US2327828A - Colloidal carbon antihalation layer - Google Patents

Colloidal carbon antihalation layer Download PDF

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Publication number
US2327828A
US2327828A US385277A US38527741A US2327828A US 2327828 A US2327828 A US 2327828A US 385277 A US385277 A US 385277A US 38527741 A US38527741 A US 38527741A US 2327828 A US2327828 A US 2327828A
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United States
Prior art keywords
dispersion
carbon
cellulose acetate
photographic
colloidal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US385277A
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English (en)
Inventor
Norwood L Simmons
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to US343254A priority Critical patent/US2271234A/en
Priority to GB14235/40A priority patent/GB544006A/en
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US385277A priority patent/US2327828A/en
Priority to DEK2577D priority patent/DE893009C/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2327828A publication Critical patent/US2327828A/en
Priority to FR937743D priority patent/FR937743A/fr
Priority to FR945157D priority patent/FR945157A/fr
Priority to FR57920D priority patent/FR57920E/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation

Definitions

  • a light absorbing material i usually applied to one of the surfaces of the support such as the rear surface so that the rays, which would otherwise be reflected onto the sensitive layer, are thereby absorbed. It is usually desirablefor the lightabsorb light to which the emulsion layer is sensitive and, in the case of panchromatic or multicolor elements, the anti-halation layer, should absorb as much of the visible spectrum as possible.
  • Carbon or graphite dispersed in the backing material is especially suitable for this purpose and a colloidal carbon dispersion for use in anti-halation backings has been described in Staud & Weyerts U. Srpatent application Serial No. 343,254, filed June 29, 1940, now Patent Number 2,271,234.
  • the principal object of the present invention to provide an anti halation layer ofcolloidal carbon or carbon black which is finely dispersed in a coating solution and which solution may be diluted with organic liquids to proper coating consistency.
  • a further object is to provide an anti-hala-tion layer which dissolves smoothly inphotographic developers and does not disintegrate and contaminate the developer.
  • the absorbing material of the anti-halation layer to anti-halation layer a water-insoluble,alkali-soludispersed therein in a sufficiently fine state of subdivision that the dispersion may be diluted with organic solvents to an indefinite extent and is maintained in the dispersed state both during and after coating on a photographic support.
  • the method of preparing such dispersion will be -more fully described hereinafter.
  • the material which I propose to use as an anti-halation backing for photographic elements comprises as a supporting material a waterinsoluble,alkali-soluble synthetic colloidal ma- ,terial, such as a cellulose ester or synthetic resin.
  • the cellulose ester is .preferably a dicarboxylic acid ester of cellulose such as cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate maleate, cellulose acetate succinate, cellulose'acetate propionate phthalate, cellulose acetate propionate maleatc or cellulose acetate propionate succinate.
  • the synthetic resin is preferably a polyvinyl resin such a polyvinyl phthalate or polyvinyl acetate phthalate.
  • alkali-soluble dispersion medium or vehicle is mixed'with the carbon in a dry state and a small quantity of plasticizer is added. The whole is then mixed roughly by any simple method and the mixture is fed moving rolls.
  • the mass shall exhibit an unusually stifi consistency. It may be necessary to heat or cool the rolls of the mill to attain such consistency. This depends to some extent on the quantity of plasticizer added to the mixture. In order to increase the shearing force, it may be desirable to operate the two rolls of the mill at a differential speed of perhaps 1% to 1 as between the front and rear rolls. The more closely the rolls are held together during the milling operation, the greater is the shearing stress and consequently the more nearly perfect the degree of dispersion of the pigment in the vehicle.
  • the following example illustrates the method of forming a dispersion of carbon black in the alkali-soluble material suitable for use as an anti-halation backing according to my invention.
  • cellulose acetate phthalate made from a cellulose acetate of 38.3% acetyl and containing 23.0% total combined phthalyl
  • Peerless Brand carbon black sold by Binney 8: Smith Company, New York city
  • methyl car- ,bitol 200 grams of methyl car- ,bitol.
  • the mass is mixed intimately with a paddle and is then fed rapidly into the rolls of a rubber mill,
  • the rolls are preferably water cooled to maintain a maximum temperature of 180 F. Heat is generated during the milling operation.
  • the rolls turn at speeds of 24 R. P. M. and 30 R. P, M. in opposite directions so as to carry the mass down between the rolls.
  • the sheet of material which is wrapped completely about the faster moving roll is taken off the roll by means of a blade which is an integra1 part of the mill.
  • the sheet of material which falls from the roll is about inch thick, and soon cools to room temperature and becomes quite brittle, breaking into chips when handled.
  • the efiiciency of the dispersion process may be measured by dissolving some of the chip-like vehicle for the dispersed material is an alkaliinsoluble material such as cellulose nitrate, whereas alkali-soluble material is used for the v purposes of my invention.
  • a 75 gram portion of the dispersion of carbon black in cellulose acetate phthalate prepared as described above is dissolved in 270 grams of methyl Cellosolve, 160 grams of water, 10 grams of acetone and 380 grams of ethyl alcohol.
  • This solution is quite stable without further treatment except for a slight sedimentation which is largely due to the chemical nature of the vehicle used. The same degree of sedimentation, which diminishes to a small amount after 24 hours, takes place if the cellulose acetate phthalate is used alone without carbon black dispersed in it.
  • the solution which has a viscosity of about 5 centipoises, may
