US2350167A - Hand loom - Google Patents

Description

M y 1944- R. c. JONES ETAL 2,350,167

HAND LOOM Filed March 12, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 5:9 53 mVz May 30, 1944.

R. c. JON-ES ET AL HAND LQOM Filed March 12'. 1942 2 SheetS-Sheet 2 Patented May 30, 1944 HAND LOOM Rhoda C.

Jones and William B. Craft, "Manchester, Ky.

Application March 12, 1942, Serial No. 434,420

4 Claims.

This invention relates to a hand loom of very simple construction, which is capable of being economically manufactured and sold, and which can be readily used by a person having no skill in weaving.

Another aim of the invention is to provide a hand loom that can be constructed in a plurality of sizes, including miniature or toy looms to be used by children for weaving.

More particularly, it is the aim of the invention to provide a hand loom having a single heddle of very simple construction and which operates to move alternate warp threads either above or below the normal plane of the warp threads for forming the shed either above or below the nor mal plane of the threads.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will hereinafter become more fully apparent from the following description of the drawings, which illustrate a preferred embodiment thereof, and wherein: Figure 1 is a top plan view of a loom constructed in accordance with the invention, Figure 2 is a side elevational view of the same, Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view taken substantially along a plane of the lines 33 of Figure 1, Figures 4 and 5 are cross sectional views taken substantially along the plane of the lines 4-4 and 55, respectively, of Figure l, and Figure 6 is a top plan view of one end of the loom and showing the woof applied to the warp threads by means of a conventional shuttle.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the different views. I i) designates generally the hand loom, comprising the invention, in its entirety.

Loom I includes a frame II formed of side plates I 2 connected by a plurality of spacing bars I3, which hold the plates I2 in upright and substantially parallel relationship to each other. A cloth beam I4 is provided with restricted ends I which are journaled in plates I2, at one end of the frame II. Cloth beam I4 is provided with radially projecting handles I5, near one end thereof, by which the cloth beam can be turned. An upper warp beam I1 is provided with restricted ends I8 which are journaled in the plates I2, adjacent the opposite end of the frame I I-. A lower warp beam I9 has restricted ends 23 which are journaled in the plates I2, below and adiacent the warp beam I'I. Cloth beam I 4 is provided with a plurality of studs or fastening 21 by means of which corresponding ends of a plurality of warp threads 22 are attached to the beam I4. Alternate threads 22 have their oppo- Lll cloth beam I4. A guide roller 23 is journaled in the plates I2 and is disposed in the frame II above and adjacent the cloth beam I4, and the warp threads 22 are trained over the roller 23. A similar roller 24 is journaled in the plates I2 and is disposed in the frame II above and 'adjacent the upper warp beam I1. I The warp threads 22, which are wound on the beam H, are trained over the roller 24, which is disposed at substantially the same level as the roller23, and the warp threads 22, which are wound on the beam l9, pass beneath the roller 24 and are spaced therefrom, as best seen in Figure 3.

The ends I5, I8 and project from the outer sides of the plates I 2 and one of each of said ends is provided with a brake, designated generally 25. The brakes 25 each include an elongated strip, preferably of metal, forming a brake band 26. Band 26 has one end anchored. by means of fastening 21 to the frame I l' and a threaded bolt 28 extending through and projecting from the opposite end thereof. An abutment 29 is secured to and projects outwardly from the frame II and the bolt 28 extends losely therethrough and is provided with a wing nut 3ilwhichbears against the outer side of the abutment 29. .An intermediate portion 3| of the band 25 is bent to arcuate form and engages around a portion of an end I5 I8 or 2!]. By tightening the nut 30 portion 3| will be drawn into frictional engagement with the end, which it engages, for holding the beam I4, I1 or I9, with which it is associated; against rotation in the frame I I.

A shaft 32 has restricted ends 33 which extend through and are journaled in the plates I2. Shaft 32 is disposed between and slightly below the level of the rollers 23 and 24. An elongated plate 35 is slotted laterally from adjacent one longitudinal edge thereof to the opposite edge thereof to form a comb having a plurality of tines or arms .35. The plate or comb 35 is bent intermediate of its longitudinal edges into angular form so that the opposite ends of the tines 35 are disposed substantially at right angles to one another. A portion of the shaft 32, between the plates I2, is divided longitudinally to form a removable section 31 which is detachably connected to the shaft 32 by fastenings 38. The free ends of the tines 36 are disposed between the shaft 32 and its removable section 37 and are clamped therebetween by the fastenings 38 to support the comb 35 so that the tines 36 project outwardly from the shaft 32' and then upwardly. The tines 36, near their apexes and in the portions thereof which are radially disposed relatively to the shaft 32, are provided with openings or eyes 39 through which the threads 22, which are Wound on the beam 19,, loosely extend. Levers 4i] are attached to the ends 33 of the shaft 32, on the outer sides of the plates l2, and project outwardly therefrom for oscillating the shaft 32. A stop 4| projects outwardly from each plate l2 to engage and limit swinging move ment of the levers 4!! in a direction for raising. the comb 35 so that the comb cannot be moved above its dotted line position in Figure 3.

