US2321286A

US2321286A - Door operating device

Info

Publication number: US2321286A
Application number: US297610A
Authority: US
Inventors: Knut G Etsel; Christensen John
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1939-10-02
Filing date: 1939-10-02
Publication date: 1943-06-08
Anticipated expiration: 1960-06-08

Description

June 8, 1943. K Q ETSEL TAL 2,321,286

- DOOR OPERATING :DEVICE Original Fled July 26, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 CTL 1L BY JOHN' CHE/.57' /VSE/V A TTORNEYS.

June 8, 1943. K. G. ETsEL ETAL 2,321,235

DOOR OPERATING DEVICE l Crginal Filed July 26, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheei'l 2 A TTORNEYS.

June 8, 1943. K. G. ETsEL ET AL DOOR OPERATING DEVICE Crginal Filed July 26, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 June s, 1943. K, G, ETSEL -ML 2,321,286

DOOR OPERATING DEVICE 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Criginal Filed July 26, 1934 June 8,1943. K. GjETSEI. Em 2,321,286

DOOR OPERATING DEVICE Original Filed July 26, 1934 5 Sheets-Sheet 5` Y "Illl TIG. 20

INVENTOR; lfm/r q. 73151.'

ATTORNEY.

Patented June S, 1945?:

UNITED STATES oFFIcE Continuation of application Serial No. 737,000, July 26, 1934. This application October 2, 1939,

Serial No. 297,610

3 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for opening doors and has for its object to provide a new and improved device of this description. rlvhe invention has as a further object to provide means for opening any kind of doors which may be actuated from a distant point. The invention has as a further object to provide a door Opening device by means of which the door may be opened from a distant point or opened by means of the normal door opening mechanism, the opening apparatus controlled from a distant point not interfering With the normal manual opening means. The invention has as a further object to provide a door opening device which may be used for any door and which is particularly adapted for the doors of automobiles and permits the door to be opened by the driver without lthe necessity of touching the door or the handle thereof.

The invention has as a further object to yprovide a door opening apparatus which may be actuated from any suitable point at a distance from the door and which will unlock the door When so actuated and cause the door to swing open. The invention has as a further object to provide such a door opening device which is brought into operative condition Whenever the door is closed. The invention has as 'a further object to provide a door opening mechanism which in no manner interferes with the normal manual operation of f the door from either a closed or open position. The invention ha-s as a further object to provide a door opening mechanism which is selective and which does not depend on sequence, as it can be made to cause the door to open if closed, or to close if opened, Whether the previous cycle has been operated through manual or mechanical means. The invention has further objects which are more particularly pointed out in the accompanying description.

Referring now to the drawings, wherein for purposes of illustration we have shown one form of mechanism applied to an automobile door, Fig. 1 is a side view of an automobile having One form of the apparatus applied thereto;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing the instrument board and associated parts of the automobile;

Fig, 3 is a view showing the mechanism at the door;

Fig. 4 is a sectional View taken on line li--l of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken on line 5 5 of Fig. 3;

(o1. zoe-"3) Fig. 6 is a view showing the electric circuits for one form of the device;

Fig. 7 is a view showing the door in its closed position, with parts broken away;

Fig'. 8 is a View showing a modified construction;

Fig. 9 is 'a sectional View taken on line 9 9 of Fig. 8;

Fig. 1G is a sectional view taken on line ID-l of Fig. 8;

Fig, 11 is a view showing the door in its closed position, with parts broken away;

Fig. 12 is a view of an automobile body, with parts broken away, showing the interior thereof with one form of mechanism in position;

Fig, 13 is a front elevation of a portion of the operating mechanism including the motor;

Fig. 14 is a view showing an ordinary lock adapted for the operating cable 'of the device;

Fig. 15 is a sectional view taken on line lli-'45 of Fig. 17;

Fig. 16 is a sectional view taken cn lineY 15e-l5 of Fig. 17;

Fig. 17 is a top View of the mechanism showing the motor and associated parts;

Fig. 18 isa sectional view taken on im@ l s a a of Fig. 17;

Fig. 19 is a sectional View taken on line lS-'IQ of Fig. 17;

Fig. 20 shows a similar control circuit which may be used in connection with the apparatus.

Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the several gures.

This is a continuing application of the applicants copendingorigi'nal application Serial No. 737,000, led July 2G, 1934.