  • a support [0 of any suitable material such as cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate or synthetic resin is coated with an emulsion layer H or with suitable subbing layers (not shown) between the support l0 and the emulsion layer II, and with the anti-halation layer l2 consisting of the alkali-soluble material containing dispersed colloidal carbon.
  • Coatings of carbon black dispersed in cellulose acetate phthalate or other alkali-soluble materials may be used as anti-halation layer when appled to photographic film so as to give various types of photographic film.
  • the coatings prepared according to my invention are also useful in the preparation of leaders for motion picture film or for anti-static layers in Carbon black coatings avoid the appearance of residual dye stain which frequently results from the use of dye backings in photographic film and also decrease the electrical resistance of the film.
  • methyl carbitol as a plasticizer for the cellulosic vehicle.
  • Other plasticizers such as methyl Cellosolve, triacetin, dibutyl phthalate, etc., may be used.
  • cellulose acetate phthalate is the pre ferred vehicle for the carbon dispersions used ac cording to my invention, I am not limited to this material but may use the other water-soluble, alkali-soluble materials specified herein. Ihave found that cellulose acetate phthalates made 'from cellulose acetate of from 32% to 38.3%
  • I claim: I 1. The method of p'reparing anti-halations for photographic supports,-which comprises mixing a carbon pigment with a water-insoluble, al-
  • Kali-soluble, synthetic .colloidal material subjecting the mixture to vigorous shearing forces while in the condition of a highly viscous, plastic mass, so that a dispersion of the carbon pigment in the colloidal material'is formed which may be diluted with organic liquids without precipitating the carbon pigment from the dispersion, diluting said dispersion with an organic liquid, .and coating it on a photographic support.
  • the method of preparing anti-halation backings for photographic supports which comprises mixing a carbon pigment with a dicarboxylic acid ester of cellulose, subjecting the mixture to vigorous shearing forces while in the condition of a highly viscous, plastic mass, so that a dispersion of the carbon pigment in the colloidal material is formed which may be diluted with organicliquids without precipitating the carbon pigment from the dispersion, diluting said dispersion with an organic liquid, and coating it on a photographic support.
  • the method of preparing anti-hala'tion backings for photographic supports which comprises mixing a carbon pigment with cellulose acetate phthalate, subjecting the mixture to vigorous shearing forces while in the condition of a highly viscous, plastic mass, so that a dispersion of the carbon pigment in the colloidal material is formed which may be diluted with organic liquids without precipitating the carbon pigment from the dispersion, diluting said dispersion with an organic liquid, and coating it on a photographic support,
  • the method of preparing anti-halation backings for photographic supports which comprises mixing acarbon pigment with cellulose acetate propionate phthalate, subjecting the mixture to vigorous shearing forces while in the condition of a highly viscous, plastic mass, so that a dispersion of the carbon pigment in the colloidal material is formed which maybe diluted with organic liquids without precipitating the carbon pigment from the dispersion, diluting said dispersion with an organic liquid, and coating it on a photographic support.
  • the method of preparing anti-halation backings for photographic supports which comprises mixing a carbon pigment with cellulose acetate propionate succinate, subjecting the mixture to vigorous shearing forces while in the condition of a highly viscous, plastic mass, so that a dispersion of the carbon pigment in the colloidal material is formed which may be diluted with organic liquids without precipitating the carbon pigment from the dispersion, diluting said dispersion with an organic liquid, and coating it on a photographic support,
  • a photographic element comprising a support having thereon a sensitive emulsionlayer and an anti-halation layer consisting of a waterinsoluble, alkali-soluble, synthetic colloidal material and colloidal carbon which has been dispersed in said colloidal material by the action of high shearing forces applied to the material while it is in the condition of a highly viscous plastic mass and to such an extentthat dilution of the dispersion by organic liquids causes no precipitation of carbon pigment from the dispersion, and which is in a sufilciently fine state of subdivision that a dispersion is maintained upon dilution of the material with an organic liquid and during and after coating.
  • a photographic element comprising a support having thereon a sensitive emulsion layer and an anti-halation layer consisting of a dicarboxylic acid ester of cellulose and colloidal carbon which has been dispersed in said cellulose ester .
  • a photographic element comprising a support having thereon a sensitive emulsion layer and an anti-halation layer consisting of a cellulose acetate phthalate and colloidal carbon which has been dispersed in said cellulose acetate phthalate by the action of high shearing forces applied to said cellulose acetate phthalate while it is in the condition of a highly viscous plastic mass and to such an extent that dilution of the dispersion by organic liquids causes no precipitation of carbon pigment from the dispersion, and which is in a suiiiciently fine state of subdivision that a dispersion is maintained upon dilution of the cellulose acetate phthalate with an organic liquid and during and after coating.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US385277A 1940-06-29 1941-03-26 Colloidal carbon antihalation layer Expired - Lifetime US2327828A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US343254A US2271234A (en) 1940-06-29 1940-06-29 Colloidal carbon antihalation layer
GB14235/40A GB544006A (en) 1941-03-26 1940-09-16 Improvements in sensitive photographic elements
US385277A US2327828A (en) 1941-03-26 1941-03-26 Colloidal carbon antihalation layer
DEK2577D DE893009C (de) 1941-03-26 1941-08-30 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Lichthofschutzschichten
FR937743D FR937743A (fr) 1941-03-26 1945-08-02 Produits photographiques avec couches anti-halo
FR945157D FR945157A (fr) 1941-03-26 1945-08-03 Produits photosensibles comportant une couche anti-halo
FR57920D FR57920E (fr) 1941-03-26 1947-12-29 Produits photographiques avec couches antihalo

