US2361858A - Hoist - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 31, 1944. H. J. MAGINNISS ETAL 2,361,358

HOIST Filed Nov. 25, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 31, 1944. H. J. MAGINNISS ETAL 2,361,358

HOIST Filed Nov. 25, 1941 4 Sheds-Sheet :5

ATTORNEY 1944 H. J. MAGINNISS ET AL 2,351,853

' HOIST Filed Nov. 25, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 1 .B. T a 5 Patented Oct. 31, 1944 nors'r Hamilton JIMaginniss and Lester A. Amtsberg,

Cleveland, Ohio, assignors to Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company, New York, N. Y., a corporatlon New Jersey Application November 25, 1941, Serial No. 420,340

This invention relates to hoists and particularly 9 Claims.

to multiple drum hoists oi the kind used for scraper operations in mines.

Such hoists conventionally are comprised of two cable drums mounted in end to end relation on a common base plate and driven from a single constantly rotating drive shaft passed longitudinally through both drums. Individual gearing connects the drive shaft to each of the drums,

and independent control means are provided for rendering the searing efiective and ineffective to transmit rotation to the drums. Thus, the drums are selected for operation independently of one another, making it possible to haul the drag scraper by a positive drive or one drum in one direction while the other drum is free to rotate in the opposite direction to unwind the tail rope with whichthe scraper is subsequently returned to starting position.

The qualities which designers have striven to obtain in hoists of, this class include: simplicity, compactness combined with minimum number of parts, ease of assembly,.and low cost maintenance. All of these are found in the present hoist in a degree surpassing disclosures of the prior art, and it is the general object of the invention to provide a hoisting mechanism so charecteriaed.

.iinother object of the invention is to embody I in the hoist principles of construction applicable to single drum hoists of general utility as well as to special hoists of two, three and higher drum capacities.

These objects have been attained through a novel construction and arrangeemnt of parts, a feature of which is the disposition of all gearing wholly within the respective drums. Heretofore it has been considered necessary to mount at least a part of the gearing outside the drum and the consequent loss of compactness and sym metry was thought to be unavoidable. A further advantage of the internal mounting of the gear train is that the several drums of a multiple drum hoist may be associated with greater facility and each of a pair of drums arranged with the con trol means therefor in juxtaposition at the adjacent ends oi the respective drums.

other objects, and structural details of the invention will be apparent from the following description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a plan view, in elevation of a double drum hoist embodying the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a view, partly in longitudinal section and partly in side elevation of the hoist shown in Fig. 1, the motor bywhich the machine is driven being omitted from this view;

Figs. 3 and 4 are views. in cross section, taken through one of the cable drums along the respective lines 3-3 and 4-4 01 Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a view, in cross section, showing one drum assembly in end elevation and taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 6 is a plan view, in elevation, of a single drum hoist embodying the present invention.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, a double drum hoist constructed in accordance with this invention comprises a rectangular base or bed plate l0. oppositely disposed vertical end plates ii and i2 and a central stanchion or bracket l3 which together constitute the principal supports of the assembly. The uprights ll, l2 and I3 may be fixed to the base ill in any suitable manner as by bolts H (see Fig. 5). Secured to the outer face of the end plate ii is an auxiliary frame to supporting a motor l6.(Fig. 1). A conventional motor of any kind may be used to drive the hoist. The one shown is operated by compressed air and is started and stopped by adjustment of a motor control arm ll.

Extending longitudinally between the end plates II and I2 is a shaft I8 (Fig. 2). For structural reasons the shaft I8 is made in three parts keyed to one another for rotation as a unit by splined couplings it joining the opposite end portions oi the shaft to an intermediate portion passed through the central bracket it. The right hand end of the shaft l8, as viewed in Fig. 2. is supported within the end plate i2 while the left hand end of the shaft is keyed to the motor shaft ti. Consequently, operation of the motor effects positive rotation of the shaft it which thus becomes the main drive shaft of the machine. The fixed supports M, ii and ii are provided with central bearing chambers 22, 23, and M, of which all-except the latter are in the form of longitudinal transverse openings through which the drive shaft i8 passes. Chamber 24 is a recess in the inner face of end plate i2 and contains a centrally positioned thrust block 25 against which the adjacent end of the shaft i8 abuts. Within the respective chambers 22 and 24 are ball bearings providing a support for the adjacent ends of cable drums 26 and 21. On that side of each cable drum which faces the end plate H or H,

