US2342013A - Machine for plucking poultry and the like - Google Patents

Description

F b. 15, 194 o. SANDLIN MACHINE FOR PLUCK ING POULTRY AND THE LIKE m MW 0 Y a a m s c e D m m g m .N W F w Patented Feb. 15, 1944 Otis Sandlin, Philadelphia, Pa., assignor to Whistlcr's Picking Machine Company, Philadelphia, Pa, a copartnership .composed of Frances E. Sandlin and Otis Sandlin Applicationpecember 3, 1941, Serial No. 421,517 s Claims. (Cl. 17-111) The invention relates to machines for plucking or picking poultry and is especially directed to an improvement over that disclosed in my oopending application Serial No. 366,828, filed November 23,1940, which is now Patent 2,286,650

- and of which this application is a continuation 'in part, removal of the feathers 'plished by the present machine with even greater being accomrapidity and thoroughness than heretofore without bruising, abrading or otherwise damaging either the meat or theskin of the fowl,

It is therefore a principal object of the invention to provide improved mechanical means whereby the feathers may be rapidly and completely removed from poultry without damaging the carcasses inany way while preserving the Referring now more particularly to the drawing, the machine diagrammatically illustrated therein is eminently suitable for commercial use in realizing the purposes and objects of the invention and has, therefore, been selected to con- .vniently exemplify the latter, but 'it will be understood that means other than those shown may be utilized for supporting and actuating the plucking elements or studs which actually contact the feathers of the fowls and perform the plucking operation, and that utilization of such other supporting and actuating means is expressly contemplated by. the invention.

.The aforesaid machine comprises in general a substantially cylindrical squirrel cage" type drum l formed by a pair of circular end plates 2 bloom on the surface-of the skin and giving it the same appearance as that of poultry carefully plucked by hand and without scalding.

A further object is the provision of improved feather removing elements adapted for incorporation in a plucking machine of the character disclosed in my said copendihg application and which are possessed ofan enhanced capacity for effectively plucking poultry when so incorporated.

Another object is the provision in a machine of this character of feather-removing elements or studs made of resilientmaterial and so formed and proportioned as to present relatively sharp edges and areas of relative strength and weak-' ness in a manner for mostefficient removal of the feathers. v

A still further object of the invention is the provision of novel means for holding the plucking studs in the machine whereby their accurate cut is positively tained during its operation and the removal and replacement of any in??? may become worn ordamaged is facilia 7 Other objects, purposes and advantages of the invention will hereinafter more fully appear or will be understood from the following description of one embodiment of it illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a 1 atic side elevation cry-the plucking machine asawhole;

-. his a fragmentary side elevation on a greatly enlarged scale illustrating the machine" in operation:

. 3 is a fragmentary top plan view on a like scale of a portion of the machine; and

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the pluckins elements or studs removed from the machine. In the several figures like charactersare used to dmignate the same parts. g

mounted for rotation in a frame ton a shaft 4 and held in' axially spaced assembled relation at the opposite ends of a plurality of circumferem tially spaced peripheral ribs 5 to which they are secured by bolts 6 and weld metal 6'. The ribs 5. are preferably formed from angle bars with radially extending flanges l and circumferential flanges l, the latter being attached to inwardly axially extending rims 2" respectively welded on the plates 2. A pulley 8 on the shaft 4 receives a belt 9 passing over a smaller pulley on the shaft of a motor l6 whereby the drum can be rotated at a suitable speed, preferably approximately 420-425 R. RM. when a drum about 12" a in diameter is employed. Of course, drums of other sizes maybe used and their respective rates of rotation adjusted accordingly and I have found that excellent results are attained when the machines are operated in such a way as to 7 move the outer ends of the plucking studs I2,

hereinafter more fully described, at about'2,000 feet per minute. 7

These studs 82, which constitute the plucking or feather removing elements to which reference has been made, are preferably formed from pure gum rubber stock, such as pieces of strip stock of rectangular cross-section and about one inch square cut into suitable lengths. .Three inch lengths of thisstock are well adapted for making the'studs and after being out each length is provided near one end with ahole for the passage of a bolt I 3, cooperative with a generally U-shaped clip it and nut it for securing the stud in the machine,. each clip embracing three sides of its stud near the base and clamping the fourth side against the adjacent face of the radial flange 7 of one of ribs 5. It will be evident that the clip defines three sides and the flange i a fourth side of a generally rectangular socket for the base of the stud so that when the latter is secured therein through the medium of bolt i3 with the inner end face of the stud abutting the circumferential flange 'l' of the rib, the stud is firmly held at its base and prevented from moving about the axis of the bolt even though but one bolt is used for each stud,

and that each of the several studs is therefore firmly maintained in proper relation to the others and to the drum during operation of the machine. Moreover, any stud-may be selectively removed in case it becomes worn or damaged without disturbing any of the others and a new stud substituted therefor and properly and accurately positioned with relation to the other parts of'the machine in a minimum oftime and with very little effort.

A transverse slot I8 is formed in the outer end of each stud and a plurality of generally similar -are thus desirably about Md and V deep respectively.

A plurality of these studs it are mounted on each of the ribs of the machine, being held through the medium of bolts l3, and nuts I5 firm.- ly in the sockets formed by the clips l4 and the adjacent rib, and project radially from the drum at intervals along the rib about equal to or alittle less than the thickness of a single stud.

'The several studs on each rib, moreover, are

preferably staggered or axially offset at'substan-.