For purposes of illustration, we have shown the device in connection with an automobile door, but it is of course evident that it may be used with any other door. Generally speaking, the device consists of mechanism which may be operated by a motor and which may be controlled from a point distant from the door, as by any switch device which may be operated by hand or through the agency of push buttons, levers, or by foot pedals, or by any other suitable means. When the device is operated from this distant point, the bolt of the door is moved to unlock it and the door is thrown open by means of a suitable spring properly arranged for this purpose'.

Referring now tc `the particular mechanism illustrated, which shows one form of the device,-

there is provided a motor I, see Figs. 13, 16, 1.7, 1S and 19, preferably with al .Worm `drive and train of gears '2, and driving main shaft 3, having a ratchet 4 keyed to it and arranged to drive the drum I5, see Fig. 19, through a pawl 5 mounted on said drum in a counter-clockwise direction, but unable to rotate said drum in a clockwise direction. A connecting rod 'I has its lower end pivoted on a stud mounted on the face of the drum B, and has its upper end, which is slotted, pivoted on astud mounted on the face of the bell crank 8 and placed in such a position that a complete revolution of the drum 5 will cause the bell crank 8 to transcribe an arc, whose limits conform with the sides of an angle having its apex at the center of the rocker shaft 9.

The rocker shaft 9 is made of two sections, vdetails of which are shown in Fig. 18, which is a sectional view through line I 8-I8 of Fig. 17, the anterior section having an enlarged portion bored out to accommodate an extension ofthe posterior section which is carried through the bearing I8 to provide support, thereby eliminating any binding between the two sections, other than friction.

The rocker shaft 9 has mounted upon it the following members, reading from front to rear, a governor damper worm gear II, a spring drum I2, the bell crank 8, a gear housing I4, a spur gear I5, a second spur gear I6, a cable sheave I 1, and a cam operated arm I 8, The members I I, I2, 8 and I5 are torsionally connected to the anterior section of the rocker shaft 9. The members I6 and I8 are torsionally connected to the posterior section of the rocker shaft 9. The members I4 and I'I are free to rotate.

The gear housing I4 carries a shaft I9 parallel to rocker shaft 8 and extending through bearings in the side walls of the gear housing I4. A cable drum and a wide pinion gear 2| are keyed to this shaft I9. The pinion gear 2| meshes with'the spur gear I6 and with the intermediate gear 22, which in turn is meshed with the spur gear I5. The intermediate gear 22 rotates on the stud 23, which extends inwardly from one of the side walls of the gear housing I4.

When the motor I is caused to operate in suc-h a direction as to rotate the drum 5 in a counterclockwise direction, it will transmit during onehalf revolution, a rotary movement to the anterior section of the rocker shaft 9, through the connecting rod 'I and bell crank 8, such rotary motion being only a part of a revolution. This counter-clockwise partial rotation is imparted to the spur gear I5, as well as to the other members keyed to this part of the rocker shaft 9, and causes the intermediate gear 22 to drive the pinion gear 2| and cable drum-28 in a counterclockwise direction. One end of the pinion gear 2| being in mesh with the spur gear I6, a counterclockwise rotation of said pinion gear will cause it to move itself around the gear I6 in a counterclockwise direction, rotating the gear housing I4 with it. The extent of this rotation is determined by the radius of the circle scribed by the stud on the drum 5, the radius of the arc scribed by the stud on the bell crank 8 and the ratio of the spur gear I5 to spur gear I6.

A cable 24 is weaved through a groove in the sheave I'I lupward on its right side and following l its circumference around the top and leading off to the left to the cable drum 28 to which it is an chored in such away as to cause said cable to wind up on the upper periphery of said drum when it is being rotated in a counter-clockwise direction. 'I'his is shown in detail in Fig. 16. which is a'sectional view through line IB-Ii of Fig. 17. The rotary movement of the gear housactress ing I4 as a whole around the rocker shaft 9 causes the cable 24 to be pulled around the sheave I'I, in addition to the amount wound up on the drum 2 as it rotates on its own axis, and it is the sum of these two movements that constitutes the distance traveled by the cable 24. The amount of travel is determined by the size of the cable drum 29, as well as the entire ratio between drum 6 and cable drum 28. It is the travel of cable 24 that is utilized to unlatch the lock on the door, and the cable is conducted to lock through sheaves mounted on the door closing connecting rods, slides, levers, etc., in such a manner as to maintain the same relative position of the lock bolt to cable drum 28, whether the door is open, closed, or in any intermediate position.

