US2228130A - Horizontal chamber or retort oven - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 7, 1941. p VAN ACKEREN 2,228,130

HORIZONTAL CHAMBER OR HETORT OVEN Filed arch 18, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet l P. VAN ACKEREN 2,228,130

HORIZONTAL CHAMBER 0R RETORT OVEN Filed March 18, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 5 n w l x 7 M/ OZ AGO A 00 7,, M/l /H,// V/ Jan. 7, 1941.

Jan. 7, 1941. VAN CKEREN 2,228,130

HORIZONTAL CHAMBER 0R RETOR'IHOVEN Filed March 18, 1938 3 Shoets-Sheet 3 i/W1 Wadi/04, g

Patented Jan. 7, 1941 UNITED STATES HORIZONTAL CHAMBER OR. RETORT OVEN Paul van Ackeren, Essen, Germany, asslgnor,

mesne assignments, to Koppers Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., a corporation of Delaware Application March 18, 1938, Serial No. 196,657

In Germany March 20, 1937 2 Claims.

retort ovens for the production of gas and coke and more particularly to those coke ovens in which the coking chambers are essentially horizontal coking chambers or coking retorts having regenerators arranged underneath the coking chambers or retorts for the preheating of the combustion air and, if necessary, also for the preheating of the lean heating gas, and in which the rich heating as to be used for heating purposes, for instance coal distilling gas, cracking gas, natural gas or the like, is led through vertical pipes coming from gas distributing mains which are arranged in accessible rooms underhealth the regenerators, said pipes communicating with the heating flues provided in the walls of the coking chambers or retorts.

Coke ovens of the above characterized design or construction are often called Underjet coke ovens which expression will likewise be used by me in the following description in connection with which coke ovens my present invention is prefera'bly directed.

It is necessary to provide underjet coke ovens with regulating means, arranged in the gas pipes leading to the heating flues or groups of heating flues, by means-of which the quantity of gas flowing to the individual heating fines, or groups of heating lines, may be varied or adjusted to a certain degree. This is for instance useful in order to equalize the drop in temperature from the centre of the oven battery towards the outer sides which drop in temperature results from the greater heat transfer at the outer faces of the oven, since the coal or the like charged into a coking chamber will carbonize insufllciently near the ends of the chamber or retort when a suitable corresponding regulation of the heat developed in each individual flue has not been effecte'd.

Coke oven gas and other gases which are used for preheating underjet coke ovens are often rather dirty. Tarry constituents and certain other matters contained in such gases, which tend to form gum-like deposits, easily accumulate in the gas mains. Due to such deposits, the free crosssection of the regulating means arranged in the gas mains of undei jet coke ovens may, under certain conditions, be altered to such an extent that the gas distribution and thus the uniformity of the heating are considerably aflected. It is, therefore, necessary to subject the said regulating devices of underjet coke ovens to a frequent cleaning.

Now, the main object of my present invention is to provide such improvements in the gas regulating devices for underjet coke ovens that, on the one hand, these regulating means allow an easy and exact adjustment and, on the other (Cl. 202-151) The present invention relates to chamber or hand, a perfect cleaning which may be carried out in a most simple manner.

. The present invention principally consists in branching the gas connecting lines leading to the various heating lines from the gas distributing main arranged underneath the regenerators in the accessible foundation walks, substantially rectangulaniy at a certain point and fitting an exchangeable nozzle into the connecting line at said point, said nozzle being removable through a closable opening in the side of the connecting line and being arranged inside the pipe line in such a manner that the gas is compelled to flow through the nozzle.

,According to my present invention, there is arranged preferably a cross-shaped pipe fitting or casing in the said'connecting line. This fitting is provided with four openings of which, for example, two adjoining openings are closed up by removable plugs, whilst pipe pieces leading to the heating flues and to the gas distributing main, respectively, are connected to the other two openings.

A pipe-piece provided with a port in a conical end and provided with an opening in the side is used advantageously, according to my present invention, as a nozzle. After inserting the nozzle pipe piece into the cross-shaped flttingor casing, the side opening lies in the direction 'of one pipe connection, whereas the nozzle opening in the conical end terminates in the other pipe connection.

Another feature of my invention is the pro vision of precautions whereby to prevent formation of deposits of carbon and other solid constituents from the gases in the pipe lines leading to the heating dues or to remove those precipitations, if any.