A rod 42 is disposed above. each of the plates 12 and has downturned ends which are secured in the upper edge of a plate l2. Rods 42 are disposed intermediate of the; ends of the frame H and extend to points adjacent the roller 23. A heater or reed 43 includes an elongated, substantially rectangular frame 44 the upper rail of which is provided with extensions forming handles 4.5. The shanks of thehandles 45 are provided With-openings 46 which slidably engage rods 42 for supporting the; reed 43 transversely of and withinthe frame .I I and for mounting the reed for a longitudinal liding movement in the frame. The-reed 43 depends downwardly and is provided with spaced perpendicular rod or wires 41 which extend between the threads 22, as best seen in Figure 4. The reed 43 is disposed between the guide roller 23 and the shaft 32. Upper edges of-the plates 12 are provided witharcuately shaped recesses 48, between the roller 23 and the shaft 32.

From the foregoing it willbe obvious that the brakes 25 and the warp beams l7 and I9 can be loosened to provide sufficient slack in the warp threads 22. The threads 22,, which are wound on the lower warp beam l9',-are provided with sufficient slack so that these threads can be moved to their fullv line or dottedline positions of Figure 3. When properly tensioned, warp beams I! and I9 are held against rotation by applying the brakes 25, which are associated therewith. When the lovers 40 are moved to their full line position of Figure 3, the. threads 22, which are connected to the beaml will be disposed below the other threads. 22 to form the passage or shed, below the normal plane. of the threads. When the levers) are moved to their dotted line position. of Figure 3 these threads, which en e the comb 35, will be disposed above, the plane of the other threads 22 to form the passage or shed thereabove. In Figure 6 the woof'is shown at 49. after havin been passed a plurality of times alternately through upper and lower passages. or sheds, as previously described, by means of a conventional shuttle 50. The weaving operation, illustrated in Figure 6, is conventional. The recesses 48 are provided to permit the passage of the shuttle 59 back and forth through the frame H. The reed 43' is normally disposed between the comb,35 and the woof 49 and is adapted to be slid toward the woof so that the wires 61 will engage the woof to pack the rows thereof closely together. From time to time all three of the brakes 25 are released so that the cloth beam l4 can be revolved by its'handle. It for winding cloth onto said beam.

From the foregoing it will be readily apparent that only one-half of the warp threads 22 are raised and lowered and for this reason two warp beams must be provided, due to the difference in the amount of slack between these threads and the stationary threads 22. The eyes 39 are made sufilciently large so that the threads 22 of different thicknesses can readily be passed therethrough, It will also be readily apparent that the stationary threads will extend through the spaces between the tines 36 .so as not to interfere with the movement of the heddle, designated generally 5!, and which is formed by the shaft 32 and the comb 35.

Various modifications and changes are contemplated and may obviously be resorted to, providedthey fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinafter defined by the appended claims, as only a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed.

We claim as our invention:

1. A loom comprising a frame, a cloth beam mounted in One end of the frame and to which corresponding ends of a plurality of warp threads are adapted to be attached, a warp beam mounted in the opposite end of said frame and to which the opposite ends of alternate warp threads are attached, a second warp beam mounted in said last mentioned end of the frame and below the first mentioned warp beam and to which the opposite ends of the remaining warp threads are attached, a shaft. journal'ed. in said frame intermediate the ends thereof for oscillation, a plurality of arms 'projecting radially from the shaft to form a heddle, said arms having portions radia1 with respect to said shaft provided with eyes adjacent their outer ends through which said last mentioned warp threads are adapted to loosely extend, said arms having angular portions rising from said portions spaced from one another and being disposed for movement between the first mentioned warp threads, and such shaft functioning through oscillation to raise or lower the last mentioned warp threads to form the shed either above or below the normal plane of the warp threads.

2. A loom as in claim lhaving arched guide rods supported by said frame provided with portions disposed above and longitudinally of the sides thereof, and a reed or beater slidably supported by said portions of the guide rods and d pending into the frame and through which the warp threads extend.

3. A loom as in claim 1 wherein the frame has upstanding side members, arched guide rods rising from the upper edges of saidside members and over said heddle, a beater'slidably mounted by said guide rods, said side members being recessed in their upper edges below the guide rods to facilitate operation of a shuttle.

4. In a loom, a heddle comprising an oscillating shaft, a comb member connected to said'shaft longitudinally thereof; said member comprising tines each having portions which are at an angle to each other and one of'which portions projects radially from the shaft, the radially projecting portion having eyes for the warp threads of the loom, said'member having slots between the tines, and said slots being adapted to receive the other war-pthreads, oscillation of said shaft functioning for raising and lowering the first-mentioned threads relatively to the last-mentioned threads to form the shed.

RHODA C. JONES. WILLIAM-B. CRAFT.

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