A plate 35 is pivoted at 3l to an anchorage 38 fastened to a main stud 39, and is held against the end wall of a gear housing I4 by tension of the spring 49. When the gear housing I4 r0- tates in a counter-clockwise direction around the rocker shaft 9 and reaches the limit of its movement, it engages with a notch 4I on a plate 35, which prevents the gear housing I4 from rotating in a clockwise direction under action 0f the spring I3 which was placed under tensile strain as it wound around the drum I2 during rotation of the rocker shaft 9. The tension of spring I3, which is clockwise in direction, is free to act on rocker shaft 9 as soon as stud on drum 5 has passed dead center by virtue of the pawl 6 overriding the ratchet 4. As gear housing I4 is prevented from turning in a clockwise direction by notch 4I, the only possible escape for energy stored up in spring I3 is to drive the spur gear I5 in a clockwise direction, the intermediate gear 22 in a counter-clockwise direction, the cable drum pinion gear 2| in a clockwise direction, and the spur gear I6 in a counter-clockwise direction. As the gear I 6 and the cam arm I8 are both keyed to the posterior section of the rocker shaft 9, the outer end of cam arm I8 will move through an arc in the same direction that gear I6 rotates, and as the outer end of this arm is coupled to the movement of the door through a system of slides, arms, toggles, orv other means. it can thus be seen that the torque of spring I3 is expended in opening the door. An additional force stored up in the spring or springs of lock and/or lock actuating unit is utilized through tension placed on the cable 24, which produces a torque on the cable drum 29 in the same direction as that of spring I3. The bolt of the latch or lock is adjusted to clear the striking-plate just before the stud on drum 6 reaches dead center, but the torque of spring I3 is not available for opening the door until after this stud has passed dead center. During this interval, which is of short duration, the door could be pushed open by hand, wind or gravity, and should that occur, the gear housing I4 would be rotated a considerable distance beyond the notch 4I on plate 36, but as soon as the stud on drum 5 had passed dead center, the spring I3 would violently snap it 4back against the notch 4I.

To provide for a gradual dissipation of energy in such a case, the damper governor 44, shown in Fig. 15, which is a front view of area I5I5 of Fig. 17, is placed so that the wormshaft 45 is in mesh with the worm gear I I. The governor consists of the worm shaft 45, supporting a collar 45 to which are fastened, one end each, three flat springs 41 having weighted brake shoes 48 attached to the free ends and suspended inposition to bear against the internal circumference of the brake drum 45. If va condition arises where the energy of spring |3 cannot be utilized to open the door, the suddenclockwise rotation of the rockerl shaft will develop a very rapid rotation of the governor M, which by centrifugal force will expand the weighted brake shoes 4S forcibly against the' interior surface of brake drum 45, producing a vdamping actionv on the expenditure of energy stored in spring lf3V and cable 24. The worm gear ratio and weights of brake shoes are so proportioned that normal rotation of the rocker shaft 3 is not retarded. An arm 55 is pivoted to a bracket supported to the framework inksuch a position-that a pin 5| is held in contact with the periphery of the drum 5 by action of the tension 'spring 52. The drum 5 has a slot in such relationship as to become adjacent to pin 5i a few degrees after the stud on the drum 5 has passed dead center, which allows the pin 5i to drop into this slot. This slot is carried around for a sufficient distance to allow the stud to reach back center, at which point the pin 5| will be adjacent to and will enter a deeper depression at the end of 'the slot. This constitutes a friction stop to hinder any unwarranted rotation of the drum 5.

A pair of contacts 53 connected in the control circuit of a motor contactor 55 are mounted in relation to an arm 5| so that the circuit is closed when the pin 5| is riding the outer periphery of drum 5, but is open when the pin 5| is riding in the slot, or has entered the deeper depression at the end of the slot in the drum 5. This acts as a limit switch to stop the motor after the opening cycle has been completed. The slot in the upper end of the connecting rod 'l allows the drum 5 to complete its operation, regardless of whether the door immediately opens or not.

When conditions do not permit the cable to be vconducted to the lock on the door, such as when a solid metal door is to'be handled, in which case' it might be diflicult to conceal the cable, and where dead bolt locks are used, or where, for any other reason, it is undesirable to bring the cable to the lock on the door, then a device installed in the door jamb is employed to perform the operation of unlocking the door. 13e-- tails of this device are shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5 and are essentially a steel wedge 25, running in guides (not shown), having a spring 26 norrnalhT holding the wedge against a stop on guides so that the small end oi the wedge is between the back rollers 2'! and the roller 28 of thrust member When cable 2e is caused to travel, the wedge 25 is moved in such a direction as to exert a force between rollers El and roller 25. whichV causes the thrust member 25 tomove out through slots in striking plate 3i) to the extent shown by the dotted outline in 5, which is a sectional view through 5--5- of Fig. 3. The thrust member is shown adapted for automobile usage where the striking plate usually has a second catch 3| and the thrust member has sufiicient power to force back the bolt against the tension of the stiff springs encountered in certain types of automobile locks. The thrust member in this case has an additional extension 32 which allows the door bolt to ride over the second eatch'3i without engaging withV it. For ordinary door latches the thrust membc E9 has only one extension.

