US2314575A - Antidetonant - Google Patents

Description

Patented Mar. 23, 1943 AN TIDETONAN T Albert B. Doran, Brentwood Heights, CaliL, as-

signor, by direct and mesne assignments, to Dorex, Inc., Reno, Nev., a corporation of Nevada UNITED No Drawing. Application April 12. 1939,

Serial No. 267,452

8 Claims.

This invention relates to antl-detonants, and more particularly to anti-detonants adapted to suppress detonation in internal combustion engines.

Various metallo-organic compounds having anti-detonant properties, such as tetra-ethyl lead, have been proposed for addition to fuel for internal combustion engines to suppress fuel knock and/or to permit operation of the engine at higher and more efficient compression ratios. The efiicacy of such anti-detonants is susceptible of precise measurement by methods well known in the art and maybe expressed as the increase in knock rating obtained by adding a given quantity of metal in the form of metal compounds to the fuel.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved class of anti-detonants exhibiting high anti-knock properties and adapted to very substantially increase the knock rating of fuel to which they may be added.

I It is a further object of the present invention to provide improved fuel comprising such antidetonant.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a class of metallo-organic compounds characterized by the improved effectiveness as anti-detonants'of the metal as contained in such compounds.

I have found that particularly advantageous anti-detonant properties are displayed by metallic salts of unsaturated carboxylic acids, prefer- .The more soluble salts may be directly dissolved in the gasoline or other fuel while compounds of more limited solubility may be dispersed in the fuel. The fuels thus treated may be employed in the conventional type carburetor in which the salts are atomized and dispersed in the air along with the less volatile portions of the fuel or the anti-knock compound, preferably admixed with fuel, may be injected into the intake manifold or into the combustion chamber of the engine.

Among the advantages accruing to the use of (CH2=CHCOOH) or propiolic acid (CHECCOOH) may be converted into metallic salts. I use salts of metals adapted to suppress detonation such as tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, antimony and bismuth. Such propiolate and acrylate salts form very 'efiective anti-detonants and constitute a preferred class of unsaturated salts. Typical compounds of this type are mercuric acrylate (CH2=CHCOO)2Hg and zinc propiolate (HCECCOO) 2Zn.

.I prefer to use acids containing less than five carbon atoms, or at least not more than this number, since I find that not only do the-higher molecular weight compounds give less anti-detonant efiect per gram of compound due to the weight of the associated acid, but also in many instances their'efliciency, based on a given weight of metal, is much less.

The salts may be prepared by various conventional methods, such as the reaction of the acid on the hydroxide 'or oxide of the metal. In some instances I find it advantageous to prepare the of a salt of an unsaturated organic acid having not more than five carbon atoms and a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, antimony, and'bismuth.

.2. A process for decreasing the detonatin characteristics of a gasoline type fuel, comprising: adding to said fuel a salt of an unsaturated organic acid having not more than five carbon atoms and ametal selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, antimony and bismuth.

3. As a fuel for internal combustion engines, a mixture comprising gasoline and a small amount of a salt of an unsaturated carboxylic acid having not more than five carbon atoms and a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, antimony, and bismuth.

4. As a fuel for internal combustion engines, a mixture comprising gasoline and a small amount of a salt of acrylic acid and a metal selected' from the group consisting of tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, antimony, and bismuth.

5. As a fuel for internal combustion engines, a

mixture comprising gasoline and a small amount of a salt of propiolic acid and a metal selected from the group consisting of tin, lead, zinc, cadmium, mercury, antimony, and bismuth.

6. As a fuel for internal combustion engines, a mixture comprising gasoline arid a small amount of mercuric acrylate.

7. As a fuel for internal combustion engines, a mixture comprising gasoline and a small amount of zinc propiolate.

8. As a fuel for internal combustion engines, a mixture comprising gasoline and a small amount of lead propiolate.

ALBERT B. DORAN.