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US385277A US2327828A (en) 1941-03-26 1941-03-26 Colloidal carbon antihalation layer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2327828A true US2327828A (en) 1943-08-24

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US385277A Expired - Lifetime US2327828A (en) 1940-06-29 1941-03-26 Colloidal carbon antihalation layer

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2327828A (fr)
DE (1) DE893009C (fr)
FR (3) FR937743A (fr)
GB (1) GB544006A (fr)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2653872A (en) * 1947-01-28 1953-09-29 Polaroid Corp Photographic product comprising a rupturable container carrying a liquid for processing said product
US2694662A (en) * 1950-06-10 1954-11-16 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque sheeting and method of making same
US2716060A (en) * 1950-07-07 1955-08-23 Direct Reproduction Corp Contact printing emulsion and method of making
US2968582A (en) * 1958-09-22 1961-01-17 Eastman Kodak Co Film products having pectin layers
US3222178A (en) * 1961-10-09 1965-12-07 Eastman Kodak Co Composite film element
US3269252A (en) * 1961-05-08 1966-08-30 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Photographic material
US3392022A (en) * 1964-09-29 1968-07-09 Eastman Kodak Co Removable antihalation layers for photographic film
US3516832A (en) * 1966-11-25 1970-06-23 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic articles and materials useful in their manufacture
US3849191A (en) * 1966-11-25 1974-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic articles and materials useful in their manufacture
US4301239A (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-11-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Antistatic backing layer for unsubbed polyester film
US4588673A (en) * 1982-06-30 1986-05-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Retouchable mat film
US5576162A (en) * 1996-01-18 1996-11-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having an electrically-conductive layer
EP0772080A2 (fr) 1995-11-02 1997-05-07 Eastman Kodak Company Elément photographique pour film cinématographique
EP0791858A1 (fr) 1996-02-26 1997-08-27 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Procédé de préparation d'une plaque d'impression lithographique par phototypie selon le procédé de diffusion-transfert de sel d'argent
US5689372A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-11-18 Eastman Kodak Company Integral imaging with anti-halation
US5747232A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-05-05 Eastman Kodak Company Motion imaging film comprising a carbon black-containing backing and a process surviving conductive subbing layer
US5786134A (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-07-28 Eastman Kodak Company Motion picture print film
US6096491A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-08-01 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer for imaging element
US6162596A (en) * 1999-08-30 2000-12-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging elements containing an electrically-conductive layer comprising polythiophene and a cellulosic polymer binder
US6190846B1 (en) 1998-10-15 2001-02-20 Eastman Kodak Company Abrasion resistant antistatic with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6429248B2 (en) 1999-08-30 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Coating composition containing electrically-conductive polymer and solvent mixture
US20040135126A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-07-15 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene and solvent mixture
US20050029496A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2005-02-10 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene, film-forming binder, and solvent mixture

