape as to outlines and uniformity of cut in the configuration or the cutters may be manufactured in any other well-known manner.

The letter B (see Figs. 6 and 7) represents a clamping device adapted to fit and slide in the slot of one of the head-arms and secure firmly the cutter to the bearing-surface of the arm. This clamping device consists of the T- shaped tongue 1'', adapted to fit the corresponding T-shaped slot or groove in the head-arm, the upperjaw, i, and lower jaw, h, forming an intermediate passage or way, It, for the introduction and passage of the cutter, and a setscrew, 1, with a conical point in the upper jaw for securing the proper adjustment of the cutter. The inner surfaces, 022, of the jaws are so constructed as to fit snugly the convex an gular seats of the arms, as seen in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

The segmental cutters are introduced into the passages of the clamps endwise, and the clamps with cutters adjusted in their respective slots; or the clamps can first be adjusted to the head and the cutters afterward introduced into their proper places. The clamps carrying the cutters D D are arranged in the slots B B, on opposite sides of thehead, said slots, as hereinbefore stated, being directed rearwardly toward the base of the tool, and theclamps carrying the cutters D D are arranged in the other opposite slots, B B, which slots are directed forwardly to the base of the tool. Theserearward andforwardinclinations ot' the slots give the clearance to the cutters at the sides.

By means of the graduated scale on the respective arms of the head (see Figs. 1 and 4) the upper and lower cutters, working in pairs, are adjusted independently to anicety and speedily secured to the bearing-surfaces by means of the clamps and set-screws.

The set-screw or bolt confining the cutter to its bearing-surfaces has a double oflice, since it operates upon inclined surfaces. Thefull tension being given in line of the screw upon the inclined edge (see Fig. 5) of the cutter, and a tension of like power being also upon a line at right angles thereto, which is exerted upon the under side of the cutter, it is plain that the same power that holds the cutter to its seat also holds the clamp to the head.

By sliding and setting the clamps in the slotted arms it is evident that the cutters can be adjusted to increase or decrease the scope of their action and adapt them to the different thicknesses of material to be worked. The cutters are always used in pairs, consisting of upper and lower cutters, set alternately, so as to cut alternately, with an overlap on the inner line of out, each pair completing a full cut across the edge of the lumber operated upon.

Each of the cutters has two cutting-edges, 1 and 2. The curved cutting-edge l shapes the lumber on one side of the groove or recess, and the straight or slightly-beveled edge 2 cuts part of the groove or recess only, overlapping a central line in the bottom of the groove, as seen in Fig. 8 of the drawings. 1f tonguing-cutters are employed, the overlap would be on the ridge of the tongue.

The advantages of thus shaping the'l knifeedges of the matchin g-cutters, arranging them adjustably on seats that are inclined to the axial line of the head to cause the upward and downward inclination of the cutters, and arranging them in series are, first, a division of the out, usually made in matching the edges of lumber secondly,'the alternating cutting of the cutters, which prevents tearing and splitting thirdly, the side clearance to the cutters; and, fourthly,'adapting the cutters to different thicknesses of material to be worked.

The outer bearing-surfaces of the arms to which the cutters are secured may have flat seats for straight cutters or bits; but we prefer to use the segmental cutters with the desired pattern, and also the bearing-surface seats formed with the convex angular or curved surfaces to match the inner circle of the segment-cutter, as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings.

The cutters are sharpened and the cuttingedges adjusted to a common circle in the wellknown ways.

We do not wish to confine ourselves to the precise construction herein described and shown, as slight changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A cutter-head having radial arms formed with T-shaped slot-s or grooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly alternately of the axial line of the head, substantially as described.

2. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with slots or grooves inclined alternately forwardly and rearwardly of the axial line of the head, of cutters or bits with clamping devices arranged on the slot-surfaces and capable of independent adjustments, substantially as described.

3. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with T-shaped slots or grooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly al ternately of the axial line of the head, of segmental cutters and clamping means for securing the cutters to the arms of the head, substantially as described.

4. The combination. with a head having radial arms formed with T-shaped slots or grooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly alternately of the axial line of the head, of the adjustable segmental cutters and adjustable clamping devices for securing the cutters to the arms of the head, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with T-shaped slots or grooves inclined forwardly and rearwardly alternately of the axial line of the hcad,and the bearing-surfaces of the radial arms being provided with graduated scales, of the adjustable clamping devices carrying bits and cutters capable of independent adjustments in the slots, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a head having radial arms formed with slots that alternately incline forwardly and rearwardly of the axial line of the head, and the outer surfaces of the said arms formed with angular bearing-surfaces, of the adjustable clamping devices having their inner bearing-surfaces correspondingly an gularly formed, and provided with segmental cutters, substantially as described.

7. In a cutter-head, a movable clamp for securing a cutter to the head, consisting of a T- shaped tongue, f, lower jaw, h, upper jaw, 4;, the said jaws forming intermediate passage, k, for the introduction of the cutter, and setscrew or bolt, substantially as described.

8. The combination, in a cutter-head, of a head having four radial arms formed with alternatin g inclined T-shaped slots and angular bearing-surfaces, the clamping devices having corresponding T-shaped tongues and angular bearing fitting-surfaces, with upper and lower jaws, segmental cutters, and set-screws or bolts for securing the clamps and cutters to the head, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with the head-cutters having inclined edges and their holding devices, ot' the set-screws or bolts with conical points having a-twofold officeto wit, in seating the cutters in their seats in the holding devices and securing the clamp to the head, as described.

In testimony whereof \ve affix our signatures in presence of two witnesses.

GEO. J. SHIMER.

SAMUEL J. SHIMER.

\Vitnesses J. F. GAUGER, J. H. RAUP.