US2365583A - Frequency-dividing circuits - Google Patents

Frequency-dividing circuits Download PDF

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Publication number
US2365583A
US2365583A US462998A US46299842A US2365583A US 2365583 A US2365583 A US 2365583A US 462998 A US462998 A US 462998A US 46299842 A US46299842 A US 46299842A US 2365583 A US2365583 A US 2365583A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
resistor
voltage
frequency
control electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US462998A
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English (en)
Inventor
George W Nagel
Mortimer A Schultz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CBS Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE472352D priority Critical patent/BE472352A/xx
Priority to NL66092D priority patent/NL66092C/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US462998A priority patent/US2365583A/en
Priority to GB17375/43A priority patent/GB568556A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2365583A publication Critical patent/US2365583A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B19/00—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source
    • H03B19/06—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes
    • H03B19/08—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes by means of a discharge device
    • H03B19/12—Generation of oscillations by non-regenerative frequency multiplication or division of a signal from a separate source by means of discharge device or semiconductor device with more than two electrodes by means of a discharge device using division only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/04—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback
    • H03K3/05—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback
    • H03K3/06—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use, as active elements, of vacuum tubes only, with positive feedback using means other than a transformer for feedback using at least two tubes so coupled that the input of one is derived from the output of another, e.g. multivibrator