. For latches which have separate sections of the bolt arranged to ride on the face of the striking plate, allowing only the center portion of the bolt to enter the recess in the striking plate for the purpose of accomplishingk a dea-d bolt effect, the shank ofthe thrust member 29 is provided with cams at the top and bottom and the striking plate has slides at the top and bottom of its recess and are held against the shank of the thrust member by springs, and are capable ofr being forced upward and downward respectively by the action of the cams on the thrust member. These slides engage with the cams outside of the area of the recess in the `striking plate so that there will be no interference with the bolt of the latch; The rst movement outward of the thrust member moves the slides upward and.

downward, thereby enlarging the recess in the striking plate a sufcient amount to let the separate sections of the bolt enter the recess, which action automatically relieves the latch of its dead bolt effect and permits the thrust member, which now contacts the bolt of the latch, to force it out of the recess in the striking plate, thus unlocking the door.

For dead bolt locks, the steel wedge 25 is replaced with a rectangular steel member running in guides and provided with a spring 26 that normally holds it against `a stop on guides. The face of this vsteel member is recessed to accommodate the bolt of the lock, and this recess is extended upward an equal distance above the bolt of the lock. The side of this steel member adjacent to the top portion of its recess, i's slotted out in the direction that the door is arranged to swing, so that when this steel member has been pulled downward a distance suicient to align the slot in its side with the bolt of the lock, then the bolt is free to move through this slot as the door swings open. The steel sliding member is .ar-- ranged to be held in this position by a catch until the bolt of the .lock again enters the slot,

at which time the catch is released, allowing the spring 25 to return the steel member to its normal position.

- Another adaptation combining the principles of the wedge type and those of the dead bolt arrangement is shown in Fig. 8, with Figs. 9 and l0 as sectional views. In this case the steel slide member carries the striking plate 39, which `rides in a slot of the mounting plate, so that when the steel `member has been pulled downward, as shown by the dotted lines, then the striking plate has been moved downward a 'suicient distance to disengage with the bolt of the latch, and the door is free to swing open. The steel sliding member would ordinarily be returnedk to its riormal position by a spring, although the drawings f showia cablepattached at the top. The purpose of this cable will be described later. Fig. l5 shows the striking plate 3) as4 ofthe double catch type, but the ,arrangement is equally eflicient when used with a striking plate recessed and slotted in a similar way to that described for use with dead bolt locks.

Fig. 14 isa View of an ordinary lock used on an,

automobile door, showing anadaptation for operation by the cable 24. A lever 33 is attached to the lock in such a way as to pivot on the stud t@ and is held in normal position by the spring 35. This lever makes contact with alugr 36 extending fromlthe bolt 31,' and when the cable 24 is made to T5 The foregoing is mainly a description of the parts and methods employed to unlock a door, although referencehas been made to some parts that function in both the unlocking and locking cycles. 1

Al cam 55, free to rotate onthe main shaft 3, has a pawl 56 supported in position to "engage with a ratchet 51 which is keyed to the main shaft 3, and able to rotate cam 55 in a clockwiseY direction, but not in a counter-clockwise direction. This is shown in Figs. 16 and 17. A sectional view of Fig. 1'1 through line I9I8 is shown by Fig. 19. A roller 58 is mounted on a stud extending from the face of the cam arm I8 in alignment with the cam 55. The outer end of the cam arm I 8 has a connection through some system of levers, toggles, cables, or other means, with the door, one adaptation of which is shown in Figs. l2, 13, 16 and 1'1. This isa developmenth for use with hinged doors, particularly automobile doors. It will be seen that when the cam arm I8 is caused to move in an arc around its axis in a counter-clockwise direction, it will impart a right hand horizontal motion to slide the carriage 59 through a connecting rod 68. Likewise, a left hand motion will be set up in the slide carriage 58 when the cam arm I8 transcribes a clockwise arc. This horizontal movement is transmitted to the door BI through the connecting rod S2 and door bracket B3. The connecting rod 62 is pivoted at both ends and can thus follow the arc transcribed by the bracket 63 as it swings with the door 6I. A trigger 54 pivoted to the cam arm I8 and having a shoulder 85 that acts as a stop to limit the downward movement of a trigger 65 in relation to the cam` arm I8, and held in Vthis position by tension spring SS, is so adjusted as to come in Contact with the plate 36, but spring 86 allows trigger S4 to override the plate 35, while cam arm I8 is moving in a direction that will cause the door to open, or with the door as it opens, :but any movement of the cam arm I8 in an opposite direction would create a toggle action through the trigger 54 against plate 36a, forcing the notch 4I to disengage with the gear housing I4, allowing the gear housing assembly to move with the rocker shaft S as it returns to its normal position when the door is being closed.

