US2361280A - Method and machine for knitting - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 24, 1944. o. FREGr-:OLLE A A 1 2,361,280

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR KNITTING Oct. $124, 1944. ofx-REGEOLLE 2,351,280

METHOD AND MACHINE Fn KNIT'TING Filed April 21, 194:5 "r sheets-sheet 2 Oct. 24, 1944. o, FREGELLE l 2,361,280

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METHOD AND MACHINEFOR KNITTING Filed April`21, 1943 7 sheets-sheet e V1/Ma wwe/zwemm- Bj/@ff l rry l oct. 24, 1944. o. FREGEOLLE 2,361,280

METHOD AND MACHINE FOR KNITTING Filed April 21, 1943 7 Sheets-Shed' 7 Ffa 2a I Patented Oct. 24,- 1944 METHOD AND 2,361,230 MACHINE. Foa m'rrnfe Oscar Fregeolle, Central Falls, R. I., assigner to Hemphill Company, Central Falls, R.. I., a corporation of Massachnsetta l Application April 21', 1943, serial No. 483,869

(cil ca -93) 15,0laims.

This case concerns an invention in circular, independent needle ty'pe knitting machines adapted to knit the so-called Kushion-Footv stockings. In this hosiery pile or terry loops are formed at the inner face of the fabric in such parts of the foot as are desired. Preferably, the said pile, or terry vloops are formed at the heel and vtoe and at the sole of such hosiery. If desired, these loops may also appear in the high splice.

In knitting in a rotary fashion, there is no particular' diiilculty encountered in causing the pile loops to appear at desired wales and courses.

The pile yarn is fed over sinker nibs, and sinker loops of that yarn are'drawn which are longer and project at the inner side ofthe fabric. Said :ner for the remainder of the` course without any particular trouble, but since the two yarns, that is, the pile yarn and the body yarn, feed fairly close together even with as much separation as is practicable, and converge toward the knitting point 'when engaged byneedles, it is diiicult to project a rst sinker nib between them In other words, at the start of a reciprocatory course, the natural tendency of these yarns is to feed into sinker throats despite the fact sink'ers are projected inwardly with the intent that their nibs shall separate the yarns.

In the invention herein described a picking action is applied to the leading needle in the short butt group knitting during reciprocatory work, for the lpurposeof causing that needle to engage only the body yarn to draw it downfwardly causing a maximum separation ofthe two yarns. This accompanied by proper timing oi' the sinker projection assures that the very first sinker over 'which the pile yarn might be drawn is actually projected so that its nib sepaloops act to cushion the foot and are especially needles as the short butt group moves in either direction, that needle will engage only the lower or body yarn.

The invention is herein described by refer-f ence to an illustration of one preferred embodiment of the same.

In the'lgures of the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing part of the carrier ring and yarn lever assembly and showing feeding in a clockwisereciprocatory stroke.

Fig. 2 is a section through Fig. 1 and illustrating the same mechanism.

Fig.3 is a plan view similar to Fig. 1, but illustrating only the body yarn'feeding means.

Fig. 4 is a section through Fig. 3 showing more of the detail of that body yarn feeding means.

Fig. 5 is a detailed view of the elements shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but as seen from within the circle of needles.

Fig. 6 is a plan view, parts being broken away, showing sinker cams and the pathway of sinker butts in clockwise strokes.

rates the yarns afterv which the pile yarn draws over all sinker nibs' and, of course, the body yarn is dra'wn in sinker throats. l

In addition to the picking of needles as above 'mentioned the body and pile yarns are fed by specially devised mechanism and in a novel manneedle.

Fig. '7 is a detail .view showing certain mechanism as applied to the control of the special pile yarn feeding lever. 'l

Fig. 8 is a detail of that means which is employed to actuate the movable sinker cam.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the needle pick a't the main cam block.

Fig. 10 shows the mechanism of Fig. 9 as seen from the inside of the needle circle.

Fig. 11 is a section taken vertically through the center 'of the picking mechanism.

Fig. l2 is an elevation of the earnl block to which the pick is applied.

