US2311114A - Coke oven battery - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 16, 1943. H. KOPPERS COKE OVEN BATTERY 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed Feb.

Feb. 16, 1943. KOPPERS 2,311,114

COKE OVEN BATTERY Filed Feb. 29, 1940 7 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 16, 1943 2,311,114 COKE' OVEN BATTERY Heinrich Koppers, Essen, Germany, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Koppers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application February 29, 1940, Serial No. 321,445

In Germany March 6, 1939 3 Claims. (01. so e- 254) This invention relates to coke oven batteries for .the production of gas and coke and has for its principal object the constructing of coke ovens in such manner that the highest yield of valuable hydrocarbons is obtained from the distillation gases. I

It is already known that aromatic hydrocarbons are produced during the carbonization of bituminous fuels, mainly in .the form of secondary products, by the thermal conversion of aliphatic constituents primarily evolved from the bitumen of the fuel. If these aliphatic primary products are heated to temperatures of about 800 degrees Centigrade, they are converted into aromatic constituents. Since the aromatic constituents such as benzol and its homologues are of a considerably higher value than the primary aliphatic products formed during the coking'process of the bituminous fuel, it is very essential for the coking industry to secure a yield of aromatic hydrocarbons as high as possible.

With the coking processes as known heretofore the major part of aliphatic constituents is not subjected to the subsequent conversion into aromatic constituents as the temperature existing in the coking chamber decreases considerably with the filling of cold coal into the chamber, and re-attains only gradually that degree of temperature which is necessary for the conversion of the aliphatic hydrocarbons.

The present invention consists in carrying the heat treatment of aliphatic hydrocarbons of the distillation gases out in such a manner that the distillation gases are led through the gas collecting space of another hot coking chamber-in which the carbonization process has already reached a more advanced state. For this purpose the coking chamber charged with fresh coal is connected; at the end thereof lying opposite the end at which its ascension pipe isconnected to it, through a tubular by-pass main or channel, situated over the roof of the oven and lined with high-grade heat insulating bricks, with an adjacent chamber in which the carbonization has progressed to a further stage.

According to my invention, the tubular main or channel is arranged separately from the oven brickwork at the side of the battery above the roof openings of the chamber, and connected with the roof-openings of .the oven chambers by means of angular heat-protected branches which are separately removable from the main and the oven.-

A further object of my invention is to provide in the chamber roof, below the connection-of the angular branches, a movable damper which may be actuated or attended .to through-a closable opening in the chamber roof and which serves to interrupt the connection of the chamber to the by-pass channel, which latter has to be safeguarded against heat-losses, especially during the charging process.

My invention offers the possibility of passing cold distillation gases from a freshly charged oven into other hot coking chambers, without necessitating fundamental alterations in the approved design of the oven, and in particular to the oven roof.

This invention further allows for providing a gas-tight seal for sealing the gas by-pass channel from the oven chamber in a most simple manner, the angular connecting pipe inserted between the longitudinal gas channel and the oven chamber from which the gasis to be taken-01f, and the connection-opening in the chamber roof, being lined with bricks.

When adopting this invention, it is assured that the distillation gases transferred from one chamber into another one are protected against heat-losses, thus preventing the formation of any condensates. It is now possible to convert completely all the aliphatic hydrocarbons contained in the distillation gas into aromatic hydrocarbons.

With the above and other objects and features of my present invention in view, I shall now describe a preferred embodiment thereof on the lines of the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical cross section through the upper part of a coke oven battery.

Figure 2 shows on an enlarged scale the tubular channel connected with the oven chambers.

Figure 3 illustrates another mode of carrying out construction the tubular channel in accordance with the design shown in Figure 2.

The coke oven battery consists of a series of chambers I which are arranged in alternation with the heating walls, side by side in a row. Both ends of the chamber I are closed by doors 2. In the chamber roof 3 are provided the customary closable charging holes 4 through which the coal to be carbonized is filled into the oven chamber. After the coal has been charged into ,the chamber, the top of the charge is levelled so that its surface corresponds approximately to the dotted line 5. A levelling beam is suitably used for carrying out this work. The front end of the levelling beam is supported by means of a sledge instance connected in pairs or in groups with one another. Above the heating fines for the coking chamber I there are suitably provided further heating flues through which adjustable quantities of hot waste gases will pass and which are disposed opposite the gas collecting space of the oven chambers in such a way that by altering the heating of these further heating flues,

the temperature in the gas collecting space i. e.

in, the top of the coking chamber may be variably influenced.