If the door is in an open position, the roller 58 has landed against the cam, 55 at its smallest radius v51. Thus, when the motor I is caused to operate in a direction that will rotate the main shaft 3 in a clockwise direction, the ratchet 51 will engage with pawl 56, forcing cam 55 to interpose its body continuously increasing radii between its axis and roller 58, compelling cam arm I 8 to swing in a clockwise arc, imparting a movement to the system of coupling to the door of such direction and magnitude as to drive the door shut.

A pin 88 free to slide longitudinally in a hole bored through the bed plate 69, has the nose rounded and is capable of entering a depression 18 in .the hub of the cam 55 when such depression is adjacent to pin 68. The depression 18 is shaped with a straight side parallel to the axis of the pin 68, and having the other' side sloped so that after the pin 88 has entered the depression 18, then the cam 55 would be prevented from rotating in a counter-clockwise direction, due to the fact that the straight side of the depression bears against the side of the pin 68, but a clockwise rotation of cam 55 is possible, as the sloping side of the depression 10 will cause the rounded nose of pin B8 to ride out of the depression by forcing the pin B8 to move in opposition to the spring 1 I.

A pair of contacts 12 connected in the control circuit of the motor contactor 54 are mounted in such relation to the pin 68 that the circuit is closed when the pin 68 is riding on the straight part of the end of the hub of cam 55, but is open when pin 68 has entered the depression 18. This acts as a limit switch to stop the motor I after that part of the cam 55 having the greatest radius has cleared the roller 58. This clearance is suf- Iicient to allow free movement of the cam arm I8 without interference from cam 55. Where desirable, the mechanism can be arranged to unlock the door and then drive the door open, as well as being capable of driving the door closed. 'I'his is accomplished by the addition of a second cam having only a portion of its body constructed with increasing radii so as to allow the unlocking cycle to function before this second cam engages with roller 58, which would be wide enough to accommodate beth the opening and closing cams. Also where desirable, the mechanism can be arranged to unlock the door and then drive the door open and to hold the door open until the control circuit is made to trip a catch, which allows the door to close by spring action. This catch may be a separate unit, or the cam r55 may be provided with a second set of contacts that would stop the motor I before the cam 55 clears roller 58, thus holding the door open. 'I'he door would be released by causing the cam 55 to rotate a sufcient distance to clear roller 58, at which point the control circuit would be opened by the contacts 12. In'this case, the device is not fully selective as the door cannot be closed manually, but it is selective in that it can be opened and closed either manually or mechanically.

A suitable cushion is provided to absorb the inertia of the door as it nears the end of travel, especially where actuated by springs, but in any case where conditions warrant. These cushions may be of rubber, or where necessary, an air or oil door check may be used. Such a check may be built into the mechanism as an integral part, or may be attached to the door as a separate unit. Where one movement of the door is actuated by springs, the speed of this movement can be controlled by the use of a damper governor similar to that shown in Fig. 15.

A fundamental circuit is shown in Fig. 20. A special reversing contactor, consisting of coils 13 and 14, each provided with single pole,

double throw contacts

15 and 16 respectively, is shown connected in such a way as to be capable of operating a series motor in either direction. Split phase, single phase, and two or three phase motors can be controlled by providing double pole, double throw contacts at 15 and 16. The control circuit consists of the coils 13 and 14, the open and close buttons 11 and 18, the

limit switch contacts

55 and 12, and the key switch 19.

