US2333186A - Method or process for the repair of broken or damaged glassware and the like - Google Patents

Description

1943- A. M. LANDESMAN ET AL ,33

METHOD 0R PROCESS FOR THE REPAIR OF BROKEN OR DAMAGED GLASSWARE AND THE LIKE Filed Jan. 10, 1942 FIG.3.

FIG. 5.

mmvrons ALFRED M. LANDESMAN UGENE LANDESMAN AT folg vEY' ment or tool Patented Nov. 2, 1943 v Alfred M. Landesman anEugene L ndesmn Louis, Mo.

Appligatjpgg January 10, 19 4 g v Serial liq,

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d W eiere we Per-t e the w mpenying 1? which- I F 3 1 .i peiepe iwe WW i ii i f i b is: er ele 9i alesfiwere w th miner pe i eee QrPtPeI-QS ,.ii RP dXF ?1QQQ enema rep ir we i et mfiee 9; w isk-- to A stantially initial or origirigl ggiggiggyi s ,1 v

out the refractory material dulling the glass when the intense heat is applied.

The refractory material B that we preferably water being added at time of application to malse a paste of the desired consistency.

While we prefer to employ a refractory mate-,1 rial B of the composition named,it will be under stood that any other material suitable for the purpose may be equally well used, it -being only.

the torch E through the other, the apertures or Openings 6, 6', being sufficiently large to permit a certain amount of freedom for torch or blowpipe manipulation.

The number and position of such openings or apertures 6, 6', depend upon the desires and skill of the workmenand should-be located so that objects" A of various types and sizes disposed within the oven or furnace D may be readily accessible for torchor blow-pipe working, it being,

of course, obvious that the article A, when distioried in sucha manner that the preferably exessential that the material be of such a nature as not to chemically react with the glass at any time and as to have the properties and characterposed break lines or cracks or joints between the .-.-portions (1 and a thereof will face, and be accessible by means of the torch, blow-pipe, or the like E through,--one or more of such apertures or openings 6, 6'.

istics of being capable of (1) withstanding, when set and hard, relatively high temperatures ranging up to approximately, 2000F., and have'a coefficient of expansion comparable to that of the glass-structure of .the article A'being repaired,'so as, when heated, toeliminate the exertion upon the; article of, any extraordinary stresses that might disrupt, break, or,otherwise damage the encased article A, and ,(2) ready removal by cracking ori otherwise following completion of the repair operation mentioned and presently described more in detail. i .Such refractorymaterial is also initially, as wehave stated, in the form of a powder and may be mixed with a suitable vehicle,such, for instance, as water, forconve'nient application upon the article A in theform of a paste of the desired'consistency, as we have mentioned, and

which-will subsequently dry or set without material shrinkage and without exerting any impairing or damaging stresses upon the article A being repaired. I

The article A, so encased and supported by means of the refractory material, is allowedto set and stand over a relatively long period "of time, approximately twenty-four hours, for enabling air-drying of the material B, and when the material B has becomethoroughly'dry and set, the article A is placed in a heatingfurnace or oven D of any suitable standard or common form or type, .with the exception that the body d of the oven or furnace D is provided with a plurality of sets of openings or apertures 6, 6', the openings of each pair being spaced more or less closely together for purposes presently appearing.