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2653872A (en) * 1947-01-28 1953-09-29 Polaroid Corp Photographic product comprising a rupturable container carrying a liquid for processing said product
US2694662A (en) * 1950-06-10 1954-11-16 Eastman Kodak Co Opaque sheeting and method of making same
US2716060A (en) * 1950-07-07 1955-08-23 Direct Reproduction Corp Contact printing emulsion and method of making
US2968582A (en) * 1958-09-22 1961-01-17 Eastman Kodak Co Film products having pectin layers
US3269252A (en) * 1961-05-08 1966-08-30 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Photographic material
US3222178A (en) * 1961-10-09 1965-12-07 Eastman Kodak Co Composite film element
US3392022A (en) * 1964-09-29 1968-07-09 Eastman Kodak Co Removable antihalation layers for photographic film
US3516832A (en) * 1966-11-25 1970-06-23 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic articles and materials useful in their manufacture
US3849191A (en) * 1966-11-25 1974-11-19 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic articles and materials useful in their manufacture
US4301239A (en) * 1979-12-05 1981-11-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Antistatic backing layer for unsubbed polyester film
US4588673A (en) * 1982-06-30 1986-05-13 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Retouchable mat film
EP0772080A2 (fr) 1995-11-02 1997-05-07 Eastman Kodak Company Elément photographique pour film cinématographique
US5679505A (en) * 1995-11-02 1997-10-21 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element useful as a motion picture print film
US5689372A (en) * 1995-12-22 1997-11-18 Eastman Kodak Company Integral imaging with anti-halation
US5576162A (en) * 1996-01-18 1996-11-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having an electrically-conductive layer
EP0785464A1 (fr) 1996-01-18 1997-07-23 Eastman Kodak Company Elément d'imagerie avec couche électroconductrice
EP0791858A1 (fr) 1996-02-26 1997-08-27 Agfa-Gevaert N.V. Procédé de préparation d'une plaque d'impression lithographique par phototypie selon le procédé de diffusion-transfert de sel d'argent
US5747232A (en) * 1997-02-27 1998-05-05 Eastman Kodak Company Motion imaging film comprising a carbon black-containing backing and a process surviving conductive subbing layer
US5786134A (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-07-28 Eastman Kodak Company Motion picture print film
US6096491A (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-08-01 Eastman Kodak Company Antistatic layer for imaging element
US6190846B1 (en) 1998-10-15 2001-02-20 Eastman Kodak Company Abrasion resistant antistatic with electrically conducting polymer for imaging element
US6355406B2 (en) 1998-10-15 2002-03-12 Eastman Kodak Company Process for forming abrasion-resistant antistatic layer with polyurethane for imaging element
US6162596A (en) * 1999-08-30 2000-12-19 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging elements containing an electrically-conductive layer comprising polythiophene and a cellulosic polymer binder
US6429248B2 (en) 1999-08-30 2002-08-06 Eastman Kodak Company Coating composition containing electrically-conductive polymer and solvent mixture
US20040135126A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2004-07-15 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene and solvent mixture
US20050029496A1 (en) * 2001-06-26 2005-02-10 Schwark Dwight W. Coating composition containing polythiophene, film-forming binder, and solvent mixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR937743A (fr) 1948-08-25
FR57920E (fr) 1953-09-18
DE893009C (de) 1953-10-12
GB544006A (en) 1942-03-24
FR945157A (fr) 1949-04-27

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