At one end of the chamber I (right side of Fig. 1) there is provided in the chamber roof an opening 1 to wh ch is connected the ascension pipe 8.

leading to the gas collecting main 9.

At the end opposite the ascension pipe opening end I, the chamber is provided with another roof opening l0.

As may be seen from Fig. 2, a horizontal recess H is provided within the range of the chamber opening H] in the chamber roof. The recess opening I opens to the outside and may be closed by stoppers |2. A movable damper or sliding brick I3, which may be attended to through V the opening |5 leading upwardly to the top of the battery roof and closable by a lid I4, is movable within the recess The sliding brick l 3 may be moved to the left, from the position indicated for instance in Figure 2, in such a way that it fully closes the roof opening l0.

Instead of adopting the plate-like sliding brick I3, a mushroom-like brick likewise may be advantageously used which combines a greater stability with a smaller weight so that it can more easily be moved through the opening l5.

At the upper mouth of the roof opening It a groove I6 is provided in which is disposed a seal IT. The space between the roof brickwork and the seal I! is closed by suitable packing means M. The seal I! is provided with a bricklining I9 on which rests an angular pipe body 20 which can be removed. The pipe body 20 is likewise provided with a bricklining 2|.

Laterally above the roof opening In on special brackets 22 of the buckstays 23 there is arranged a pipe like channel 24 which extends over the whole length of the battery. The casing 24 is likewise provided with a bricklining 25.

The bricklinings 25., 2| and i9 consist of a refractory inner layer, a porous refractory intermediate layer which shows an extremely bad heat conductivity, and an outer insulation made of kieselguhr or another suitable heat insulating material.

The bricklinings 25, 2| and. I9 are carried out in such a way that the temperature of the distillation gases which discharge through the roof opening l0 remains practically unaltered, at least it does not drop below the point at which the solid bodies are separated from the gas in the form of hard crusts.

The gas therefore maintains substantially its temperature on its way through the roof opening I0 into the connecting channel 25. Under certain conditions it may moveover be advisable to surround the outside of the sheet casing 24, and II with a heat insulating material for instance with an insulation of glass wool.

As shown in Fig. 2 the bricklining 2| forms in the interior an angular channel 2'! which is connected to a lateral branch 28 of the continuous channel 255.

The operation of the apparatus according to the present invention is substantially as follows:

Before emptying the coking chamber connected with the opening Hi, the slide valve I3 is closed so that the chamber I may be opened without allowing the gas to flow from the gas channel 26 into the opened coking chamber. The shut-off valve 29 for the ascension pipe 8 is preferably closed. at the same time.

After the coke is discharged in the ordinary way from the chamber the chamber doors 2 are again inserted and fresh coal is filled into the chamber through the roof opening 4. As soon as the levelling procedure is completed, the charging holes 4 are closed and the slide valve I3 of the connecting channel H3 is opened. The shut-off valve 29 remains closed. The distillation gases escaping at the beginning of the coking process are, therefore, forced to flow essentially through the roof opening l0 into the connecting channel 26 from where it may be discharged through one of the next branches into another chamber in which the coking process is more advanced. This path of the distillation gases is maintained as long as hydrocarbons still escape from the chamber charge which could not be raised to the temperature necessary forv the formation of aromatics.

As soon as the formation of aromatics in the chamber filled with fresh coal becomes stronger, the ascension pipe 8 is opened and the angular pipe 21 is closed so that the distillation gases may discharge directly into the collecting main 9.

In the further course of the coking process, this oven chamber serves to reheat the distillation gases from an'adjacent chamber, which has been charged afterwards, to the temperature most favourable for the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The oven chamber maintains this function until the coke contained therein is carbonized.

As indicated in Figure 2, the angular connection 20 is fixed removably to the branch of the channel casing 24. The casing 23 is connected with the casing 24 by way of hasp screws 30 so that it is firmly held in its position. Packings 3| close the connecting joint between the bricklining 25 and the bricklining 2|. For sealing the casing 2| against the seal casing H, a suitable packing means 32 is adopted.