For use on an automobile, one end of the cir'- cuit is shown grounded to the chassis at 88, and the other end of the circuit 8l is connected to the car battery. In this case, a link 82 bridges two terminals 83 and 84 located in an accessible place, which provides a means of isolating the circuit by removing the link 82, but of more importance, it provides a place for connecting an outside battery in case the car battery has become discharged while standing with the door locked, in which case it would not be possible to unlock the door by use of the key switch 19, and for this reason, it has been made possible to connect 'an outside source of electrical energy between the terminal 83 and some grounded part of the automobile. The possibility of requiring such aid, however, is very remote. When the .button 11 is closed, or when the key switch has been lturned so that its left hand contacts are closed, a circuit has been completed from one side of the line, or of the battery through Alead 8|, button 11 or contacts of key switch 19, coil 13' to the other side of line 8G, or to the battery through ground on the chassis, as the case may be. The coil 13 on being energized will attract its armature which moves the contacts 15 so as to open lthe normally closed and close the normally open contacts, thus completing a circuit of such relative direction through its field and armature in the case of a series motor, or of such relative instantaneous direction through two of its Iwindings in the case of split, two or three phase motors, as to cause the motor to operate the mechanism in a direction suitable for opening a door.

The button l? or key switch l may be returned to normal as soon as the drum 6 has rotated a distance suicient to have closed the contacts 53, which maintain the circuit through coil 13 until the drum has rotated a distance suici'e'nt to have opened the contacts 53, at which time the motor will stop. A similar procedure vwith button 'i3 cr the right hand contacts of key switch 19 will energize coil 14 which will move contacts so as to cperatethe motor in a direction suitable for the mechanism to close a door. The limit switch 12 is used in this case.

The control circuit shown as part of the circuit of Fig. 20 is Ver-y simple and requires the buttons 11 or 18 or the contacts of key switch 19 to be held closed until the limit switches E3 or 12 have been closed, and it further requires these contacts to be opened before the completion of the cycle of operation the mechanism is engaged with. If these starting contacts are not opened, the mechanism will continue to operate repeatedly, which of course will do no harm, other than to use electricity and allow a certain amount of wear to the mechanism. While these faults are not intolerable, nevertheless a more elaborate system is applicable when desired.

To provide means of unlocking and opening, or partly opening, a door, particularly a hinged door and especially a door of an automobile, a device and circuit shown schematically in Fig. 6 is used. This is intended to operate any of the door jamb units shown in Figs. 3, 45, 8 and 10 and described in preceding paragraphs. The drive consists of a series motor l having a eld 85 and an armature, a train of gears 81 and a cabledr-um S8. A cable 89 is conducted around one or more sheaves, one being shown at 90, to a sliding member or wedge 25, and in the case of an automobile, both the drive mechanism and cable are installed so as to be accessible only from the interior of the car. In some instances, as with certain types of automobile sedan bodies, the door jamb between the front and rear door is not deep enough to accommodate a unit like that shown in Fig. 3, and in such casea unit like that shown in Fig. 3 would be used. The spring 26 would be replaced by the cable 9i shown attached to the top of the slide member in Fig. 9, which would be conducted around sheaves to a second cable drum 92. The cable drum 88 would wind up cable S9, while cable drum 92 would pay out- Vcable Si, and vice versa. If desired, the double cable system may be used with any of the I the catch, and. this contact would energize the motor for returning the 4slide member. to its lockedr position after the boltgo'f` the lock hadreentered the slot and closed the' contact.

The circuit, Fig. 6, employs. a button operated switch 93 and a key operatedswitch 94.' These switches are essentially double pole, double throwl switches, made up of flat springs similar to telephone construction. The movable springs normally make contact with two' of the stationary contacts, but are capable of being moved away from these and against the other two stationary contacts. Tov follow telephone practice, .these switches Ycould be describedI as having twoi break and two make contacts. The switch lid-isoprated through the medium ofacylinderrlock which may be installed, conveniently: for use, outside the enclosure'to: which the door givesjaccess. There isV a key for this lock and an electriocircuit connected` with the locky so that the circuit is completed by placing a key in thelock. rIwo cams are mounted on the shaft thatl ,carries the cable drum 88 or the lcable drums 88 and192. Thes'ecai'nsoperate limit switches 95 and 96j, and are adjustable and can be set vfor proper cable travel. When either-of the Vswitches 93A or 94 are operated, a circuit iscompleted kfromxone side ofv line or batteryl 91 through the contacts .of switch S3 or the contacts of switches- Q-,and 9 3, armature of motor p*, limit Switch 95 and i'ield` of motor 85; to other side'ofv lineg9,8; or battery. via groundon theichassis; in the V case-ofv ain, automobile'. .The cur-rent that owsthgrou'gh the rnctor will beof 4such relative direction through-itsarm'ature and eld; as-,to causefitto. drive,y the mechanism in a ldirection V that wiltunlock the door. The switch; 93er 94, asthegcase may' be, must be held until the cams-have rotated; a distance suflilcient to have opened -thejl;imi-t switch 95 and` closed the limit switch 8,53 at which time;