The connecting lines leading from the gas d-istributing headers to the individual heating fiues are heated to quite a high degree of temperature on account of the heat transfer irom the regenerator brlckwork.' If a gas rich in hydrocarbons, for instance coal distillation gas, is passed through the hot pipes, hydrocarbons will decompose with the formation of elementary carbon which precipitates easily in the form of carbon black or graphite on the walls of the pipes. In this way the pipes may be blocked-up after a comparatively short working period. In order to eliminate such dangerous deposits and accumulations, it is usual to introduce air into the pipe during such an operating period in which no heating gas flows through the pipe line. The air burns-off the deposits of carbon by which, however, the pipe body itself may be heated-up considerably. Whilst the carbon deposits are removed in this manner, the considerable heating-up of the pipe body which, however, results therefrom, easily causes an increased decomposition of the heating gas during the following operating period.

My invention also provides means whereby a small amount of air is continuously introduced into the connecting pipe between the gas: distributing main and the heating flues, i. e. during both the operating period when the heating gas flows through the pipe line and also during that working period when the delivery of heating gas is stopped.

By means of such a continuous admission of air, it is possible to prevent completely the undesired deposits in the connecting main in practical operation. To give an explanation of this effect, I may say that the air added to the gas causes a certain partial oxidation of the heavy hydrocarbons whereby lighter hydrocarbons are formed which are still stable at the temperatures under consideration. The effect may perhaps be similar to that met with in a so-called lBunsen-burner.

For carrying out this feature of my present invention, I provide an adjustable opening in the connecting main through which the desired quantity of air may be sucked into the connecting main. Preferably, this opening is arranged in the vertical pipe body which is in direct contact with the vertical brickwork-channel leading to the heating flue.

Many other essential objects and features of my present invention are described in the following description of a preferred embodiment and may be apparent therefrom and from the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 shows a vertical section through a horizontal chamber oven battery for the production of gas and coke built according to the present invention.

Figure 2 is a vertical section through a part through the regulating device for combustion gas,

built according to the present invention and Figure 5 finally shows a vertical section through the nozzle on line V--V of Figure 4.

The chamber that is to be charged with coal to be carbonized has been marked I in Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings. The chamber I is formed by refractory brickwork. Vertical heating flues 2, 3 are arranged in the side walls of the chamber I. The heating fines 2, 3 are connected in pairs at the upper end by means of the openings 4.

The coking chambers I are provided with openings at the side which are closed-up by doors 5. The roof of the chamber is fitted with closable openings 6 through which the coal to be carbonized is charged into the chamber. The ascension pipe 8 is combined with the top opening I and the gases or vapours formed in the coking chamber may thus escape into the hydraulic main 9. The regenerators I0, II are arranged underneath the coking chamber I. The brickwork of the oven chambers and regenerators rests upon the supports I2 in such a manner that accessible rooms I3 are formed underneath the oven building.

Horizontal channels I4, I5 are arranged between the regenerators and the chamber walls provided with heating flues. The channels I4, l5 are placed on the same level. The channel I5 is connected with the regenerator IIi (see Figure '1) and the channel II is connected with the regenerator II Vertical channels from the regenerators l0. II and from the horizontal channels H, II lead to the heating flues.

Channels I6 combine the regenerator II with the heating flues 3. Similarly. also the horizontal channel I4 is connected with the heating flues 3 on the other side of the oven by means of the channels II.

The regenerator I is connected with the heat. ing flues 2 through the channels I8. The horizontal channel I is connected with the above lying heating flue 2 through the channels I9.

The combustion air which for instance is pre heated in regenerator I0 (see Figure 1) is distributed through the channels I8 to the heating flues 2 situated above the regenerator I0 and through the channels I5 and ducts I9 to the heating flues 2 lying in the other halt of the oven. The air together with the gas introduced is burned in the heating flues 2. The hot waste gases flow upwards and enter the heating flues 3 through the opening 4. From the heating flues 3 situated in the right half of the oven, the waste gases flow through the channels I'I into the horizontal channel I and then enter the regenerator II. The heating flues 3 situated inthe right half of the oven, that is those heating flues 3 which practically are placed immediately above the regenerator I I, are connected with the regenerator II by means of the channels I6. 'The waste gases from all the heating flues 3 of one chamber wall therefore flow into the regenerator I I, where they transfer their useful heat to the refractory chequerwork.