We might here state that the oven or furnace D is heated by any. suitable means capable preferably of precise and accurate control, and for such purpose we have found that electric heat--. ing elements 0 lend themselves efficiently tosthe requirements of precise control advantageous in the practicing of our process. In this same connection, it may be remarked that the oven or furnace D is preferably of any suitable relatively small-size refractory brick t'ype, except, as we have stated, that the furnace D, in the walls of its body d, should be breached in anumber of convenient places for providing suitable open-i ings or apertures 6, 6', of such'dimensions as to afford vision' into the, furnace and" insertion thereinto of a torch, blow-pipe, or other suitable heating instrument or toolE for working the glass-structure of the article A being treatedor repaired. We might add that it is most conven ient that such apertures of openings 6, 6', be in pair relation, so that the operator may observe the work through one aperture While'manipulating Thetemperature of the oven or furnace D is now slowly or gradually raised to so-called safety range anywhere from 800 F. to 1500" F., depending upon the nature and glass-structure of the article A. The initial heating should, of course, be. performed so as to prevent the breaking or cracking of the glass object under repair, and it may be here remarked that some glassware may be brought up to such safety range in less time than'iothers and that a workman familiar with glassware willbe readily able to determine by inspection the type of glassware and the approximate range at which the glass maybe safely heated. Experience with a wide variety of glassware has indicated that a fairly safe-heating range will comprise an initial elevation of about 50 per hour for the firstfour hours and a subsequent elevation of about per hour for the next six or eight hours, the oventemperature being brought up, as we have stated, to a range of from 800 F. to 1500 Fl, depending upon the glass-structure of the article A being repaired. We might remark that the optimum temperature which should be reached may be termed the safety range, and, again, such range will vary fordifferent glassware; Experience, however, hasshown that, for all practicalpurposes, this heating will fall within the. range of from 800 F. to 1500 F., depending upon the nature and glass.- structure, that is to say, the formula or compositiono-f the particular article A of glassware being treated. vWe might remark further that it has been found by extensive experiment that practically all types of standard or common glasswarev may be heated within the range mentioned Without cracking or breaking, although it will, of course, be understood that a glass-worker of experience and skill may readily determine the type or structure of glass. which is being repaired and immediately associate withsuch glass some particularfstage Within the stated range which is most suited-for the purposes in hand. Y

'In'any event, entirely satisfactory resultsmay be attained within the range outlined, and once the article A has been brought up to the socalled" safety range, a lighted-blow-pipe, torch, or other suitable tool E is inserted thrq gh one of the apertures'or- openings 6, 6, inthe wall dof the oven D and'the flamethereof applied by the operator backand forth along the various cracks or joints between the exposed article-portions a, a, the temperature of the exposed parts of the article A' being thereby raised to the fusingor coalescing point; which/may range anywhere from'1500f F.to 25 00" depending'upon the nature and composition of the glass-structure of the particular article A. 1

estates 8 Necessarihmthis step in our pr cess must be carefully performed. so o pr terit d sto tion .o deformation of the lass at and around the joints between the or ort ons a, a, the arti le bein pref r b so dis osed as to e ite.- inate anymisn aoihs movement of th viseld g ass. and the he d r fract ry coat prov ded b the materia :1 fo the soy ednertien o the art cle A functionin as :axmold t ef icie t y maintain the .fa m and hamper thereo Where t e aks-o creeks bein re a red a e small and the pieces or fragments 41, a, fit eatly to ether. th torch sh d pr ra ly have a t p .e nenahlenf em ttin a very fin pointed flame. Where, on the other hand, the cracks or breaks are rough and ragged and marginally do not fit neatly together, a broader flame should be employed for effecting juncture therebetween. In ordinary cases, however, a standard hydrogen blowpipe or torch will yield a flame sufficiently hot and of sufiicient size for accomplishing efficiently the desired purpose.

The article A, while being so treated or worked, is disposed to the vision of the workman through the adjacent aperture 6 or 6', as the case may be, and when the juncture lines between the fragments a, a, of the article A have, through fusion or coalescence, substantially visually disappeared, the torch E is removed and the oven D then permitted to gradually cool to room temperature, when the refractory supported and repaired article A is removed from the furnace D, immersed in water, which quickly effects a breaking down and removal of the set refractory material B, and again put to a useful purpose.