Closable openings 33, 34 are provided for access to the channel 21 of the casing 20. Said openings lie in the direction of the two legs of the angular channels 21, 28 which serve for the removal of any depositsfrom the channel 21-, 2B.

In order to shut the gas by-pass 25 entirely off from the roof opening H) i. e. for carrying out repairs in the coking chamber or for a complete cleaning of the angular connection and of the channel 26, the casing 20 after loosening the nuts 30 may be lifted without difficulty whereupon the portion of the connecting channel 28 integral with channel 26 and the roof openings Ii are closed by bricks in a suitable way. The outside of the casing 20 is provided with suitable hooks or the like into which may engage the lifting means.

In Fig. 3, illustrating another mode of embodying the present invention, the damper serving to form a seal between the'oven chamber and the connecting channel is installed so as to be well visible and accessible, as by having the damper l3 disposed to cover the top of the vertical leg 21 of the angular branch lined with bricks. The shut-off damper is preferably arranged at the upper end of the vertical leg 21 of the angular branch and slidable in the direction of the horizontal leg 28. This latter arrangement offers the still further advantage that a cleaning opening lying in the direction of the horizontal leg 28 of the branch may be omitted and the service opening for the damper l3 used therefor instead so that a special cleaning opening is rendered unnecessary. A damper l3 as thus disposed in the horizontal leg can easily be attended to from the oven roof and as the closure for the service opening is in contact with the gas-tight sheet plate jacket of the brick-lined branch and with the channel connected therewith, said damper arrangement offers opportunity for a good sealing of the service opening. The gas-tight sealing of the service opening for the damper I3 is. advantageously attained by a hinged drop door which, by the means of an eccentric, is pressed gas-tightly against a projecting sealing face on aperture forming connecting piece which is joined to the sheet plate jacket.

For this purpose the like damper l 3 may be attended to through a service opening 34 lying in the direction of the damper and of the horizontal leg 28. The opening 34 is fitted with a metallic connecting piece 40 the outer end of which has a plane sealing face 4|. Outside the connectin piece 4!] there is provided a flap 43 swingable in link 42. The, flap 43 has a sealing edge extending around same which in closed position fits tight against the sealing face 4| on the connecting piece 40. The flap 43 is closed by an eccentric lever 44. The connecting piece 40 is connected gas-tight with the jacket 20 of the angular branch for the gas conducting channel.

Uppermost in the bricklining, extending in the direction of the vertical leg 21, is disposed the cleaning opening 33 which is closed by a stopper 39. The Vertical channel 21 may be cleaned through this opening 33 and the horizontal channel 23 may be cleaned and freed from any incrustations through the opening 34 which serves to attend to the damper 58.

The novel features of the invention of Fig. 3 can also be carried out in such a manner that in addition. to the damper l3 disposed at the upper end of the vertical leg 2'! of the connection 20, another damper i3 is also provided in the oven roof in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 2. Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 3. The upper of the two dampers l3 shut oil the main 26 from the roof gas outlet opening 80, and the lower may be used to prevent the escape of distillation gases from the oven chamber in case the angular connection 20 has to be removed, by the closin of the damper l3 shown in the oven roof as in Fig. 2.

I have now above described my present invention on the lines of a preferred embodiment thereof, but my invention is not limited in all its aspects to the mode of carrying it out as described and shown, since the invention may be variously embodied within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. A masonry battery comprising a series of horizontal coking chambers and heating walls ar ranged side-by-side in a row, a collecting main longitudinally of the battery at one end of the chambers with ascension pipes thereto from the chambers, gas outlet openings in the battery roof at the opposite ends of the coking chamber, a bypass gas offtake main separate from the oven brickwork at the side of the battery above the latter roof gas outlet openings, and ascension conduits for connecting the latter roof gas outlet openings of the chambers with the by-pass main, said by-pass main and its ascension conduits comprising conduits innerlined with a lining of insulating refractory masonry consisting of a refractory inner layer, a porous refractory intermediate layer of extremely poor heat conductivity, and an outer insulation of heat insulation material, said ascension conduits being constituted of a body separately removable from the by-pass main and the oven roof as an integral masonry unit having an interior gas passage comprising a vertical leg forming a continuation of the gas outlet in the oven roof and a lateral leg forming a part of a lateral passage to the by-pass main, said by-pass main having a lateral branch conforming to the lateral leg of the removable body and lined as aforesaid, and means for detachably fitting the removable body in place with the lining of its lateral leg in gas tight alignment with the lining of the lateral branch of the by-pass main and the lining of the vertical leg in gas tight alignment with th roof gas outlet opening masonry in the oven roof, and in which a horizontal recess is provided in the oven roof below the removable body extending inwardly from the outer side of the oven battery beyond the gas outlet, a movable damper in said recess for closing off the roof gas outlet opening from the removable ascension conduit body, and an access passage lea-ding upwardly to the top of the oven roof for access to the damper in said recess.