1 tially like intervals with relation to those on ad- Jacent ribs as indicated in Fig. 3 and when the drum is rotated the studs on alternate ribs, therefore, follow each other or track" in paths which adjoin, or even slightly overlap the paths of the studson the intervening ribs.

Consequently. when a carcass, indicated at C in Fig. 2, is brought against and moved about in engagement with the studs while the drum is rotating, there are no voids between the parts attacked by adjacent rows, and every part of the carcass can, therefore, be quickly and effectively subjected to the plucking action of the studs. 1

'I'his action occurs most smoothly when the studs are kept wet, as with the residual moisture carried to them by the carcasses, which are preferably immersed in water at about 120 F. on their way to the machine, and is probably performed mainly by'the acute more or less roughened edges presented by-the slots l8 and It in the studs as the. latter are brought into play for plucking poultry in the manner to be hereinafter more fully described. The roughness of these edges is apparently retained indefinitely under normal conditions of use, for even. after a period of several months of substantially continuous daily operation in plucking poultry the studs reveal-little or no evidence of material wear or other deterioration.

When the machine is in operation with the on the floor at his right, and by having the semiscalded fowl'carcasses delivered to him successively at his left by a conveyor (not shown), which first carries them through the hot(120 F.) water, he can readily bring each against the periphery of the rotating drum in a manner to forcibly contact it in quick succession with several of the rapidly moving studs l2. As the latter are bent rearwardly when the carcass bears against them in the manner indicated at the right hand side of Fig. 2, the edges formed by the ,slots l9, and later, the-edges of slots l8 frictionally engage and quickly and effectively remove the feathers; the operator thus has merely to turn the carcass to expose all parts of it to the action of the studs to rapidly and easily complete the plucking operation.

As the studs successively move out of contact with the carcass after having been bent rearwardly by pressure of the, latter, each carries some of the feathers with it until its inherent resiliency restores it to its normal radial position,

usually with a. sudden snap which catapults thefeathers outwardly from the drum and prevents the studs from becoming clogged therewith.

The staggered relation of the studs on the drum and the speed at which it. is preferably operated enables every portion of the carcass to be exposed to engagement by a large number of the studs in rapid succession, with the result that all the feathers are cleanly and quickly plucked in a minimum of time and with very little effort on the part of the operator. In fact, a single operator without any particular special training in the operation or use of the machinecan pluck as many carcasses in a given time as two or even more of the most expert pluckers can pluck in any other way in the same period of time; a machine equipped with my novel studs,

moreover, enables poultry to be plucked much 'more cleanly, with substantially complete remove al of the pin feathers and with less damage either through bruising or abrading of the skin or removal of bloom therefrom than by other methods or with other plucking aids with which I am familiar, while it is so much more rapid than the extremely careful hand plucking necessary to produce dressed poultry of comparable appearance as to bloom'," bruises, abrasions and the like that a comparison by figures would appear exaggerated. It may be noted, however, that in one plant in which my machines have been used, their introduction has enabled a crew of eighteen employees to prepare for market five thousand fowl per day whereas prior to the introduction of the machines a crew of forty was required to attain this production rate. 1

While I have herein described one embodiment of the invention with considerable particularity, especially as embodied in a specific machine of the rotating drum type, it will be understood 1 do not desire or intend thereby to limiter condrumrotating counter-clockwise as viewed in Fig. 1, it is usually most convenient for the operator to stand at the right-hand side of the 'machine in said figure with the motor thus fine the invention thereto in any way, as changes and modifications in its form, construction, and

arrangement as well as in many other respects will readily occur to those skilled in the art and may be made if desired without departing from the spirit and scope. of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, I claim anddesire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States: 1

1. In a poultry plucking machine of the character described and comprising a rotatable drum, aplurality of flexible studs nroiecting'radially from the drum each having a plurality of slots across one face and a slot across its radiallyouter end having its longitudinal axis substantially parallel to the walls oi the face slots.

2. In a poultry plucking machine a rotatable drum comprising ribs projecting radially from its periphery, a plurality of substantially U- shaped clips proximate each rib and defining therewith spaced substantially rectangular sockets, and a resilient stud projecting from each socket radially of the drum.

3. A feather engaging stud for a poultry pluck-=- ing machine consisting 01' a length of rubber stock of substantialy rectangular cross-section having a plurality of transverse slots in one lateral lace in spaced relation to each other longitudinally of the stud, each slot having side walls substantially normal to said face and a slot extending across the end face of the stud.

4. A ieather engaging stud consisting of a length of a rubber stock of substantially rectangular cross-section having'a slot extending across one end and a plurality of generally similar but shallower slots in one face in spaced relation to each other longitu r151 the stud, each slot having roughened side, walls substantiallv'normal to said face.

5. A feather engaging stud for a poultry plucking machine consisting of a length of rubber stock of substantially rectangular cross-section having a plurality of transverseslots in one lateral face in spaced relation to each other longitudinally of the stud, each slot having side walls substantially normal to said face, and the stud having a slot extending across the end face thereof.

6. In a poultry plucking machine comprising a rotatable drum embodying a plurality of circumierentially spaced, peripheral, transversely extending ribs, each rib includinga flange disposed substantially normal to a radius of the drum and a second flange extending normal to the first flange, a plurality of normally rectangular elongated resilient studs spaced along each rib, each stud having one end face en aging the first flange and a lateral face engaging the second flange, a substantially U-shaped clip embracing the other three lateral faces of the stud and seating on the first flange, and means for removably securing the clip and stud to the rib.

o SLIN.

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