\ in the disc 3| permits the passage therethrough of the shaft I8 and of a spindle 32 which has one end within the drum and the opposite end mounted in a bearing in bracket chamber 23. The spindle 32 supports the adjacent end of the cable drum, the disc 3| being mounted thereon through spaced anti-friction bearings 40 and 50 which permit a relative rotational movement of the spindle and drum. The spindle is concentric with the longitudinal axis of the cable drum and is tubular in shape in order that it may surround the shaft l8. Thus neither the spindle nor drum are supported by the shaft I8, but are arranged, rather, as cantilevers, each being mounted in a fixed support at its outer end and joined, at its inner end, to an opposing member similarly mounted. The strength of the connection so effected is determined by the .spacing between the bearings 40 and 50. In the present instance this spacing is such that the rigid alignment of the drum and spindle will be maintained under loads well in excess of two thousand pounds. By lengthening the bearing the capacity of the hoist may be increased. I

The inner end of the spindle 32 flares outward and forms an annular flange paralleling the shaft I8 and having an internal gear 38 thereon. The gear 33 is a part of an epicyclic gear train housed wholly within the cable drum and establishing a driving connection between the shaft I8 and the drum. The gear train comprises further an internal gear 34, slightly smaller in diameter than the gear 33 and spaced longitudinally therefrom, the gear 34 being secured to the inner periphery of the drum and therefore movable with the drum. Cooperable with the gears 33 and 34 are respective sets of planetary pinions 35 and 36 (see also Figs. 3 and 4) carried by a gear cage 31. The cage 31 is rotatable about the shaft I8, being formed with trunnions 38 and 39 resting in respective centrally positioned bearings within the cable drum and the spindle 32. The trunnion 39 is made larger in diameter than the trunnion 38 in order that it may receive a bearing 60, serving as an intermediate support for the shaft I8. The pinions 35 and 36 are embodied in a plurality of assemblies each consisting of a pair of axially aligned pinions 35 and 36 spaced from one another a distance corresponding to the spacing between the gears 33 and 34 and formed as one integral part or otherwise rigidly secured to each other. In the present instance there are three such assemblies the axes of which are spaced 120 degrees apart and disposed about a circle lying within the outer periphery of the gear cage 31. The several assemblies are mounted on respective stub shafts 4| supported in hearings in the gear cage, each assembly being arranged with the pinions 35 in cooperative relation with the gear 33 and the pinions 36 in cooperative relation with the gear 34. Peripheral openings are formed in the gear cage opposite each pair of pinions 35 and 36, through which openings the teeth on the pinions extend into engagement with their respective internal gears. The drive shaft |8 extends v and 36.

through the gear cage 31 and carries a spur gear 42 rotatable with the shaft and meshing with the set of pinions 35. Accordingly, upon rotation of the drive shaft the pinion assemblies are caused to roll within the internal gears 33 and 34, the gear cage 21 bein caused to rotate within its bearings in the same direction as the shaft.

Following the well known principles of operation of the epicyclic gear train the sets of pinions 35 and 36 have an unequal number of teeth, while the teeth on internal gears 33 and 34 are the same in number. Therefore, if, during rotation of the drive shaft, the gear 33 or gear 34 is held stationary the gear not held is constrained to turn relatively to the fixed gear a determined distance during each cycle of the shaft. The ratio of movement between the shaft and the driven gear is determined by the difference in number of teeth between the pinions 35 In the present drawings, each of the pinions 85 has twenty-four teeth while its companion pinion 36 has but twenty-two teeth. The