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to frequency sub-dividers and, in particular, relates to arrangements in which multi-vibrator tubes are employed to derive an output voltage which has a frequency that is a sub-multiple of the frequency of an input voltage.
  • One object of our invention is to provide a circuit in which an output voltage is derived which has a frequency which is a constant sub-multiple of the frequency of an input voltage.
  • Another object of our invention is to provide a circuit in which an output voltage is derived which is a very small constant sub-multiple of the frequency of an input voltage.
  • Still another object of our invention is to provide a circuit in which the ratio between the frequency of an output voltage and the frequency of an input voltage remains highly constant in spite of considerable variations in the electrical parameters of the circuit, such, for example, as variation in the plate circuit supply voltage, environing temperature, cathode emissivity of tubes used and the like.
  • Qne of the more specific objects of our invention is to provide a circuit embodying a multivibrator in which an output voltage is derived, the frequency of which is a small and constant sub-multiple of the frequency of a voltage impressed on the input terminals of the system.
  • Figure 1 is a plot of certain voltage-againsttime curves useful in explaining our invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of one form of circuit embodying our invention.
  • the tubes I and 2 of Fig. 2 herein are interconnected in one type of circuit capable of causing such a behavior as has just been described and constitute a cmulti-vibrator.
  • An input circuit impresses voltage of the-higher frequency of which it is desired to derive a sub-multiple between the control electrode of the tube and ground, and currents of the sub-multiple frequency may be derived from the resistor 9.
  • the voltage required to transfer current flow to the tube 2 in Fig. 2 from the tube I quickly rises to a high value at the beginning of the cycle of output current and then falls along a curve of gradually decreasing slope.
  • the curves B-B in Fig. 1 represent the effects of the pulses or waves impressed on the grid 5 of tube l in Fig. 2, and, if of constant magnitude, will sooner or later intersect the curve A-A of Fig. 1. When this intersection occurs, current flow is transferred from the tube l to the tube 2 of Fig. 2 and the output wave passes through its brief cycle phase of voltage decrease to end the cycle.
  • the input wave instead of being of constant amplitude, shall be of relatively small amplitude during the earlier portions of the output cycle, but shall rise sharply in amplitude as the intended final pulse of the input wave is approached.
  • This is illustrated by the form of the curves B-B in Fig. 1 which clearly shows the increased certainty that intersection of the curve AA will occur at the 50th pulse rather than at the 49th pulse in the example taken. Any slight variation in circuit parameters which causes minor increases or decreases in ordinates of the curves AA or the curves BB will have little effect in preventing intersection of the curve AA with pulse No. 50.
  • Fig. 2 shows details of a circuit adapted to realize the conditions illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • I and 2 represent a pair of electrical discharge tubes which are preferably of the high-vacuum type and incorporate electron-emissive cathodes 3-4, control electrodes 5-6 and anodes Ia-B.
  • the cathodes 3-4 are connected to each other and to one terminal of a resistor 9, the other terminal of which is grounded.
  • the anode I is connected through a capacitor I0 to the grid 6 of the tube 2 and also through resistor 32 to a source of potential I5 which makes it positive with respect to ground.
  • Grid 6 is also connected to one terminal of a resistor I4, the other terminal of which is connected to a tap on a source I2 of bias potential.
  • a capacitor I3 is preferably connected between the tap on the potentiometer I2 and the positive terminal thereof which is grounded.
  • the control electrode 5 of the tube I is connected to ground through a resistor II.
  • the tubes I and 2 may be considered as comprising the multi-vibrator portion of the circuit.
  • An amplifier tube I6 which preferably is of the high-vacuum type and comprises a cathode H, a control grid I8, and may also be provided if desired with a screen grid I9 and a suppressor grid 20, has its anode 2
  • is connected through a resistor 23 to the positive terminal of a directcurrent source 24, the negative terminal of which is grounded.
  • the cathode I! of the tube I6 is connected through a capacitor 25 and, if desired, through a resistor 26 to ground.
  • the input circuit 21 is connected to impress voltage across the resistor 26.
  • a potentiometer 28 is connected to impress a variable bias voltage relative to ground upon the cathode II.
  • the positive terminal of the direct-current source 24 is connected through a resistor 29 to the control grid I8 of the tube I6, and the latter is connected through a capaci tor 3I to ground.
  • the grid 20 is connected to cathode I1 and grid IE! to the positive terminal or source 24.
  • the grid I8 of tube I6 is likewise connected to the anode 8 of the tube 2.
  • the output voltage of the system may be tapped off the resistor 9.
  • the tube 2 will be non-conductive since its control electrode 6 is biased negatively by the position of the tap on the potentiometer I2, while its cathode is positive relative to the positive terminal of this potentiometer because of current flow in the tube I through the resistor 9.
  • the tube I is itself conducting since, by selection, it is of a type which, in absence of any such negative bias as the potentiometer I2 impresses upon the control electrode 6 of tube 2, conducts current readily when its control electrode 5 is at ground potential, notwithstanding the fact that its cathode 3 is biased slightly positive relative to ground by its current flowing through the resistor 9.
  • This current through the tube I is derived from the direct-current source I5 and is limited in magnitude by the resistor 32 and the characteristics of tube I.
  • the tube I6 is non-conductive, notwithstanding the impression of positive voltage on its anode 2I by the voltage source 24, since it is, by selection, chosen of such a type that, when the capacitor 3
  • the resistor 3I will gradually charge up from source 24 through resistor 29 and make the control electrode I8 of the tube I6 more positive. A' condition will eventually be reached, therefore, when the potential of the control electrode I8 is high enough so that current will flow through the tube I5, and as the input Voltage pulses across resistor 26 cause corresponding fluctuations in potential between the cathode I1 and the control electrode I8, current pulses of the input frequency will flow from the source 24 through the resistor 23 and anode of tube I6, to cathode I'I, through capacitor 25 and resistor 26 to ground. These voltage pulses of the input frequency and of rapidl increasing magnitude will pass through the capacitor 22 and thereby impress themselves as negative pulses on the control electrode 5 of the tube I.
  • the resistor 9 and internal resistance of tube '2 are made to be of such values that capacitor 3
  • Cessation of current flow through tube l6 cuts off the negative pulses flowing from anode 2
  • the entire system has, ac-
  • and the bias setting of the potentiometer I2 will bepredominant over any ordinary fluctuations met with in other circuit parameters in determining the ratio of sub-division of the frequency of the input voltage 21 which is obtained by this system.
  • a first tube having a cathode, anode and control electrode
  • a second tube having a cathode, anode and control electrode, the two cathodes being connected together to one terminal of a resistor having its other terminal connected to ground, a, connection through an output resistor from the positive terminal of a directcurrent source of which the negative terminal is groundedto the anode of said first tube
  • means for supplying current to the anode of said second tube 'a connection through a capacitor from the positive terminal of said first tube to the control electrode of said second tube, means for impressing a negative bias relative to ground on the lastmentioned control electrode
  • a third tube having a cathode, at least one control electrode and an anode, a connection through a capacitor and an input resistor from the last-mentioned cathode to ground, means for impressing a positive bias potential relative to ground on the last-mentioned cathode, a source of direct-current voltage having its negative terminal grounded and its positive
  • a third tube having a cathode, at least one control electrode and an anode, a connection through a capacitor and an input resistor from the last-mentioned cathode to ground, means for impressing a positive bias potential relative to ground on the lastmentioned cathode, a source of direct-current voltage having its negative terminal grounded and its positive terminal connected through an input resistor to the anode of said third tube, a connection between the last-mentioned anode through a capacitor to the control electrode of said first tube and a connection from the last mentioned control electrode through a, resistor to ground; and means for impressing a voltage which increases with time relative to ground potential on the control electrode of said third tube.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US462998A 1942-10-22 1942-10-22 Frequency-dividing circuits Expired - Lifetime US2365583A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE472352D BE472352A (fr) 1942-10-22
NL66092D NL66092C (fr) 1942-10-22
US462998A US2365583A (en) 1942-10-22 1942-10-22 Frequency-dividing circuits
GB17375/43A GB568556A (en) 1942-10-22 1943-10-21 Improvements in or relating to frequency dividing circuits

