US2326580A - Resistance material - Google Patents

Resistance material Download PDF

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Publication number
US2326580A
US2326580A US436471A US43647142A US2326580A US 2326580 A US2326580 A US 2326580A US 436471 A US436471 A US 436471A US 43647142 A US43647142 A US 43647142A US 2326580 A US2326580 A US 2326580A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resistance
copper
manganese
nickel
oxides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US436471A
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English (en)
Inventor
Charles H Trenkle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE475405D priority Critical patent/BE475405A/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US436471A priority patent/US2326580A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2326580A publication Critical patent/US2326580A/en
Priority to FR948142D priority patent/FR948142A/fr
Priority to CH266484D priority patent/CH266484A/fr
Priority to GB19263/47A priority patent/GB631216A/en
Priority to AT178401D priority patent/AT178401B/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/042—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient mainly consisting of inorganic non-metallic substances
    • H01C7/043—Oxides or oxidic compounds

Definitions

  • This invention relates to resistors and resistance materials which have high negative temperature coefficients of resistance, and to meth ods of making such resistors. and resistance materials. More specifically, it relates to resistance materials containing combinations of. metal oxides.
  • resistance materials having certain desirable characteristics may be made from heat treated combinations of metal oxides.
  • series of units may be made having a wide range of specific resistance but all within a comparatively narrow range of high resistance temperature coeificients.
  • the specific resistances of manganese oxide and nickel oxide are relatively high, but a heat treated combination of the two oxides in any proportion has a lower specific resistance than either of them.
  • these oxides are mixed in such proportions that the atomic ratio of manganese to nickel i in the order of from 2 to 1 to 4 to 1, a minimum specific resistance may be obtained.
  • the resistancetemperature coefficient of each of these oxides is relatively high in absolute value and this value is not appreciably reduced the two oxides.
  • a further reduction in specific resistance may be obtained by adding to a mini- '7 mum specific resistance composition of manganese and nickel oxides, an oxide of cobalt.
  • substantially m nimum resistance for this ternary composition may be obtained when the cobalt atoms comprise from to 40 per cent of the total metal atoms present.
  • One object of this invention is to further improve resistors and resistance materials made from oxides of metal.
  • Another object of this invention is to improve the resistance characteristics of resistors and resistance material containing oxides of manganese, nickel and cobalt,
  • a further object of this invention is to con trol the specific resistance of the resistance materials without appreciably affecting their resistance temperature coefficients.
  • One feature of this invention resides in the addition of a copper oxides of manganese, nickel and cobalt, in the formation of resistance material.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional view of a resistor illustrating one embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a difierent resistor illustrating another embodiment of the invention.
  • the amount of copper with relation to the total metal present is about 4 per cent.
  • the absence of difiiculties with this composition previously ascribed to the presence of copper may be due to the relatively small amount of copper present therein. Whatever the reason may be, the fact remains that tests show that combinaresistance for the size aggravate the above-,
  • a resistance material consisting of intimately mixed, collectively heat treated oxides of f'inanganese, cobalt, nickel and copper in which 1200 C. is satisfactory.
  • the temperature and atmosphere of heat treatment are regulated in accordance with the resistance desired.
  • the resistance of the material as previously indicated. isa function of the relative amounts or the metallic elements present after the materials are combined.
  • the atmosphere of heat treatment determines the amount of oxygen in the finished product which also affects the resistance value.
  • the initial materials may be in the form of oxides, or other compounds of the required metallic elements which will produce a combined oxidic material upon proper treatment. For example,
  • all or some of the materials may be combined in the form of finely powdered carbonates which mixture may be changed to a combination of oxides by suitable calcining.
  • a relatively small amount of one of the metallic elements such as the copper in the present composition, it maybe added in theform of a soluble compound such'as a nitrate dissolved inwater.
  • a bead type unit such as that shown in Fig. 1,
  • the binder may be water or preferably comprises a solution of a compound of the metal appearing in the smallest proportions, in this case copper.
  • a compound of the metal appearing in the smallest proportions in this case copper.
  • these may be mixed "with water to which has been added a sufiicient amount of copper nitrate to give the desired amount of copper in the resistance composition.
  • the resulting paste is formed into bodies, such as bead It, on parallel wires ll of refractory conductive material, such as platinum'or an alloy of platinum and iridium.
  • bodies or beads are then dried and heat treated.
  • a unit of the disc or plate type such as is shown in Fig. 2 may be made by intimately mixing the finely divided oxides, pressing them into a body 29 and heat treating said body.
  • Contact electrodes may be applied to opposite faces of the heat treated disc by-any adequate means.
  • a suitable connection can be made by applying metallic paste to the surfaces and imbedding conductive leads 22 therein. The units may then be heated to solidify the paste into electrodes 2
  • the electrodes may also be applied to the metallic elements are present in amounts according to thaorder given, the amount of manganese being the greatest and of the order. of
  • a resistance material consisting of intimately mixed, collectively heat treated oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper in which of the total metal present, manganese comprises about 50 per cent, copper about 5 per cent, the
  • a thermally sensitive resistance material consisting of intimately mixed, collectively heat treated oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper, the major portion of the material comprising the oxides of manganese, cobalt and nickel among which the manganese exceeds the sum of the cobalt and nickel and the cobalt exceeds the nickel, and a small remainder of copper oxide, the copper oxide content being less than about 5 per cent of the whole.
  • a resistance material consisting of 'intimately mixed, collectively heat treated oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper in which the manganese to nickel ratio ranges between 2 to 1 and 4 to 1, the cobalt is in the order of 30 per cent, and the copper in the order of 5 per cent of the total metal present.
  • a resistance material consisting of the combined oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt and copper sintered at about 1200 C. and in which the atomic ratio of metalsis approximately 50 manganese 16 nickelz30 cobalt:4 copper.
  • a resistance material consisting of the combined oxides of manganese, nickel, cobalt, and
  • a resistance material consisting of a composition of metal-oxygen compounds, the metal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Non-Adjustable Resistors (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
US436471A 1942-03-27 1942-03-27 Resistance material Expired - Lifetime US2326580A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE475405D BE475405A (d) 1942-03-27
US436471A US2326580A (en) 1942-03-27 1942-03-27 Resistance material
FR948142D FR948142A (fr) 1942-03-27 1947-06-17 Matériau pour résistances électriques
CH266484D CH266484A (fr) 1942-03-27 1947-06-30 Matière résistante pour l'électricité.
GB19263/47A GB631216A (en) 1942-03-27 1947-07-18 Improved electrical resistance materials
AT178401D AT178401B (de) 1942-03-27 1953-03-09 Widerstandsmaterial und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US436471A US2326580A (en) 1942-03-27 1942-03-27 Resistance material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2326580A true US2326580A (en) 1943-08-10