Fig. 13 is a detail, greatly enlarged, showing the rst needle in the short butt group starting wardly. Y

ner to assure the greatest separation of the yarns l and also to assure that in the picking of leading vand the manner in which Fig. 17 is a view showing the knitting detail of Fig. 16, but as seen from a different view point. Fig. 18 is a detail view showing the pathway followed by a needle which has been .picked down the following needle butts ride above the pick its wise connected a guide or eyelet I9.

' the body yarn to be drawn above sinker nibs.

Fig. V,20 shows the manner of feeding the pile y yarn and the body yarn in counter-clockwise strokes of knitting.

Fig. 21 shows the position of those parts when feeding is in the opposite or clockwise direction.

Fig. 22 is a conventional illustration of a stocking knitted in the manner herein described.

Now referring to the gures of the drawings, in Figs. 1 and 2 there is shown a carrier ring a sinker cam cap 2 and a-few of the needles 3 as they are passing the mouthpiece in the carrier ring in a clockwise direction. In the extension 4 to the carrier ring there are pivoted at 5 the usual plurality of yarn levers of which two are important for an understanding of the invention herein involved. A body yarn 6 is fed by the yarn lever generally designated by numeral 1 and a pile yarn 8 is fed by a lever similarly indicated by numeral 3.

In Fig, 2 the needle cylinder I0 has the usual sinker head II on which is carried the cap previously indicated by numeral 2. The topmost part of a yarn lever control box I2 is shown and in that control box are a plurality of controlling levers I3 pivoted at I4 each of which is actuated in a well known manner, see U. S. Patent #933,- 443. A

The pile yarn'8 must be fed in such a way that it is delivered out of its eyelet or guide in the lever 9 at a distance from the passing needles, and, in either'directon of reciprocation of the needles, will be drawn through the appropriate corner of the mouthpiece. To accomplish this in a simplied and eifective manner the lever 9 has been specially constructed so that a spring portion I is attached to the part I6 which pivots at 5. A spring I1 urges the lever in a direction so that it remains in feeding position, Fig. 2, except when raised by contact of the end of lever I3 with a lower projection I8 extending beneath the spring part of thelever I5. To the end ofsthe spring portion l5 is soldered or other- The lever is stopped by a screw I6', and by adjustment of that screw, the feeding position of eyelet I9 can be varied.

This lever may be swung from one side to the other since the spring portion I5 is suitably flexible for the purpose. As actually constructed, the portion I5 is bent permanently so that it assumes the position of Fig. 20 unless otherwise affected. In that position the yarn 8 will feed as intended through the corner of the mouthpiece for counter-clockwise strokes or in straighta-way or rotary work. When clockwise strokes of knitting occur as in knitting a heel or toe, the sinker cam cap will be moved with the cylinder and sinker head II and that movement is availed of to bend the spring portion of the leverv I5 to the position of Figs. 1 and 21 so that the The extension 23 projects up further than either of the adjacent levers and when a yarn change is effected, the spring lever 9 cannot interfere with that yarn change nor can that lever become crossed.over to assume a wrong position.

The yarn 6, as before stated, feeds through lever 1 and that lever is so designed as to feed its yarn at a low position very close to the center of the mouthpiece. The mouthpiece has a lower plate 24 which is cut away at the center portion so that the end of the lever 1 assumes such a position that the eyelet I8 of the first mentioned or spring lever can swing to and fro above lever 1 without interference.

The lever 1 is really a forwardly extending projection having suitable eyelets through which the yarn is threaded and a part of a vertically disposed rectangular slide 25. This slide 25 moves within a guide generally indicated by numeral 26. A spring 21 maintains it in' downward position except when raised by one of the levers I3 which contacts with the engaging part 28 at the lower end of the slide 25. v

The lever 1 feeds a body yarn during at least the knitting of those parts of the foot in which pile yarn is incorporated. The yarn lever 9 feeds its pile yarn preferably only during heel and toe knitting. Another lever not necessarily described here, but preferably the lever 29, Figs. 20 and 21, feeds a pile yarn in the high-splice and in the sole of the foot. This lever 29 is what is commonly known as a jumping linger and feeds its yarn for a part revolution only.

In Fig. '7 the lug 2| is shown in detail, the same being attached by suitable screws to the cam cap This lug 2| is specially shaped as shown so as to allow space for a movable cam, later to be described, and which is controlled at times to be moved inwardly and at other times, to move out 40 to an inactive position. The surface 30 of the lug 2| is rounded so that whenever the yarn lever 9 is raised to inactive position and is then lowered, the extension 22 on the spring portion of the lever will automatically find its proper position.