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US462998A US2365583A (en) 1942-10-22 1942-10-22 Frequency-dividing circuits

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2365583A true US2365583A (en) 1944-12-19

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Family Applications (1)

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US462998A Expired - Lifetime US2365583A (en) 1942-10-22 1942-10-22 Frequency-dividing circuits

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2365583A (fr)
BE (1) BE472352A (fr)
GB (1) GB568556A (fr)
NL (1) NL66092C (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2455616A (en) * 1944-11-15 1948-12-07 Remco Electronic Inc Transientless modulator system for keying
US2526000A (en) * 1945-05-26 1950-10-17 Rca Corp Frequency divider
US2530033A (en) * 1947-02-19 1950-11-14 Gen Electric Sensitive flip-flop circuit
US2534872A (en) * 1943-06-22 1950-12-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse producing apparatus
US2562889A (en) * 1946-07-22 1951-08-07 Farnsworth Res Corp Frequency divider
US2567845A (en) * 1945-04-12 1951-09-11 Philco Corp Counter circuit
US2573354A (en) * 1945-07-26 1951-10-30 Rca Corp Variable frequency multivibrator
US2661421A (en) * 1950-06-28 1953-12-01 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Sweep generator protection circuit
US2747094A (en) * 1945-12-10 1956-05-22 Robert M Walker Dividing circuit
US2762923A (en) * 1953-08-06 1956-09-11 Stewart Warner Corp Pulse frequency divider
US3140446A (en) * 1962-08-03 1964-07-07 Gen Electric Communication receiver with noise blanking
US3316490A (en) * 1945-12-28 1967-04-25 Thomas F Jones Variable time delay circuit for producing pulses of predetermined width or pulses after a predetermined interval
US3332036A (en) * 1964-04-17 1967-07-18 Ohio Crankshaft Co High frequency electrical power source with pulsating control

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2884525A (en) * 1956-03-05 1959-04-28 Daystrom Inc Sawtooth wave generator
CN116679125B (zh) * 2023-06-07 2024-04-09 海安市综合检验检测中心 利用多谐振荡器产生被测信号的应变电阻测量电路装置

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2534872A (en) * 1943-06-22 1950-12-19 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Pulse producing apparatus
US2455616A (en) * 1944-11-15 1948-12-07 Remco Electronic Inc Transientless modulator system for keying
US2567845A (en) * 1945-04-12 1951-09-11 Philco Corp Counter circuit
US2526000A (en) * 1945-05-26 1950-10-17 Rca Corp Frequency divider
US2573354A (en) * 1945-07-26 1951-10-30 Rca Corp Variable frequency multivibrator
US2747094A (en) * 1945-12-10 1956-05-22 Robert M Walker Dividing circuit
US3316490A (en) * 1945-12-28 1967-04-25 Thomas F Jones Variable time delay circuit for producing pulses of predetermined width or pulses after a predetermined interval
US2562889A (en) * 1946-07-22 1951-08-07 Farnsworth Res Corp Frequency divider
US2530033A (en) * 1947-02-19 1950-11-14 Gen Electric Sensitive flip-flop circuit
US2661421A (en) * 1950-06-28 1953-12-01 Du Mont Allen B Lab Inc Sweep generator protection circuit
US2762923A (en) * 1953-08-06 1956-09-11 Stewart Warner Corp Pulse frequency divider
US3140446A (en) * 1962-08-03 1964-07-07 Gen Electric Communication receiver with noise blanking
US3332036A (en) * 1964-04-17 1967-07-18 Ohio Crankshaft Co High frequency electrical power source with pulsating control

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL66092C (fr)
GB568556A (en) 1945-04-10
BE472352A (fr)

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