US2331319A - Clipper for obtaining hair density samples - Google Patents

Description

1943. J. 1. HARDY 2,331,319

CLIPPER FOR OBTAINING HAIR DENSITY SAMPLES Filed Aug. 6, 1942 P J I 3 v INVENTOR JOHN LHARDY ATTORNEYS v Patented Oct. 12, 1943 CLIPPER FOR OBTA SAMPL John I. Hardy, Laurel, Md. Application'August 6, 1942, SerialNo. 453,778 I 11 Claims. (c1.;s0 197). (Granted under the act of 3, 1883, as I amended April 30,1928; 370

This application is made under the act of March 3, 1883, as amended by the act of April 30, 1928, and the invention herein described, if patented, may be'manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without payment to me'of an'y royalty thereon. v I

Thisinvention relates to a meansforremoving a sample of hair, such aswool, for example,

from a hair covered surface of predetermined area for the purpose of determining the fiber density characteristics of the sample.

The accuracy of results in wool density sampling. depends'primarily on the accuracyof dimensions in'laying off the predetermined area. In the prior art, this is accomplished byuse of calipers so arranged as to cleave the wool along two parallel lines a predetermined distance (1 centimeter, say) apart. An ordinary clipper is then inserted in the'cleavage lines, and the hair is clipped from the adjacent surfaces. The Wool is next cleaved along two parallel lines perpendicular to the first two-lines and the adjacent Wool clipped. The sample of wool in the areaso determined is tied and clipped from the skim This manner of removing the sample hasclisadvantages; it is tedious, and, unless extreme caution be'taken, the area is none too accurately laid-off; it is difficult,if not impossible, to follow such. procedure w'ith'dense' or felted fleeces; and removingthe hair from the adjacent surfaces disturbs them and makes it difiicult to obtain a plurality of samples from neighboring areas. The objects of this inventionare-to provide an improved method of obtaining hair density samples; to provide means whereby samples may be easily and quickly obtained from a predetermined accurately laid-01f area; to provide means whereby a plurality of samples may beobtained from neighboring areas; to provide a clipper for obtaining density'sample's which will accurately lay oil asurface of predetermined width and simultaneously remove the hair from surfaces adjacent thereto; and to provideimprovements in clippers generally.

The means forobtaining hair. density samples and the improvements in clippers are illustrated inthe accompanyingdrawing'in which:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a clipper on a reduced scale, a. r r

Figure 2 is a section on the line 22-12 of Figure 1; in full size scale, and

Figure 3 is a section on the line 33 of Figure-2.; V E The clipper is driven by a Conventional electric the cutter relative to the comb.

mare HAIR DENSITY motor [to whichthe'gear case 2 and handle 3 are attached. The clippercomb 4 is fixedly attached to a plate 5 by suitable'securing means, such as screws 6 and dowel pins 7, and the plate 5 is fixedly attachedto thegear case by suitable securing means, such as screws Band dowel pins 9. Thecutter I0 is fixedly attached to the driver block H by suitable securing means, such as.

dowel pins; l2,'and the driver block is pivotally mounted on a pivot pin I3. I

The driver block is oscillated on its pivot by rotating shaft M, which is driven by the motor and which is provided With'a' cam I5 operating in a slot I 6 in the driver block, thus reciprocating The comb comprises 'twoarms ll and-18 which are rigidly secured together, being made integral in the particular embodiment shown. These armsareprovided with comb teeth lathe points of adjacent teeth being accurately spaced apart a predetermined distancedl' centimeter; say). The two arms are considerably longer than the comb of an ordinaryclippenallowing an unobstructed clearance space 20 of considerable length between them. This arrangement of the adjacent teeth and clearance space provides a means'for laying on a predetermined width strip of hair-covered surface," thus; performing the functionof the; caliper previously used for this purpose. I l y 7 The cutter also comprises two arms 2! and '2-2 rigidly secured together and mated with the comb arms, in such manner that the cutter arms and teeth always clear'space'zo. Each comb arm and its mating cutter arm, such as H and 2|,1forfexample, provides, a means for removing a swath of the hair from a hair-covered surface while the other comb arm and'its mating cutter arm-provides a meansfor' simultaneously removing an'- other swath, the two swaths being parallel and spaced apart a predetermined distance, correspondingto the spacing of the points of adjacent teethof the comb arms.

Due to thelength ofthe comb and c utter arms special provisions havebeen made to provide adjustable tension means remote from the clearance space for holding th'e cutter tightly against the comb; Such means comprises apin, such as a thumb screw 23, loosely fitting an aperture 24 in aportion25 of the driver block, which portion extends-laterally or normal to the plane of its motion. The thumbscrew is seatedto pivot on the gear case at point 26. y This point is on a line normal to theplane of motion of the cutter and containingthe axis of pivot pin I 3., A 'spring plastic solution after they may be sampled which obtained by the means of seat 21 is threaded on the thumb screw and has flattened sides for non-rotatable and linear movement in a pocket 28 in portion 25 of the driver block. A compression spring 29 exerts force between the spring seat and driver block. The tension of the cutter on the comb is adjusted simply by turning the thumb screw.