2. A masonry battery comprising a series of horizontal coking chambers and heating walls arranged side-by-side in a row, a collecting main longitudinally of the battery at one end of the chambers with ascension pipes thereto from the chambers, gas outlet openings in the battery roof at the opposite ends of the coking chamber, a bypass gas ofitake main separate from the oven brickwork at the side of the battery above the latter roof gas outlet openings, and ascension conduits for connecting the latter roof gas outlet openings of the chambers with the by-pass' main, said by-pass main and its ascension conduits comprising conduits innerlined with a lining of insulating refractory masonry consisting of a refractory inner layer, a porous refractory intermediate layer of extremely poor heat conductivity, and an outer insulation of heat insulation material, said ascension conduits being constituted of a body separately removabl from the by-pass main and the oven roof as an integral masonry unit having an interior gas passage comprising a vertical leg forming a continuation of the gas outlet in the oven roof and a lateral leg forming a part of a lateral passage to the by-pass main, said by-pass main having a lateral branch conforming to the lateral leg of the removable body and lined as aforesaid, and means for detachably fitting the removable body in place with the lining of its lateral leg in gas tight alignment with the lining of the lateral branch of the by-pass main and the lining of the vertical leg in gas tight aligmnent with the roof gas outlet opening masonry in the oven roof, and in which a. shutofi damper is provided in the plane of the lateral leg of the gas passage in the separately removable body for shutting off the vertical leg of said passage, and in which an access passage is provided in the separately removable body in the plane of the lateral leg for access to the damper therein.

3. A masonry battery comprising a series of horizontal coking chambers and heating walls arranged side-by-si-de in a row, a collecting main longitudinally of the battery at one end of the chambers with ascension pipes thereto from the chambers, gas outlet openings in the battery roof at the opposite ends of the cokin chamber, a by-pass gas ofltake main separate from the oven brickwork at the side of the battery above the latter roof gas outlet openings, and ascension conduits for connecting the latter roof gas outlet openings of the chambers with the by-pass main, said by-pass main and its ascension conduits comprising conduits innerlined with a lining of insulating refractory masonry consisting of a refrac tory inner layer, a porous refractory intermediate layer of extremely poor heat conductivity, and an outer insulation of heat insulation material, said ascension conduits being constituted of a body separately removable from the by-pass main and the oven roof as an integral masonry unit having an interior gas passage comprising a vertical leg forming a continuation of the gas outlet in the oven roof and a lateral leg forming a part of a lateral passage to the by-pass main, said by-pass main having a lateral branch conforming to the lateral leg of the removable body and lined as aforesaid, and means for detachably fitting the removable body in place with the lining of its lateral leg in gas tight alignment with the lining of the lateral branch of the by-pass main and the lining of the vertical leg in gas tight alignment with the roof gas outlet opening masonry in the oven roof, and in which a horizontal recess is provided in the oven roof below the removable body extending inwardly from the outer side of the oven battery beyond the gas outlet, a movable damper in said recess for closing ofi the roof gas outlet opening from the removable ascension conduit body, and an access passage leading upwardly to the top of the oven roof for access to the damper in said recess, and in which a shutoff damper is also provided in the plane of the lateral leg of the gas passage in the separately removable body for shutting oil the vertical leg of said passage, and in which an access passage is provided in the separately removable body in the plant of the lateral leg for access to the damper therein.

HEINRICH KO-PPERS.

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