the motor will stopand the door willzgopenor partly open. When the switch thathadbeen usedv tov unlock the door is released,` ancircuit isV completed in:I asimilar way as: before, but through the armature B. in arr` opposite direction,,and through limit switch 96` instead vofthrough limit switch 95. rlflfie motor will stop automatically when the camsfhaye rotated a distance ksuilcient to have opened the limi-t, switch Q6 and closedy the

limit switch

9,5, at which time the slide member or wedge 2 5 has returned to normal. w It will be noted that while thernotor is operating in one direction through onev o -f the-limit'switohes, the other limi-t switchy is preparingua circuit for operating the motor inv tliefopposite direction.

Where it is only desired to have the doorl open partly so as to clear. the lock to prevent the door from being locked againv when the switch 93 ordini is released, then a spring 99 set iny the back of the door, as shown in Figs. 1 and All, is usedto-open the door .part way as soon as it isv unlocked. Where it isv desired to completely open the door, then a spring door check is coupledto! the door by some systemoi toggles, or by other means, y so thatthe springer thev door check will operi the door and the 'end4 oi travel will. be cushioned' by the air or oil escapement of the door check'.

The unlocking, opening and closing operations may be describedv as follows; 4Refsrri'rig'-fFigs- 18 and 19,' shaft 3'- can-fbe caused to' rotate' in either directionby means of: the control' circuit', motor, drive, gears and gears 2'. The" drinnv Ev will cause the drum 6 to rotate, but when the shaft 3 rotates in the other direction, the pawl 56 will cause the cam 55 to rotate. The cam 55 is prevented .from turning in the wrong direction by the pin 68. The drum16 is hindered from ro- 'eating by the action ofthe spring I3, which through the bell crank 8 and connecting rod '1, will Vtend to hold the stud on the drum 6 in its backcen'terl position and the action of the pin 5I which enters a depression in the drum 6.

*Figs v18 and 19 show the normal position of the drum 6, the connecting rod 'I and the entire rocker' shaft assembly.. When the mechanism for unlocking'and opening the door is set in operation, the following action takes place. The main shaft 3 rotates in such a direction that the ratchet 4Uwill engage the pawl 5 and turn the drum 6, but the cam 55 remains stationary. It will be seen that one-half of a revolution of drum 6 will, through the connecting rod 'I, impart a rotary motion to the bell crank 8 and the anterior section or rocker shaft 9. 'I'his is the section having the following members keyed to it, the damper governor gear II, the spring drum I2, the bell crank 8 and the gear I5. During this rotary motion of the anterior section of the rocker shaft 9, the spring I3 would wind up on drum I2. Fig. 13 shows 'the position of the gear housing I4 after about one-fourth of a. revolution of drum 6.

Considering Fig. 18 from a front view of the mechanism, it will be seen that when the gear I5 turns in a counterclockwise direction, it will' drive theintermediate gear 22 clockwise, the pinion 2| 'counter-clockwise, and would try to rotate the gear I6 in a clockwise directiombut the gear I6 cannot rotate any further in this direction as the dooris closed and the cam arm I8 is in the position shown in Fig. 16. As the gear I6 cannot turn, but only tends to close the door tighter, the onlyr alternative is for the pinion 2I to rack itself around the gear I6 in a direction opposite to that in' which it tried to rotate gear I6; in other words, it would cause the gear housing I4 to rotate on Vits axis (shaft 9) in a counterclockwise direction. By the time the stud on the drum 6 had reached the opposite side of its travel around the center of the shaft 3, the gear housing I4'wou1d have reached the position shown in Fig. 16. During this motion the cable 24 had been winding up on drum 20 as well as being drawn further around sheave I'I, see Fig. 16, and the ratio of the several parts involved has been so calculated as to provide the proper amount of travel in cable 24 to unlock the lock. This completes the unlocking cycle. Up to the time that the stud on the drum 6 had reached, but not passed, dead center, the torque on gear I6 had been clockwise, but the moment that the stud on drum 6 passes dead center, the spring I3 and the strain on cable 24 Will be freed of the power applied to them through the connecting rod 1, and this power stored m the spring ls and the came 24, is immediately available, without retardation from' drum 6,. for driving the gear I5 in an opposite direction. The drum 6 oiers no opposition other than frictlon,