In Fig. 6 the cam cap 2 has been cut away to illustrate the sinkercam 3| at the front, the regular sinker cam 32 at the back, and the movable cam 33 cooperating therewith as well as the pile yarn will then feed through the opposite f for the purpose of maintaining the proper rela- A tionshipof this lever with its adjacent lvrs,

center sinker cam 34. The center sinker cam is of the usual type and cam 32 has no unusual characteristics. It has a casting off point 35 which corresponds to the casting oif point 36 on cam 3|, each of these performing its intended function in its respective direction of knitting.

When knitting the pile yarn, since it is drawn over sinker nibs, the sinkers over the nibs of which it is to be drawn must be moved inwardly earlier than usual, and for that purpose, the point 31 on the movable cam 33 functions in counterclockwise directions of knitting while a correspondingly placed point 38 on the cam 3| performs a like function when the knitting elements are moving in a clockwise direction. Cam 3| need not be movable in a machine for knitting hosiery of this type and, in fact, since all heels and toes are to have the pile loops, all sinkers functioning with that group of needles knitting the pile must be pushed in. Thus the point 38 is always necessary in these clockwise strokes during knitting the heel and toe.

The cam 33 is pivoted at 39 and a spring 40 engageable with the extending end 4| normally moves that cam outwardly. In its outermost position it will have no effect and the only sinker movement during counter-clockwise movement of the needles will be a casting off action under the iniluence of the cam point 35. To move the cam 33 inwardly so that its point 31 will function on sinker butts to move their nibs between the yarns, a plate 42 contacts a pin 43. This pin 43 projects downwardly from cam 33 and is contacted by a surface of the plate 42 which is concentric with the needle cylinder and sinker cap. This concentric surface is of suilcient extent so that the pin 43 will be engaged even though the cam cap oscillates to and fro throughout several degrees.

A stem 44 projects outwardly from plate 42 and is guided within a bracket 45 so that it may move radially of the cylinder. A lever 46 is pivoted at 41 and engages a pin 48 by means of its forked end, the said pin projecting upwardly from the stem 44. This lever 46 is moved at appropriate times by means of connections through to the main pattern drum or to some other suitable patt tern means. If it is to be controlled so that cam 33 moves out with relatively great vfrequency, then it would preferably be controlled from the striper mechanism or by some similar pattern device. A stop 49 prevents outward movement of the cam 33 beyond a predetermined point.

Now referring to Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12, a cam block 5|) is of the` usual construction and that cam block would normally be held in a proper position by key 5|. The key itself is modified as herein shown by drilling and tapping so that a pin 52 may be inserted in the drilled hole and retained in position by a lock screw 53. This pin serves as a pivot for a yoke generally indicated by numeral 54. The pin 52 has a collar 55 and is threaded for a retaining screw 56 which with a Washer 51 completes the bearing for the yoke. This yoke may swing to and fro and is so constructed as to have the inclined sides 58 and 59 down the inner surfaces of which a pick 6D may be guided. vThe yoke swings to and fro throughout a small angle and also carries at its upper end a cam6| which serves to guide needle butts which have passed up over the end of the stitch cams 62 or 63 so that the leading one of those needle butts will be engaged by the pick.

The pick itself is universally pivoted. It is connected to swing laterally in a bearing within the spindle 64. That spindle is in turn movable in the bracket 65 so that the pick may be swung vertically. A spring 66 is so attached to the bracket and to a projecting element 61 from the pick vthat it serves by its tension to retain the pick upwardly in the position of Figs. 10 and 11, except as it is otherwise moved.

As just stated the pick will be engaged by the first needle butt to move up cam 62 or cam 63 depending upon the direction of knitting. Such a butt will, when it strikes cam 6|, swing the cam to the left or right as the case may be and then pass down the cam and engage the notch in the end of the pick. Then the movement of the needle butt will force the pick to swing and move down the incline 59 or 58. This downward movement continues until the receding motion of the butt and pick causes them to disengage.

Figs. 13-20 illustrate the feeding and knitting of the body and pile yarns, respectively, in the rst full course of the heel knitted in counter-clock- `vvise direction, needle 68 being the last short butt have been raised previously to the so-called instep height.