' driving gear 42 has nine teeth and each gear 33 and. 34 has fifty-seven teeth. Accordingly, when the spindle 82 and its gear 33 are locked against rotation, motion is transmitted from the shaft I8 to the gear 34, and thereby to the drum to which it is fixed, at a ratio of 88:1, the direction of rotation of the drum being the same as that of the driving shaft I8. Should the cable drum be held stationary and the spindle be released the latter receives the motion of the shaft and completes one revolution in 80.7 turns of the shaft I8, but in the opposite direction. If the spindle and drum are released at the same time the spindle will turn while the drum remains comparatively stationary because of its greater inertia. An infinite-number of ear ratios is of course possible through other combinations of the gear elements or by a variable distribution of the gear teeth.

When the hoist is in use the motor and drive shaft I8 customarily are kept in constant operation, while the spindle 32 is caused to function as an alternatively effective reaction member enabling and disabling the driving connection between the shaft and cable drum. Such control of the spindle 32 is obtained through an independent adjustment means cooperable with the spindle to render it fixed or freely rotatable. at the will of the operator. As shown in Figs. 2

' and 5 there is keyed to the hub of spindle 32, at

a point outside the cable drum and between the drum and the central bracket I3, a wheel 43. Arranged about the periphery of the wheel 43 is a conventional friction brake 44 comprising a split band assembly 45, held against rotation by front and rear frame supported stops 46 engaged by abutments 41 on the outer band or strap. Compression of the friction band assembly 45 is accomplished through a toggle-like mechanism bridging the split portion thereof and connecting lugs 48 and 49 positioned on the adjacent ends of the strap. |A rod 5| is pivotally connected atone end to the lug 49 and similarly connected at its other end to a lever 52 ivotally mounted on the lug 48. The rod 5| is connected to the lever 52 at a point between the fulcrum of the lever and the outer end thereof. Thus, oscillation of the lever about its fulcrum serves to reciprocate the rod and thereby tighten and loosen the friction bands with respect to the wheel 43. With the lever 52 moved downward into substantial alignment with the rod 5|, as shown in Fig. 5, the brake'ls effective to lock the bered respectively 55 and 58.

wheel 43 against rotation and the spindle 82 becomes a reaction member enforcing a relative turninglmovement oi the cable drum upon operation of the drive shaft and associatedgearins within the drum. with the lever 52 raised to a position substantially at right angles to the rod the clutch bands are allowed to expand to a loose, ineffective position. As a result the wheel 43 and spindle 82 are free to rotate and the driving connection between the shaft II and the cable drum is disabled.

Rotation of the cable drum iurther is controlled by a second friction clutch mounted directly on the drum and acting as a brake therefor. The drum brake, indicated at 53, is similar in all respects to the brake 44 onwheel 44 but is mounted on the opposite side of the drum about an annular flange 54 thereof. The brake 53 is operated in the same manner as the brake 44 and acts, when tightened, to hold the cable drum against rotation. In the operation of the hoist the brake 44 and brake 53 are rendered alternately eflective and ineffective, the brake being disabled when the brake is reflective, and applied to prevent accidental rotation 01' the drum when the brake is made inefiective.

In assemblin a pair of drums like that above described, in a double drum hoist, the drums may be opposed or placed in tandem relation. erably the drums are opposed, as is here shown, in order that the; respective brake mechanisms may be positioned adjacent one another on opposite sides of the central bracket II. The brakes associated with the drum 21 are num- The operating levers 52 of the several brake toggles extend forwardly in a direction parallel to the motor control arm i1, all the control elements of the hoist thereby being arranged for convenient manipulation by the operator. The separate cable drums 2i; and 21 are axially aligned, with the spindles 32 of the respective assemblies extending into onposite sides of the chamber 23 in bracket is and mounted in individual bearings therein for independent rotation. In the operation of the double drum hoist only one drum 26 or 2'! is pulling a load at any instant, the other drum being declutched from the drive shaft and acting to pay out the cable thereon. Consequently,

the machine is controlled through manipulation the machine is operated under the control or the motor and brake. According to this method the motor is operated intermittently, being alternately started and stopped as it is desired to begin and discontinue pulling of the load. The cable can be paid out either by reversing the motor or by releasing the brake bands. Either of the above methods of operation can be used whether the hoist is powered by an electric or pneumatic motor. In a pneumatic motor drive. however. the second method is preferable because it conserves air, A gasoline motor drive may be used in the first method.