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US436471A Expired - Lifetime US2326580A (en) 1942-03-27 1942-03-27 Resistance material

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US2326580A (d)
AT (1) AT178401B (d)
BE (1) BE475405A (d)
CH (1) CH266484A (d)
FR (1) FR948142A (d)
GB (1) GB631216A (d)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462162A (en) * 1944-07-03 1949-02-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Metallic oxide resistor
US2645700A (en) * 1949-08-27 1953-07-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Semiconductor of mixed nickel, manganese, and iron oxides
US2694050A (en) * 1949-09-01 1954-11-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermally sensitive resistor
US2863840A (en) * 1956-01-31 1958-12-09 Philips Corp Electrical resistor
CN115925391A (zh) * 2023-01-04 2023-04-07 山东中厦电子科技有限公司 一种大电容量功率型热敏材料及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1085236B (de) * 1952-11-27 1960-07-14 Siemens Ag Heissleiter mit eingesinterten Anschlusskontakten
FR2598021B1 (fr) * 1986-04-25 1990-10-19 Lcc Cie Europ Composants El Compositions pour thermistances a coefficient de temperature negatif

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462162A (en) * 1944-07-03 1949-02-22 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Metallic oxide resistor
US2645700A (en) * 1949-08-27 1953-07-14 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Semiconductor of mixed nickel, manganese, and iron oxides
US2694050A (en) * 1949-09-01 1954-11-09 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thermally sensitive resistor
US2863840A (en) * 1956-01-31 1958-12-09 Philips Corp Electrical resistor
CN115925391A (zh) * 2023-01-04 2023-04-07 山东中厦电子科技有限公司 一种大电容量功率型热敏材料及其制备方法
CN115925391B (zh) * 2023-01-04 2023-07-04 山东中厦电子科技有限公司 一种大电容量功率型热敏材料及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR948142A (fr) 1949-07-22
CH266484A (fr) 1950-01-31
AT178401B (de) 1954-05-10
BE475405A (d)
GB631216A (en) 1949-10-28

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