US2341558A - Marker beacon - Google Patents

Marker beacon Download PDF

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Publication number
US2341558A
US2341558A US436172A US43617242A US2341558A US 2341558 A US2341558 A US 2341558A US 436172 A US436172 A US 436172A US 43617242 A US43617242 A US 43617242A US 2341558 A US2341558 A US 2341558A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
array
pairs
transmission line
impedance
line
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US436172A
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English (en)
Inventor
Armig G Kandoian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE463671D priority Critical patent/BE463671A/xx
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US436172A priority patent/US2341558A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2341558A publication Critical patent/US2341558A/en
Priority to FR938164D priority patent/FR938164A/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials

Definitions

  • This invention relates to marker beacons and more particularly to vertical marker beacons intended to produce a vertical pencil-like beam.
  • marker beacons It is often desired to produce a relatively concentrated beam of energy, for example, directed upwardly from the earth as a marker beacon.
  • Such systems usually comprise an array of -antenna units in order to secure the desired concentration.
  • array proposed for marker beacons comprises a plurality of dipole antennae arranged at right angles with respect to one another and energized in phase quadrature.
  • my invention features an antenna array in which dipole units are arranged in arrays at right angles to one another and are energized in phase quadrature by a line connected to both arrays, the line referably being matched in impedance by the array units and connections therewith.
  • Fig. 1 shows the simplest form of antenna array and circuit embodying my invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a more complex array arrangement
  • Fig. 3 shows the circuit connections. of the arrangement of Fig. 2 embodying my invention.
  • Fig. i is a diagram illustrating an array arrangement suitable for use with my invention.
  • Fig, 1 illustrates a preferred form of my invention.
  • two pairs of dipolesv 10, ii and i2, I3 are supported on posts M a short distance above the earth.
  • Each of the dipoles Hi, i 1, i2 and I3 is made electrically a half Wavelength long and the pairs are preferably spaced apart a half wavelength.
  • At the ends of each pair of dipoles Hi, H and I 2, 13, are provided so-called building out sections l5, l6, which are substantially quarter wavelength transmission line sections short circuited at one end. Intermediate the ends of sections l5, I6, is connected a coupling line H.
  • Line I1 is connected to the antennae sections to supply energy to the dipole pairs and is adjusted so that the impedance looking into the line from the supply source is sub-- stantially equal to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line 29 serving to feed the antenna units.
  • phase shifting means than the transmission line 28 may be provided to secure the desired phase quadrature energization of antenna units.
  • the simplest form of phase shifter comprises a length of line as shown and this is generally preferred since it does not then require additional compensation for reflections that might be caused by other forms of impedance networks,
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the simplest form of my invention and the one that is generally preferred, it is sometimes desirable to sharpen the directivity of an array so as to produce a more concentrated beam. This may be particularly useful in certain types of marker beacons where it is desired that the beam indicate as nearly as possible a single point' To secure such beams it is merely necessary to add units equally spaced at halfwavelength distance as in the arrangement of Fig. l, and to energize these units in accordance with the coefiicients of a binomial expansion.
  • Fig. 2 is illustrated, by way of example, a binomial array of units wherein four antennae are provided in each direction.
  • two pairs of antennae 3H, 32 crosswise aligned with six other pairs, 33, 3t; 35, 36; and 31, 38.
  • Leach of the units of the pairs is made one-half a wavelength long and the spacing between the parallel antenna pairs is made also equal substantially to a halfwavelength.
  • At right angles to these antennae are arranged eight other pairs of units 4 I, 42; 43, 44; 45, 46; 41, 48.
  • the wiring of these units is not shown in Fig. 2 since this is quite complex, but is illustrated particularly in Fig. 3.
  • pairs 3f, 32, 31 and 38 are fed with energy so as to have one unit of current in the antenna, while pairs 33, 34, 35 and 36 have three times the current of the outer pairs.
  • pairs 4 I, 42, 41 and 48 have only one-third of the energization'of'pairs 43, 44, 45'
  • conductors 53, 54 are interconnected by a common interconnecting conductor line 55.
  • lines 55 and 55 are adjusted so as to in themselves together with the antenna loads constitute substantially an impedance match to the feeding transmission line.
  • impedance matching means may be applied to the lines to produce this result.
  • Interconnecting conductors 55, 55 are then connected together through transmission lines, so that all of the antenna units 33 to 38, inclusive, are energized in phase coincidence. If transmission lines 55 and 56 are each matched to the impedance of the transmission line, an added network 5'! may be required at a point beyond the juncture for matching the impedance of the combination to the transmission line.
  • Antenna pairs 4! to 48, inclusive are interconnected by a set of interconnecting transmission lines 6
  • to 48 are then connected over separate transmission lines 58 and 68 to the common feed line 10 connected to high frequency transmitter H.
  • Line 68 for example, is preferably made a quarter of a wavelength longer than line 58 so that the antenna pairs 3! to 38, and 4! to 48 are energized in phase quadrature.
  • the impedance matching section 69 may be provided in line H! to correct for the 2-1 standing wave present on line 10 because of the connection together of two impedance, matched. lines 58 and 68.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 have been shown two forms of arrays suitable to perform the function in accordance with my invention. It is clear that any binomial expansion array may be provided as desired, depending upon the sharpness that the beam is to assume. However, both Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate systems in which the arrays are made of an even number of spaced antennae. It is clear that the same features of my invention may be readily applied to arrays having odd numbers of antenna therein.
  • Fig. 4 is illustrated a three-element array to show the form that the units will be arranged in such a case.
  • dipole pairs BI, 82, 83 and 84, 85, 86 are arranged as shown, with the ratio of energization being 1-2-1 across the array.
  • At right angles to these are added other pairs of dipoles 9
  • Each of these pairs 8l-86 and 9l-96 actually constitute two half-wave dipole units similar to those shown at Ill and II of Fig. 1. Also, these units are then interconnected by transmission lines in a manner similar to that shown in Figs.
  • antenna pairs 8!, 83, t4 and 86 would be interconnected similar to the interconnection of 3
  • 96 would be made.
  • a marker beacon comprising a plurality of antennae arranged in a first array, a second plurality of antennae arranged in a second array similar to said first array but at right angles thereto, a transmission line, means for energizing said antennae of each array in accordance with the coefiicient of a binomial expansion, and said arrays in phase quadrature, comprising first means connecting the antennae of said first array together to produce an impedance equal to the characteristic impedance of said transmission line, second means connecting the antennae of said second array together to produce an impedance equal to the characteristic impedance of said transmission line and a ninety degree phase shift with respect to said first array, said transmission line being connected to both said first and second means, and means in said transmission line near said connection point for matching the impedance of said two means to said transmission line.
  • a marker beacon comprising a plurality of dipole antennae arranged in a first array, a second plurality of dipole antennae arranged in a second array similar to said first array but at right angles thereto, a transmission line, means for energizing said dipole antennae at each array in accordance with the coeflicient of a binomial expansion, and said array in phase quadrature,
  • first means connecting the ends of said dipole antennae ofsaid first array together to produce an impedance equal to the characteristic impedance of said transmission line
  • second means connecting the ends of said dipole antennae of said second array together to produce an impedance equal to the characteristic impedance of said transmission line and a ninety degree phase shift with respect to said first array
  • said transmission line being connected to both said first and second means, and means in said transmission line near said connection point for matching the impedance of said two means to said transmission line.
  • a marker beacon system comprising a high frequency transmission line, a first two dimensional antenna array comprising at least two rows of dipole antennae spaced apart a distance substantially equal to a half wavelength, each row comprising at least one pair of half wave dipole antennae arranged end to end, first means interconnecting the adjacent ends of each said pair and all the pairs of said first array, said first means as connected being adjusted to present the characteristic impedance of said line, a second two dimensional antenna array comprising at least two rows of dipole antennae arranged at substantially right angles to said first array and spaced from one another a distance substantially equal to a half wavelength, each row comprising at least one pair of half wave dipole antennae arranged end to end, second means interconnecting the adjacent ends of said pairs in said second array and all the pairs of said second array, said second means as connected being adjusted to present the characteristic impedance of said line, means for connecting said first and second arrays to said line to energize said arrays in phase quadrature, and means in said line for matching the impedance of said combined array
  • a marker beacon according to claim -3 wherein more than two rows are provided and energy is supplied to the dipoles of the rows at a level diminishing from the center outwardly in accordance with the coefiicients of the binomial expansion.
  • first short circuited quarter wavelength line section a second pair of dipoles parallel to said first pair and spaced substantially a half wavelength from said first pair, said second pair of dipoles being arranged end to end and interconnected at their adjacent ends by a second quarter wavelength transmission line section, a first connection means for interconnecting said first and second transmission line sections, a third pair of dipoles substantially at right anglesto said first and second pairs and arranged end to end and interconnected at their adjacent ends by a third short circuited quarter wavelength transmission line section, a fourth pair of dipoles parallel to said third pair and spaced substantially a half wavelength from said third pair, said fourth pair of dipoles being arranged end to end and interconnected at their adjacent ends by a fourth short circuited quarter wavelength transmission line section, a second connection means interconnecting said third and fourth transmission line section, a transmission line, and means differing in electrical length by a quarter of a wavelength for connecting said first and second connection means to said transmission line to assure phase quadrature relationship of ener