We may add that, where the object or article A is damaged in such a manner that a plurality of chips or fragments a have been broken out, the damage may be referred to as a compound break-out. Again, the several chips or portions or may fit neatly and accurately back into place, or there may be small parts missing, so that, when the available parts have been fitted back into place, there is still a small hole, such as that indicated at a in Figure 2. In either case, the parts are fitted back into place as neatly and as precisely as possible and the article A completely invested, as we have described, care being taken to leave spaces within the investment material B in the region where the glass is missing, so that the glass will fuse into the empty spaces, as at a, as Well as coalesce across the close-fitting edges of the breaks. Where the lost parts are small, the repaired object A will be substantially as good as new and the area in which the repair was made will not be disfiguring. Should the glass around the area that was fused become dull or even "bumpy through or by application of excess heat, such defects may be readily removed by the usual means for grinding or polishing glass.

It should be understood that changes and variations in the steps of our process may be made and substituted for those herein set forth and described without departing from the nature and principle of our invention.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

1. That process of glassware repair which comprises fitting the major and minor parts of a broken glass article into original abutting relation, then by means of a refractory material disposed substantially completely over the major and minor parts of such article, except upon one side and at the line of abutment of said parts, approximately covering and encasing the article and m art le exc tup ade nd at the line of abutment of said parts,

permitting said plastic material to set and harden and thereby approximately covering and encasing the article and its major and minor parts in and by such plastic material, disposing the refractorycovered article within an oven, raising the temperature of the oven for preliminarily heating the housed article within a safety range, and then by means of a heating tool applied directly upon said exposed parts or fragments subjecting said parts or fragments to more intense heat for fusing the same together.

3. That process of glassware repair which comprises fitting the major and minor parts of a broken glass article into original abutting relation, then disposing a refractory material in plastic form substantially completely over the major and minor parts of such article, except upon one side and at the line of abutment of said parts, permitting the plastic material to set and harden and thereby approximately covering and encasing the article and its major and minor parts in and by such plastic material, disposing the refractorycovered article within an oven, raising the temperature of the oven for preliminarily heating the housed article within a safety range from 800 F. to 1500 F., and then by means of a heating tool applied directly upon said exposed parts or fragments subjecting said parts or fragments to a more intense heat ranging from 1500 F. to 2500 F. for fusing the same together.

4. That process of glassware repair which comprises fitting the major and minor parts of a broken glass article into original abutting relation, then disposing a refractory material in plastic form substantially completely over the major and minor parts of such article, except upon one side and at the line of abutment of said parts, permitting said plastic material to set and harden and thereby approximately covering and encasing the article and its major and minor parts in and by such plastic material, disposing the refractorycovered article within an oven, raising the temperature of the oven for preliminarily heating the housed article within a safety range, then by means of a heating tool applied directly upon said exposed parts or fragments subjecting said parts or fragments to more intense heat for fusing the same together, then permitting the article to gradually cool to room temperature, and then removing the refractory coating from the article.

5. That process of glassware repair which comprises fitting the major and minor parts of a broken glass article into original abutting relation, then by means of a refractory material disposed substantially completely over the major and minor parts of such article, except upon one side and at the line of abutment of said parts, approximately covering and encasing the article and its major and minor parts within and by such refractory material, disposing the encased article a more intense heat ranging from l500 Fjt0 2500 F. for fusing the'broken partsthereof together, and then removing the article from the oven and displacin the refractory material. 6. That process of glassware repair which comprises fitting the major and. minor parts of a broken glass article into original abutting relation, then by means of a refractory material disposed substantially completely over the major and minor parts of such article, except upon one side and at the line of abutment of said parts, ap-

proximately covering and encasing the article and its majorand minor part's'within and by such refractory material, disposing the encased article within an oven andpreliminarily heating the encased article within a s'a'fety'range from 800-'F. to 1500 F., then subjecting the set parts of the encased article at the junctions therebetween to-a more intense heatranging from 1500 F. to 2500 F. for fusingthe same-together, and then removing the article from the oven and displacing the'refractory material.

ALFRED M. LANDESMAN.

EUGENE LANDESMAN.

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