Thus the short butt needle herein designated by numeral 69 has been raised as its butt passed up cam 62, then lowered down cam 6| on the yoke 54 and the butt 19 oi the needle 69 is shown in Fig. 13 just as it has engaged pick 66. Of course, the yoke has been swung to the left.

The spring yarn lever has been released by the lug 2| and has moved over to the left, Fig. 13, so that eyelet I9 feeds the pile yarn very close to that corner of the mouthpiece. Of course, yarn 6 feeds in the middle of the mouthpiece and the timing is such that pick 60 will move needle 69 down to engage yarn 6 at such a time that it could not possibly engage yarn 8. The needle 69 after it has engaged yarn 6 is shown in Figs. 14 and 15.

In Fig. 16 the cycle has progressed to a point where needle 69 has been picked down by pick 60 so that it has drawn the yarn 6 to the level of sinker throats. This picking movement assures that the body yarn is at that level when sinkers move in. It also pulls the fabric down, the same having a tendency to creepupward after sinkers have been withdrawn by the center sinker cam 34, see Fig. .13. It also, in combination with the spaced feeding illustrated in Figs. 13 and 14, assures that yarns 6 and 8 are maintained sufficiently far apart so that the sinker nibs when projected inwardly, will engage between them. Of course, the cam point 31 is vin the position of Fig. 6 and sinkers 1| have their nibs 12 pushed inwardly at that particular point. In Figs. 16 and 1'1 it can be seen .that the needle 68 with the instep group has both yarns about its shank, the needle 69 having been picked down drawing yarn 6 down, but not engaging yarn 8. Yarn 8 is not engaged or drawn down until the next following needle 13 is lowered by its stitch cam. Nibs of the next two sinkers following the sinker numbered 1l are projected in so that yarn 6 is held in their throats while the yarn 8 passes above their nibs. Thus the very rst sinker which could move between these yarns to draw a pile loop is thus effectively caused to engage the pile yarn over its nib.

In Fig. 20 the cycle has progressed to that point' wherel needle 69 has drawn its stitch from yarn 6 and has cast oi the previously held loop. Yarn 8 has been measured over the top of two sinker nibs and is being drawn by the next needle 13 and will be so drawn by all following needles in the group. All needles after needle 69 draw both yarns 6 and 8, drawing yarn 6 in the throats and yarn 8 over the nibs. In this view the relative feeding positions of the yarns in the mouthpiece is well illustrated. In each of these figures the dot and dash lines at 14 serve to show the throat level of sinkers while the line 15 shows the level of the tops of nibs. l

In Fig. 21 the relative positions of yarn feeding levers 1 and 9 is shown for clockwise strokes of knitting. It is to be understood that the picking movement and, in fact, conditions of feeding and drawing the yarns is the same in this direction as that just described in respect vto counter-clockwise strokes of knitting. In that direction the point 38 on cam 3| moves sinkers so that their nibs engage between the yarns. Of course, the picking mechanism functions just as it did according to Figs. 13-18, except in the opposite direction.

AIn Fig. 18 the pathway of needle butts is shown at 16 and those needle butts are illustrated as they ride u p front stitch cam 62, then down under cam SI and draw stitches beneath the rear stitch cam t3.l Theleading needle 69 does not engage the stitch cam 63 until after it has been released by the pick 60. When released it moves along in an independent pathway 11 until engaged by cam 63. Here the pick 60 -has been moved back by spring 66, but cannot return to its topmost position until al1 the short butt needles have passed. Those short butt needles ride above the end of the pick after the same has been released from the butt of needle 69. A similar mode of operation prevails for the opposite direction of knitting.

As the narrowing of the heel progresses the last short butt needle to knit in any course will be picked upV at the beginning of the succeeding course by the usual narrowing picks thus 4placing itin the long butt group and the succeeding needle then becomes the first short butt needle and this will beacted upon by pick 60 after passing over stitch cam 62 or 63 and under cam 6I. During widening the first needle butt which engages either one of the stitch cams will be picked down by pick 60. In every case the needle picked down by pick 60 will carry body yarn 6 with it and provide effective separation betwiaen the body yarn and the pile yarn to insure that the first sinker nib projected inwardly will pass between them.