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US436172A 1942-03-25 1942-03-25 Marker beacon Expired - Lifetime US2341558A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE463671D BE463671A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1942-03-25
US436172A US2341558A (en) 1942-03-25 1942-03-25 Marker beacon
FR938164D FR938164A (fr) 1942-03-25 1946-02-06 Perfectionnements aux radio-balises

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US436172A US2341558A (en) 1942-03-25 1942-03-25 Marker beacon

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2341558A true US2341558A (en) 1944-02-15

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ID=23731405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US436172A Expired - Lifetime US2341558A (en) 1942-03-25 1942-03-25 Marker beacon

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2341558A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE463671A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR938164A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416246A (en) * 1944-01-04 1947-02-18 Hazeltine Research Inc Antenna structure
US2477647A (en) * 1945-01-29 1949-08-02 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna
US2622196A (en) * 1949-01-13 1952-12-16 Alford Andrew Antenna
US3273155A (en) * 1963-09-13 1966-09-13 Litton Systems Inc Fresnel zone lens antenna
US3680142A (en) * 1969-10-06 1972-07-25 Nasa Circularly polarized antenna

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2416246A (en) * 1944-01-04 1947-02-18 Hazeltine Research Inc Antenna structure
US2477647A (en) * 1945-01-29 1949-08-02 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna
US2622196A (en) * 1949-01-13 1952-12-16 Alford Andrew Antenna
US3273155A (en) * 1963-09-13 1966-09-13 Litton Systems Inc Fresnel zone lens antenna
US3680142A (en) * 1969-10-06 1972-07-25 Nasa Circularly polarized antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE463671A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR938164A (fr) 1948-09-07

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