US2365402A

US2365402A - Textile process and product

Info

Publication number: US2365402A
Application number: US367575A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert N Foster
Original assignee: Monsanto Chemicals Ltd
Current assignee: Monsanto Chemicals Ltd; Monsanto Chemical Co
Priority date: 1940-11-28
Filing date: 1940-11-28
Publication date: 1944-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 1961-12-19

Description

Patented Dec. 19,

- TEXTILE PROCESS AND PRODUCT Robert N. Foster, Anniston, Ala., assigner to Monsanto Chemical Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application November 28, 1940,

Serial No. 367,575

19 Claims. (Cl. 28-72.6)

This invention relates to an improved textile size and products produced therewith.

An object of this invention is the provision of i a new sizing agent of an inorganic nature which may be readily applied to textile bers and which may be easily removed therefrom by merely wash- '.ing with water.

My new size may be applied to ilbers of cotton, linen, ax', hemp, jute, ramie, the various rayons, staple or lament such. as viscose, acetate and cuprammonium or the various synthetic polymeric organic compounds used as textile fibers gie nylon, vinyon, etc., including glass textile Used as a size. my product is eiiective upon the yarns oi' the above mentioned iibers and others, for the purpose of laying the fiber ends, setting the twist and providing a coating to resist mechanical wear, and increase strength particularly for the warp yarns used in weaving. i

My sizing compound is a phosphate of colloi nature and is composed of the metaphosphates of potassium and sodium having the general for- Phospates ol this series have the property of forming viscous aqueous solutions of a colloidal nature, the viscosity of which may be varied by changing the concentration. Apparently the coll loidal `particles are strongly hydrated. As an example of the viscosity and speciiic gravity of aquei ous solutions oi these phosphates. 1.'. give the following data for the KmadPOzh compound at Concentration specincgravity 1.008 1.04 1.075 1.125 1.175 1.25 asity -pois.. con cac 0.76 2.1 en 17s The colloidal 'phosphate solutions herein employed may'be prepared by the reaction' of KPO:

. with sodium chloride solution (the method described by Tammann) or by the direct reaction 1 of KPC: and (NaPOsh according to the reactionz' mula KmNaw-m) (P03) where m may have a value of 2 or less, including` fractional values. There may also be present mixtures of the above One of the phosphates of the above type has lbeen described by Tammann in Zeit fur prakt.

. maa-..1 (Poi).

where m may have a. value oi' 2 or less, including fractional values. An analysis of two members of this series will show the following chemical composition:

1 Th for 'rh for.

KaNn 00| KiNalOc In thev application of these phosphates for the sizing of textile bers I prefer to make a 15% solution of the-phosphate and wet the yarn in this solution: After removing the ber from the s0- lution. it; is dried and the phosphate then forms a transparent ilexible non-tacky film upon the fiber; this lays the liber ends. sets the twist and provides an abrasion resistant protective coating. The coated, dried yam, may hold from 15 to 20% by weight of phosphate, however the amount of Vphosphate carried by the yarn may be varied over f a wide range. In general from 1% to more than 39% by weight of phosphate may thus beapplied. My size may be applied by means of a "slasher".

as currently used -in the silk or cotton textile mill practice. In these machines substantially the above process is carried out. and drying is eil'eeted either by means of heated rolls or by Aa current of warm air.

The sizing -bath employing my phosphates may Abe heated somewhat although in contrastwith the customary starch sizing baths it is not necessary or desirable to heat the battito the boilingpoint. My size is preferably applied cold, that is at room temperature to a temperatureof 50 or C. under which conditions good penetrav tion is obtained upon viscose rayon. cupra ammonium rayon, degummed''ax or bleached cotton. Using raw cotton-or the non-absorbent fibers suchv as acetate rayon, nylon or vinyon it is preferable to employ a wetting agent in the sizns bath. While any type of wetting agent which will ture of the compounds KoNoiobo ons K1Nas(PO3) s.

4. A method of processing cotton yarn comprising applying to said yarn a size` comprising a colloidal phosphate of the compositions KmNaw-miPOs) o in which m has a value of from 2 to 1, weaving said yarn upon a loom to produce woven goods, subsequently processing said woven goods by kiering with a water solution carrying A great advantage of my size is that the size can be easily removed from the fibers by simple extraction using either cold or warm water. Starch sizes on the other hand require more drastic treatments, for example, treatmentwith acids, alkalies or enzymes to remove the starch.

While'my phosphate size may be employed by itself and good results obtained, for special purposes I may add softeners or preservatives forA mildew prevention as is customaryl when applying commercial starch sizes.