It will be evident that the principles oi construction here disclosed are applicable generally to single and multiple drum hoists whatever their use. Also, it is evident that a hoist having a greater number of drums than two can be devised merely by lengthening base II and shaft Prefof the brake mechanisms 44 and with the motor running continuously. While one drum is pulling, the brake on the other drum may be applied.

In a, single drum hoist, as shown in Fig. 6, the central bracket i3 is omitted. The drum and its associated elements are supported between two end plates 51 and 58 corresponding to the plates ill and H of Figs. 1 and 2. In all other points of construction the single and double drum hoists are substantially the same. The single drum hoist can be operated in either oi two ways:

1. With the motor running continuously the clutch it is made eflective and the brake 8i is disabled. Tightening the brake bands secures the reaction gear against rotation, thus causing the cable drum to rotate when the brake is disabled. To pay out the cable the brake is rendered ineffective whereby the relative movement within the epicyclic gear train is expended in rotation of the reaction member and the cable drum permitted freedom of rotation controlled only by the brake 6|.

2. With the brake bands permanently tight,

I8, while end plate I! is moved outward and replaced in its present position by another bracket ll.

What is claimed is:

1. In a multiple drum hoist, the combination of vertical stationary supports comprising oppositely disposed end plates and a central bracket intermediate said end plates, said bracket have. ing a longitudinal opening therein, a pair of coaxial spindles projecting in opposite directions from said central bracket and having their adjacent inner ends rotatably mounted in the longitudinal opening therein, a cable drum disposed between each of said end plates and said central bracket, each of said drums having one end Journaled in one of said end plates and the other end rotatably mounted on a respective one of said coaxial spindles, the outer ends oi said spindles lying within said drums, a rotatable shaft passed longitudinally through said drums and said spindles, an epicyclic gear train within each of said drums establishing a driving connection between the drum and said shaft, each of said trains including a reaction gear on a respective one of said spindles, and independently operable means outside said drums for controlling rotation of each of said spindles to render the respective gear trains selectively effective and ineffective.

2. A multiple drum hoist according to claim 1, characterized in that said independently operable rneans comprise wheels mounted on opposite sides of said central bracket between said drums and said bracket and secured to the respectlve spindles, and brake means associated with each wheel and independently adjustable in order that each wheel and thereby its associated spindle may individually be locked or released ior rotation.

In a multiple drum hoist, the combination of vertical stationary supports comprising oppositely disposedend plates and a central bracket intermediate said end plates, a cable drum rotatably mounted between each oi said end plates and said central bracket, a rotatable shaft passed longitudinally through said drums and said bracket, an epicyclic gear train wholly enclosed within each oi said drums and establishing a driving connection between its associated drum and said shaft, each of said gear trains including a reaction member concentric with said shaft and formed with a hub rotatably surrounding said shaft and extending from said drum into a mounting in said central bracket, the hubs and drums having mutually engaging and overlapping bearing portions intermediate the end plates and the central bracket forming cantilever systems extending in opposite directions from said central bracket and in which said bearing portions provide mutual supports for said reaction members and the inner ends of said drums.

4. In a hoist, the combination of spaced supports, a cable drum rotatably mounted between said supports, a drive shaft extending rotatably into said drum, an epicyclic gear train within said drum establishing a driving connection between. said shaft and said drum, said gear train comprising an internalgear integral with said drum and an internal gear acting as a reaction member, said reaction member having one end extending outside said drum into one of said spaced supports and providing a supportnig bearing located between said supports for exclusively supporting the adjacent end of said drum, a mounting for the other end of said drum in the other of said spaced supports, and a rotatable gear cage comprised in said gear train carrying pinions rolling in said internal gears, said cage having a bearing at one end and in said drum and at the other end in said reaction member.