gagnes for` the pawl 5 can override ratchet 4 as the drum 6 followstheconnecting rod I and the bell crank 8 back to normal. lAs the torque on the gear I5 is now of opposite value, .then it must follow that the entire actionof the gear housing assembly will be opposite. Butthe'notch" 4I on the plate 35 has blocked the gear housing I4 from returning tonormal and so, by differential action, the only alternativeis to drive the gear I6 in -an opposite direction to that ofthe torque placed on it before. This beingA counter-clockwise in direction, it will be seen by referring to Figs. Y18 and V16; that the cam arm I8 will-be urgedto swing its lower end to the right, opening the door. The motor is stopped at the proper time by the limitswitch. During the outward swing of the door, the drum 20 had been paying out cable and the bell crank 8. had been returning to normal, and by the time that the door had completedits opening movement, the lock bolt, or'the lock actuating device, was back to its normal position and the bell crank 8 had reached the position shown in Fig. 18, which is as far as the connecting rod 'I and the drum 6 will allow it to turn, thus removing the remaining energy of the spring I3 from the gear I5, and transferring this energy to the connecting rod 1, and serving to hold the drum 6 and the bell crank 8 in the position shown in Figs. 18 and 19, during the other movements of the mechanism. This completes the door opening cycle.

. The door may now be pushed shut manually, o it may be closed mechanically. Whenwe cause the shaft 3 to rotate in an opposite direction from that of the unlocking cycle, the ratchet 51 will engage the pawl 55 and turn cam 55 in a clockwise direction. The roller58 had landed against the cam at 61 when the door opened. Referring to Fig. 16 it will be seen that a clockwise rotation of the cam 55 will through the roller 58, swing the cam arm I3 which begins to move to the left, the trigger 64 will by toggle action against the plate 36, release the gear housing I4 so that it may move back with the cam arm I8. This movement of the gear housing I4 is not of course directly proportional to the movement of the cam .arm I8, but is as the ratio of the gears I5 and I6. By the time that the cam arm I 8 reaches the position shown in Figs. 13 and 16, which means that the door is completely closed, the gear housing I4 will have moved to its normal position in which it was before the unlocking cycle, and would be at a point somewhat higher than that shown by 'the dotted outline in Fig. 13, for as explained before, the position in Fig. 13 is after about a quarter of a turn of the drum 6. The ratio of the gears I5vand I5, the size of the drum 2U, the size of the sheave I'I and the size and disposition of the several sheaves mounted on the coupling to the door, have also been so calculated and designed that where the movement of one part will slack off the cable 24, compensation is provided by a proportional movement of another part, so as to maintain the cable 24 taut in all positions of the door. The motor is stopped at the proper time by the limit switch. The completes the closing cycle.

We claim:

l. A door operating apparatus comprising a movable bolt mounted upon the door, a part adjacent to the door with which said bolt interlocks, a bolt moving mechanism for moving said bolt, a door moving mechanism for moving the door, a power device far actuating said bolt moving mechanism and door moving mechanism, means forming a part Vof the connection between theJ power device and said connections, for irst actuating the bolt moving mechanism before the pressure of the door moving mechanism has been applied to said bolt and after the bolt has been moved to unlocking position for then actuating the door moving mechanism to open the door, means brought into action for said power device ior storing up energy during the unlocking movement of the bolt, an apparatus for transferring said stored up energy to the door to apply opening pressure on it and means for delaying the transfer of said stored up energy to said door until the bolt has been moved to its unlocking position.

2. A door operating apparatus comprising a movable bolt, a part connected with the door with which said bolt interlocks, a bolt moving mechanism for moving said bolt, a power device for actuating said bolt moving mechanism, means brought into action by said power device for storing up energy during the unlocking movement of the bolt and apparatus for transferring said stored up energy to the door to apply an opening pressure on it, and positively acting means for delaying the transfer of said stored up energy to said door until the bolt has been moved to its unlocking position.

3. A device of the kind described, comprising a door, a lock having a movable bolt, mounted on said door, a part with which said bolt interlocks, a bolt moving mechanism for moving said bolt, a door moving mechanism for moving said door, two separate means for starting said bolt moving mechanism and door moving mechanism, one on the interior of the device with which the door is used, and the other accessible from the exterior of said device with which the door is used, and means for applying a closing pressure to the door during the unlocking cycle, to relieve the bolt of friction due to pressure on the door.

KNUT G. ETSEL. J OHN CHRISTENSEN.