Examples of softeners used with my size are sulfonated oils such as castor or -olive oils or sulfonated waxes such as tallow, etc.

`l=freservatives suitable for mildewy prevention may bezinc chloride, pentachlorophenols, o-hydroxydiphenyls, etc.

If theproduction of sized goods is contemplated, the size need notnecessarily be removed after weaving, in fact woven goods may be filled or sized using the colloidal phosphate size. If the goods are to be kier boiledVthe phosphate will dissolve out from the fiber and furthermore serves the purpose of a water-softener combining with thecalcum and magnesium hardness of processing water and rendering them harmless or innocuous during processing. During kiering it will also serve to prevent kier stains on the cloth as from iron, etc. yThe phosphate size is also advantageously utilized in bleaching or in dyeing as'the deleterious effects of hard water causing stains or uneven vdyeing-are thereby eliminated, by virtue of a combination of the sizing phosphates with the calcium and magnesium hardv ness, usually present in the water.

Paper sizes comprising casein and hexametaphosphates of sodium or other alkali metals have been proposed, however in these earlier proposals, the hexametaph'osphate served as a solubilizing compound or emulsifying agent for the casein. In my invention the double metaphosphates of sodium and potassium, that is where both sodium and potassium are contained in a f'single molecule oi the metaphosphate, are employed per se as sizing agents.

What I claim is:

l. A method -of processing textile warp yarns comprising treating said yarns with a 4colloidal y solution of a phosphate of the composition:

KmNa om POs e in which m has a value of from 2 to 1, to apply a size thereon, weaving said yarn onta loom to produce woven goods, treating said goods subsequently with water containing calcium and magnesium hardness, whereby said calcium and magnesium hardness is rendered innocuous by reaction with said` size, and the size simultaneously removed from said warp yarn.

2. The process dened in claim 1 in which the colloidal phosphate employed as a size is a compound selectedfrom the vclass consisting of 3. The .process dened in claim 1 in which the f calcium and magnesium hardness, whereby said size is removed from the goods and is combined with said calcium and magnesium hardness to 2 to 1,weaving said yarn upon 'a loom to produce woven goods, thereupon dyeing said woven goods in a water solution containing calcium and magnesium hardness, whereby said size is removed by said dye bath and combined with said calcium and magnesium hardness, preventing combination thereof with said dye.

6. A -textile yarn suitable for warp threads comprising spun fibers carrying a transparent flexible, water soluble film of Tammanns dipotassium tetrasodium hexametaphosphate.

7. A textile yarn suitable for use as a warp thread in weaving comprising spun fibers carrying a transparent, flexible. water soluble film of the salt: KmNa'-m) (P03) o in which m has a value of from 2 to 1.

8. A process of treating ber for the production of a size thereon, comprising wetting said ber with a colloidal solution of a compound selected from the class consisting of KoNaIAPOalo and KiNas (P03) o.

9. A method of treating textile warp yarns comprising sizing said yarns with a colloidal -1o. 'rho method donned in oioim 9 wherein o.

15% solution of the phosphate is employed in sizing the yarns.

11. The method denedin claim 9 wherein the woven goods are subsequently treated with water containing. calcium and magnesium hardness,

whereby said calcium and magnesium hardness is rendered innocuous by reaction with said size, and the size is simultaneously removed from said warp yarn.

12. A method 0f processing textile warp yarns comprising sizing said yarns with a colloidal solution of mixed phosphates of potassium and sodium varying in composition according to the formula: KmNato-miPOaawhere m represents a value varying from a positive fractional value to a value of 2.

13. The method defined in claim 12 in which m represents a value of from 2 to 1.

14. A method of processing textile ibers coinprising sizing said bers with a colloidal solution of a phosphate having a stoichiometric composition expressed by the formula: KmNa(om)(POa)e. in which m has a value of 2 to 1 and drying the product thus formed.

15. A method of sizing textile ilbers comprising immersing said fibers in a` bath containing a colloidal solution of a phosphate having a stoichiometric Acomposition expressed by the formula:

the bath contains as a wetting agent, a sodium salt of an alkyla'ted aromatic sulfonic acid hav ,ing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.

19. A textile ber carrying a transparent ex- KmNa(s-m (POa)u, inwhich m has a. value of 2 to 1.

16. The method denned in claim i5 wherein the bath contains a wetting agent.

5 ible lm of a phosphate having a stoichiw-- metric composition expressed by the formula.:

hich m has a value of 2 to 1.v

ROBERT N. FOSTER.