5. In a multiple drum hoist, the combination of spaced stationary supports comprising oppositely disposed end plates and a central bracket intermediate said end plates, said bracket having a longtiudinal opening therein, a pair of coaxial spindles projecting in opposite directions from said central bracket and having their adjacent inner ends rotatably mounted in the longitudinal opening therein, a cable drum disposed between each of said end plates and said central bracket, each 'of said drums having one end journaled in one of said end plates and the other end rotatably mounted on a respective one of said coaxial spindles, a rotatable shaft Passed longitudinally through said drums and said spindles, an epicyclic gear train establishing a driving connection between each of said drums and said shaft, each of said trains including a reaction gear on the associated spindle, and independently operable means for controlling rotation of each of said spindles to render the respective gear trains selectively effective and ineffective.

6. In a multiple drum hoist, the combination of spaced stationary supports comprising oppositely disposed end plates and a central bracket intermediate said end plates, said bracket having a longitudinal opening therein, a pair of coaxial spindles projecting in opposite directions from aid central bracket and having their adjacent inner ends rotatably mounted in the longitudinal opening therein, a cable drum disposed between each of said end plates and said central bracket, each of said drums having one end journaled in one of said end plates and the other end rotatably mounted on a respective one of said coaxial spindles, a rotatable shaft passed longitudinally through said drums and said spindles and supported thereby, and means establishing a driving connection between each of said drums and said shaft.

'7. In a multiple drum hoist, the combination of a pair of cable drums placed in end-to-end relation, a plurality of stationary supports including plates adjacent the respective outer ends of said drums and a central bracket between said drums, a rotatable shaft supported between said end plates and extending rotatably through said drums and said central bracket, means within each of said drums capable (if-establishing a driving connection between said shaft and its re apective drum, said means including a rotatable hollow spindle extending through the inner end of the drum into a bearing in said central bracket and adapted when held against rotation to become a reaction member rendering said driving connection effective, the adjacent inner ends of said drums and respectively corresponding portions of the spindles being mutually supported in cantilever connections intermediate the respectively associated end plates and the central bracket while the outer ends of said drums are journaled in said end plates, and independently operable brake means located on opposite sides of said central bracket between said bracket and the respective drums for controlling rotation of said spindles.

8. In multiple drum hoist, the combination of spaced stationary supports comprising oppositely disposed end plates and an intermediate central bracket, said bracket having a longitudinal opening therein, a pair of coaxial hollow spindles projecting in opposite directions from said central bracket and having their adjacent inner ends rotatably mounted in the longitudinal opening therein, a cable drum disposed between each of said end plates and said central bracket, each of said drums having the one or outer end thereof journaled in one of said end plates and the other or inner end engaged in a cantilever connection with the respectively adjacent spindle intermediate the respectively associated end plate and the centra1 bracket, a shaft extending rotatably longitudinally through said drums and said spindles, means controlled by said spindles capable of establishing a driving connection between each of said drums and said shaft, each said means being made effective and ineffective by preventing and allowing the rotation of its associated spindle, and independently operable brake means located on opposite sides of said central bracket between said bracket, and the respective drums for controlling rotation of said spindles.

9. In a hoist, the combination oi first and secand spaced stationary supports, a rotatable spindle having one end mounted in said first support and arranged with its opposite and extending a distance toward said second support, a rotatable cable drum having one end journaled in said second support and having its opposite end extending a distance toward said first support into cooperative relation with said spindle, the respectively adjacent ends of said drum and spindle being mutually supported in a cantilever connection, said cantilever connection including two bearing means spaced a distance apart upon said spindle and disposed within the mentioned oppostie end of said drum in a pair of positions located between said supports, a shaft extending rotatably into said drum, means controlled by said spindle capable of establishing a driving connection between said shaft and said drum, said means being made effective and ineifective by preventing and allowing the rotation of said spindie, and brake means located between said drum and said first support for controlling the rotation of said spindle.

- HAMILTON J. MAGINNISS.

LESTER A. AMTSBERG.

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