The clipper is used in the following described manner: Assuming that it is desirable to obtain a sample of wool, the sheep is laid down and made to relax so that the area is unstretched. A pair of swaths are cut in a straight line, leaving a row of an accurately laid-off predetermined width between them. Due to the length of the arms and clearance space 20, these swaths may be out several inches long without unduly crowding the wool in the clearance space and disturbing the underlying skin. swaths are next cut perpendicular to the first swaths across the row, leaving standing the sample of wool on an accurately laid-oi! predetermined skin area. Several such cross swathsmay be out, leaving several neighboring samples.

In order to maintain the fibers of the samples in alignment for subsequent measurements, they are bound together with thread and then cut off, or they may be clamped with a haemostat, instead of tied and the ends sealed with wax or have been cut off.

Many advantages over arise from the use of the sampling means herein disclosed. The samples are taken with much greater speed; elaborate technique is not required; the sample areas are laid-oft with greater precision; samples neighboring areas; and. dense and felted fleeces could not be sampled by A mean density value is this invention with a precision of 3%, which is of greater accuracy than heretofore obtained. This results in more precise knowledge of samples and the possibility of more thorough sampling.

the prior procedure.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1, A clipper comprising acomb, a cutter mating with the comb, means for reciprocating the cutter relative to the comb,'and means for tensioning the cutter on the comb comprising a portion fixed to the cutter remote from its front end and extending laterally therefrom, and spring means exerting force against the free end of the laterally extending portion in a direction substantially parallelto the plane of movement of the cutter, a

2. In a clipper for obtaining hair density samples, means for laying off a predetermined width strip of hair covered surface and means for simultaneously removing the hair from areas adjacent the strip.

3. A clipper for obtaininghair density samples comprising means for clipping a swath, and means connected to thelfirst-mentioned means for simultaneously clipping another swath parallelto and spaced a predetermined distance from thefirst mentioned swath.

4. In a clipper, a plurality. of spaced apart comb arms fixedly secured together at their rear ends. i i

5. In a clipper, a plurality of spaced apart comb armsfixedly secured together in such manner that a clearance space opening at the forward ends of thearm'sis left between them.

6. .A clipper forlobtaining hair density samples comprising a comb: formed by two parallel arms skin at the sampling" the prior procedure may be taken from nearer 1 defining an elongated clearance space between them, said arms being integrally secured together at their rear ends and provided with comb teeth at their free ends, the points of the two adjacent teeth on the two arms being spaced apart a predetermined distance, a cutter formed by two parallel arms mating with the arms of the comb, means for reciprocating the cutter relative to the comb comprising a driver block mounted on a pivot pin for oscillating movement relative to the comb and fixedly secured to the cutter, said block having a portion extending normal to the plane of its movement, and adjustable means for tensioning the cutter on the comb comprising a thumb screw loosely fitting through an aperture in the extending portion of the driver block, the end of the screw being seated on a pivot point on a line normal to the plane of movement of the cutter and containing the axis of the pivot pin, a spring seat threaded on the screw between the pivot point and the extending portion, said spring seat being fixed against rotation and movable linearly relative to. the extending portion, and a compression spring exerting force between the spring seat and the extending portion.v

'7. A clipper for obtaining hair density samples comprising a comb formed by two elongated parallel arms defining an elongated clearance space between them, said arms being fixedly secured together at their rear ends and provided with comb teeth at their free ends, a cutter formed by two parallel arms mating with the arms of the comb, means for reciprocating the cutter relative to the comb, and means for exerting force on the cutter to hold it against the comb, said means being positioned at a point rearwardly of the cutter arms whereby the cutter arms and clearance space are free from obstructions.

8. In a clipper for obtaining hair density samples, a comb formed by two parallel arms defining a clearance space between them, said arms being fixedly secured together at'their rear ends and provided with comb, teeth at their free ends, the points of the two adjacent teeth on the two arms being spaced apart, a predetermined distance.

9. A clipper comprising a comb, a cutter mating with the comb, means for reciprocating the cutter relative to the comb comprising a driver block mounted on a pivot pin for oscillating movement relative to the comb and fixedly secured to the cutter, said block having a portion extending normal to the plane of its movement, and adjustable meansfor tensioning the cutter on the comb comprising a thumb screw loosely fitting through an aperture in the extending portion of the driver block, the end of the screw being seated on a pivot point on a line normal to the plane of movement of the cutter and containing the axis of the pivot pin, a spring seat threaded on the screw between the pivot point and the extending portion, said spring seat being fixed against rotation and movable linearly relative to the extending portion, and a compression spring exerting force between the spring seat and the extending portion.

10. A clipper comprising a comb, a cutter mating with the comb, means for reciprocating the cutter relative to the comb comprising a pivotal mounting of the cutter relative to the comb on an axis normal to the plane of movement of the cutter, said cutter being provided with a portion extending laterally from the plane of movement of the cutter, and means for tensioningthe cutter on the comb comprisinga pin expivot point on a line normal ing with the comb, means for reciprocating the cutter relative to the comb, and means for ten- ,sioning the cutter on the comb comprising a portion fixed to the cutter remote from its front end and extending laterally therefrom, and spring means exerting force against the free end of the laterally extending portion for resiliently holding the cutter against the comb.

JOHN I. HARDY.

Images