US2356575A - Process for the cathodic treatment of metals - Google Patents
Process for the cathodic treatment of metals Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2356575A US2356575A US326494A US32649440A US2356575A US 2356575 A US2356575 A US 2356575A US 326494 A US326494 A US 326494A US 32649440 A US32649440 A US 32649440A US 2356575 A US2356575 A US 2356575A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- metals
- cathode
- iron
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 37
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 37
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen atom Chemical compound [H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001668 ameliorated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
Definitions
- Electrolytic treatment that is to say the application of an external source of electric current.By this means one can either obtain (a) an electrodeposited layer of another metal (as for instance in nickel and chromium plating); (b) a deposit of an oxide or a salt of the metal to be protected (as for instance in the case of the anodic treatment of aluminium or the silicate treatment of magnesium); or (c) the electrodeposition of the oxide of another metal, always more or less mixed with the oxide of the metal to be protected (as for instance in the case of the treatment of magnesium with alternating current in a solution containing chromic ions).
- the present invention has for its object an entirely new process for the protection of metals, which has given surprisingly good results. Its basis consists in utilising an electric current produced galvanically, by which means a deposit is obtained on the metal object it is desired to protect;.that is to say one operates without employing any external source of electric current.
- the electric current which serves to deposit the protective coating is obtained by joining two different immersed metals, one of which functions as cathode and the other as anode, by means of an external conducting circuit.
- the protective layer deposited on the metal is of uniform thickness irrespective of the form of the metal object on which it is deposited. This is so even in the event of the said metal object presenting hollows or recesses; whereas if electrolytic processes of protection are employed, the protective layer on such hollows or recesses is usually not uniform in thickmess.
- the present invention permits moreover of depositing a film of oxides other than those of the metal to be protected, which fact is of particular importance in the case of iron whose oxides act as catalytic promotors of deep seated corrosion.
- the bath may consist of any solution hereinafter mentioned which permits of obtaining a galvanic current with the electrodes chosen.
- the inventor has found that particularly eflicacious results are obtained when employing solutions containing salts, oxides, acids or basesdn which figure a metal capable of two or more degrees of oxidation, whose lower valency compounds are insoluble in water, such for example as manganese, chromium, titanium, vanadium or molybdenum ⁇
- the solution is reduced in the neighbourhood of the cathode with result that a layer of insoluble oxide is deposited and fixes itself firmly to the cathode.
- the cathode may be constituted by an object of iron or aluminium which it is desired to protect, while the anode consists of magnesium or zinc.
- both metals become coated with adherent deposits having for basis an oxide of manganese highly resistant to corrosion.
- the solution consists of KMnO4 and chromic priate solution and connect it by means of an external electric circuit to another more electropositive metal also immersed in the same solution, which more electropositive metal then functions as anode. For instance if an object of iron is thus connected to an object of aluminium, a galvanic electric current traverses the solution, and hydrogen is evolved on the iron which functionsas cathode. .7
- the inventor has moreover made the surprising discovery that this action of degreasing can be still further increased and ameliorated if the potential difference between the anode and cathode acid, the anodes are composed of magnesium and I the cathodes of objects of iron or aluminium which it is desired to protect.
- the potential difference is about 1.9 volts.
- the iron or aluminum becomes coated with a uniform film of MnaOa free from A1203 or FeaOa. An identical film is deposited at the same time on the magnesium anodes.
- the present invention also covers the same treatment when applied to the degreasing of metals. It is general knowledge that nascent hydrogen serves as an excellent means of thoroughLv degreasing metals.
- the manner in which the present invention of degreasing metals is put into effect is to immerse the metal in an approisincreased by hanging upon the same metallic support to which the object to be degreased is attached, objects composed-of another substance which have the power either of increasing the said potential difference, or even of lowering it to such an extent that the sign of the voltage becomes reversed, thus causing the previous anode to become the cathode and vice versa.
- aluminum and iron referred to above may again cite the case of aluminum and iron referred to above.
- the aluminium becomes less electro-positive than the iron and now forms the cathode instead of the anode with the result that hydrogen is evolved no longer on the iron, but on the aluminium which it degreases.
- the objects of carbon are hung on the same bar as the iron objects, the original difference of potential is increased, and the degreesing action on the iron is more rapid and effective.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR857809T | 1939-04-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2356575A true US2356575A (en) | 1944-08-22 |
Family
ID=9329654
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US326494A Expired - Lifetime US2356575A (en) | 1939-04-08 | 1940-03-28 | Process for the cathodic treatment of metals |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2356575A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| CH (1) | CH227798A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR857809A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| NL (1) | NL57490C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2417133A (en) * | 1940-11-23 | 1947-03-11 | Du Pont | Electrodepositing and heat-treating molybdenum-oxygen deposits |
| US2444174A (en) * | 1943-08-24 | 1948-06-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Galvanic coating process |
| US2553449A (en) * | 1939-01-31 | 1951-05-15 | Freud Herbert Manfred | Process for obtaining by galvanic means a coating for protecting magnesium from corrosion |
| US3524799A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1970-08-18 | Reynolds Metals Co | Anodizing aluminum |
| US4104136A (en) * | 1974-09-22 | 1978-08-01 | Reynolds Metals Company | Process for applying thin molybdenum containing coatings on aluminum for solar energy absorption |
| US4194929A (en) * | 1978-09-08 | 1980-03-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Technique for passivating stainless steel |
| US5747727A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1998-05-05 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method of making a thermocouple |
-
0
- NL NL57490D patent/NL57490C/xx active
-
1939
- 1939-04-08 FR FR857809D patent/FR857809A/fr not_active Expired
-
1940
- 1940-03-28 US US326494A patent/US2356575A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1940-04-05 CH CH227798D patent/CH227798A/fr unknown
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2553449A (en) * | 1939-01-31 | 1951-05-15 | Freud Herbert Manfred | Process for obtaining by galvanic means a coating for protecting magnesium from corrosion |
| US2605217A (en) * | 1939-01-31 | 1952-07-29 | Freud Herbert Manfred | Protection of metallic objects by galvanic action |
| US2417133A (en) * | 1940-11-23 | 1947-03-11 | Du Pont | Electrodepositing and heat-treating molybdenum-oxygen deposits |
| US2444174A (en) * | 1943-08-24 | 1948-06-29 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Galvanic coating process |
| US3524799A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1970-08-18 | Reynolds Metals Co | Anodizing aluminum |
| US4104136A (en) * | 1974-09-22 | 1978-08-01 | Reynolds Metals Company | Process for applying thin molybdenum containing coatings on aluminum for solar energy absorption |
| US4194929A (en) * | 1978-09-08 | 1980-03-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Technique for passivating stainless steel |
| US5747727A (en) * | 1990-08-09 | 1998-05-05 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Method of making a thermocouple |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL57490C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | |
| CH227798A (fr) | 1943-07-15 |
| FR857809A (fr) | 1940-10-01 |
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