In Fig. J9 the hook of needle 69 is shown engaging and having drawn yarn 6 in the throats of the first two sinkers 1I. Nibs 12 have yarn 8 drawn over them as needle 13 is moved downwardly and the same action will continue as following needles draw yarn 8 over nibs and yarn 6 in sinker throats.

In Fig. 22 there'is shown a stocking which has a top 18. leg 19 and a foot which includes the toe 80, sole 8l, heel 82, high-splice 83 and instep 84. Here the heel, sole and toe have pile loops throughout their entire extent. By the mechanism described each loop in each course will have a pile loop at its sinker wale, the first such loop in each reciprocatory course really extending over two sinker wales and theintervening needle wale. Heretofore, it has been possible at best to have a pile loop in about the third or fourth loop from the leading needle loop in reciprocatory work.

It is not necessary to withdraw pick 60 during rotary work since the pick will merely ride underneath needle butts once that work has started. However. if desired, mechanism may be provided to hold the pick 60 downwardly or to withdraw it to an inactive position.

Operation At the start of knitting a stocking any top desired may be formed such as a mock rib top having elastic yarn or not. as the case may be, or a true rib ton may b e transferred 'to the needles. Then the leg is knitted in the usual manner with or without a reinforced high-splice 83 as desired. At the start of knitting in the heel there is a yarn change effected to feed yarns 6 and 8. At such a yarn change, the plate 42 is moved outwardly so that cam 33 will'be moved out by spring 40. Then nibs of sinkers will not interfere with the change of yarns.

The lever 1 is moved to the feeding position and lever` 9 is also moved to its feeding position and. of course, prior to the first clockwise stroke in the heel` the`so-called instepv cams will have moved all long butt needles to the instep position.

From that point on pick 60 will move the leading needle in the short butt group downwardly as illustrated and described herein. That will separate the yarns and allow the nibs of the sinkers on either side of the needle referred to to move between yarns 6 and 8. The yarn feeding lever 9 automatically takes the position of Fig. 20 in counter-clockwise strokes and in clockwise strokes is moved over to the position of Figs. l and 21 by the lug 2| on the sinker cam cap 2. Narrowing and widening progress throughout the heel knitting and that causes certain of the short butt needles to operate temporarily with the long butt group. However, picking continues as above described so that the operation as here. illustrated is not altered except for the number of needles actually engaging and drawing yarns 6 and 8 at different points inthe knitting of the heel.

After finishing the heel the foot is knitted with the pile yarn appearing in the sole portion only. .Ihat pile yarn may be yarn 8, or more preferably it will be a separate yarn knitted by the lever 29. In that event yarn lever 9l will be raised to inactive position and lever 29 will move down to feeding position. It is only necessary to withdraw cam 33 in the event a yarn change is made with respect to yarn 6 or any other yarn feeding in the throat.

Lever 29 has mechanism affecting it by means of which it feeds for half a revolution, and is withdrawn during the other half revolution. Thus the pile yarn will be drawn over sinker nibs at the sole side of the stocking only and will be floated across to the opposite side, said floats being cut later in any desired manner.

After knitting the sole of the foot, a change is made and the toe is formed in a similar manner to that described with respect to the heel.

The invention has been described by reference to a specic embodiment of the same in a typical hosiery machine. This description is illustrative only and is not to be taken in a limiting sense since many variations may be resorted to which would fall within the scope of the invention as originally conceived. The invention is defined in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A method of increasing the effective separation between two feeding yarns which are to be knitted at a common knitting point which includes the steps of feeding one of said yarns below the other engaging the lower of said yarns only in a needle hook and drawing said needle downwardly the next following needle engages both of said yarns.

2. A method of increasing the effective separation between two feeding yarns so as to project sinker nibs between said yarns which includes the steps of feeding a topmost yarn above and angularly spaced from the other yarn, engaging the said other or lower yarn in the hook of a needle and drawing said needle downwardly to pull that yarn down and away from the topmost yarn and projecting sinker nibs inwardly before they are engaged by the topmost yarn and after the lower yarn has been drawn down to the level of sinker throats.

3. A method of knitting reciprocatory work in a circular, independent needle knitting machine which includes the steps of feeding two yarns, one above the other and laterally spaced therefrom in the direction of knitting, engaging the lowermost of said yarns in a needle -hook and picking that needle downwardly to draw that yarn to the level of sinker throats and projecting sinker ni'bs in'- wardly so that the said lowermost yarn is engaged in the throats thereof prior to engagement of the topmost yarn over the nibs of said sinkers.

4. Feeding means for a circular, independent needle knitting machine which includes in combination a mouthpiece, a yarn lever substantially at the center of said mouthpiece and `so conl stiructed as to feed its yarn at a low level in that mouthpiece and a second feeding lever constructed so as to be flexed laterally andv being operable at such a height as to be moved across the top of the rst mentioned lever without interference therewith.v

5. Feeding means fora knitting machine including in combination a mouthpiece, a plurality of yarn feeding levers vertically movable in said mouthpiece and one lever., among said plurality constructed so as to be flexed laterally toward either corner of the mouthpiece and having a exible, upwardly projecting extension so con-l structed that when said flexible lever is moved upwardly the extension will guide it to its proper position between the next adjacent levers.

6. A yarn feeding leyer for a knitting machine having in combination' a pivoting support, a exible portion extending from said support and having at its end a yarn guiding eyelet and an extension projecting from the said flexible portion of the lever for maintaining it in position between adjacent levers.

7. A yarn feeding lever for a knitting machine having in combination a supporting part adapted to be swung about a pivot, an extendingiiexible part connected to said rst mentioned portion and having a yarn guiding eyelet at its end, an

f extension for maintaining said lever in proper relationship between its adjacent,` levers and a second projecting portion Iby means of which the flexible part of the lever may be bent in one direction. I

8. In a knitting machine the combination of yarn feeding means including av mouthpiece,

means for feeding two yarns in said mouthpiece,

one said yarn through a corner of the mouth' piece and the other yarn adjacent the center of I, the mouthpiece and lower than that at the cor' ner, a group of needles and sinkers, said sinkers having nilbs adapted to be projected between the l feeding yarns, and picking means for drawing a machine, the combination of needles and sinkers, a cam block having stitch cams and a mouthpiece in which are operatively positioned a plurality of yarn feeding levers, a pick for needles positioned adjacent the center of said cam block and operable between the stitch cams for picking down a needle in a-group of needles as they pass the said mouthpiece in either direction.

11. In a circular, independent needle knitting machine vthe combination of needles and sinkers adapted to be reciprocated to and fro, a mouthpiece having yarn feeding levers/ therein, a cam block at the mouthpiece having stitch cams and a picking mechanism which includes a yoke, a center cam and a pick, the said center cam'being so constructed as to move needles downwardly to `engage the pick after said needles have been raised over the top of either one of the stitchl yarn feeding lever constructed at least in part.

from relatively flexible material so as to be readily bent in a lateral direction, a lug on said sinker cam cap engageable with a` part of said lever and operable in at least one direction to flex the lever from one feeding ,position to an opposite feeding position.

14. In a circular, independent needle knitting machine the combination of a carrier ring, a sinker cam cap reciprocable to and fro throughout a predetermined angular extent, a yarn feeding means including a plurality of feeding levers, a mouthpiece and one of said levers being supported at the center of the mouthpiece while a second said lever is positioned adjacent one side of the mouthpiece and is so constructed as to be readily exed laterally, the said lever normally being bent in a direction so that it will feed its yarn through one corner of the mouthpiece, a

gv lug on the sinker cam cap engageable with a part of said flexible lever and operable to bend the Y lever over the first mentioned lever so that it will means for feeding two yarns in said mouthpiece,

down a needle in said group so that it will engage the lower feeding yarn only in its hook thereby to draw that yarn downwardly and away` from 1o. m e emmer, independent needle knitting feed its yarn at the opposite side of said centrallyv .located lever and in the opposite corner of the circular, independent needle, knitting machiney Y which includes the steps of feeding two yarns one "the yarn feeding through the corner of the` mouthpiece.'

below the other to the needles of a group of needles said group including less than the entire number of needles, picking down' the first needle of that group which will knit in a given course so as to engage and draw down the lower yarn only tothereby increase the effective separation between the two yarns, and projecting sinkers inwardly so that their nibs will pass between the said two yarns.

OSCAR FREGEOILE.

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