As soon as the refractory chequerwork in the regenerator ID has been cooled-down, the direction of heating is reversed. Air is then introduced into the regenerators II, and the waste gases are led through the regenerators I0. When reversing the direction of heating, the supplyof combustion gas likewise is changed-over. The supply of combustion gas to the heating flues 3 is therefore interrupted during delivery of the combustion gas to the heating flues 2.

As may be seen from Figure 2, a regenerator I0 and also a regenerator II in line therewith is arranged underneath each of the coking chambers I, as well as one horizontal channel I4 and one horizontal channel I5. The regenerators III are connected with the heating flues in the two adjacent chamber heating walls by means of the channels I8. Analogously. the regenerators II and the horizontal channels ll, I5 are connected with the heating flues in two chamber heating walls each. Two channels IE, or I1, or II or I9 terminate in every heating flue. This arrangement makes it possible that the coking ovens may also be heated with generator gas or another lean gas which gas must, however, be preheated in order to obtain the desired high temperatures for the coking process.

Collecting sole channels 2|, 2| have been provided at the bottom of the regenerators III, II. The regenerator flow reversal boxes 22, 23 are connected with'these channels 20, 2|. The boxes are in contact with the waste- gas channels 28, 29 by means of the branches 24, 25 which are governed by the valves 28, 21. The boxes are also fitted with air flaps 30, 3|.

By operating the valves 26, 21 and the air flaps 30, 3| in a suitable manner, the direction of flow of the heating gas may be determined.

In case the oven battery is to be .heated by lean gas, the boxes of half of the regenerators have to be connected with a suitable gas line, which has, however, not been shown on the drawings.

For the introduction of rich gas, for instance coal distillation gas, into the heating flues 2, 3, the walls 32 between the regenerators are provided with vertical channels 33. The channels 33 terminate in the foundation rooms l3. Figure 3 shows that the channels 33 are fitted with pipes 34, the lower end 01 which extend into the foundation'rooms l3. The pipes 34 are connected by means oi! couplings 35 with the pipe 36 to which is aiilxed a branching-piece 31. The branchingpiece 31 has at its bottom an opening which is closed by a cap 36. A small hole 33 is to be found in this cap 38. To the lateral branch 40 of the branching piece 31 is connected the pipe body 4| which leads to a cross-shaped casing 42, the detailed design 01 which may be seen from Figure 4.

Inside the cross-shaped fitting or casing 42 is an exchangeable nozzle piece 43 which has at one side a conical end 44 in which is arranged the nozzle opening 45 of a definite cross-section. The end 01 the pipe 4| projects into the interior of the casing 42 and forms a seat 46 against which rests, in a gas-tight manner, the conical end 44 of the nozzle piece 43.

A closing stopper 41 which at the same time serves to press the nozzle piece 43 against the rim 46 of the pipe 4| is inserted into an opening of the casing 42 opposite the pipe 4|.

The casing 42, in a plane perpendicular to the connecting openings for the pipe 4| and the stopper 41, has two further openings. A stopper 43 equipped on its under-side with a nose 43 is inserted into one of these openings. The nose 49 engages a groove 50 which is provided for this purpose on the nozzle piece 43 (see Figure 5). By this means, the nomle piece 43 is prevented from being rotated when the stopper 41 is screwed-in.

The connecting branch 5| a plug cock 52 is screwed-into the opening lying opposite the stopper 46'. In the direction of the branch 6|, the nozzle piece 43 is fitted with an opening 53.

It the gas flows through the branch 6|, the medium may also pass through the opening 63 into the interior of the nozzle piece 43, thence through the nozzle opening 45 into the Pipe line 4|, irom where the gas flows through the connectlng piece 31 and the pipes 36, 34 into the vertical brickwork-channels 33.

Should it happen that the nozzle opening 45 is blocked-up, the nozzle piece 43 can easily be removed from the casing 42. For this purpose, only the stopper 41 has to be taken out, whereupon the nozzle piece 43 may be withdrawn by means of a hook inserted in the recess 64. If necessary, also a stopper 65 fitted on the axis of the pipe 4| in the connecting piece 31 may be loosened in order to push-out the nozzle Piece 43.

It is advisable to provide the outer side 66 or the nozzle piece 43 with marks indicating the size of the nozzle opening 45, sothat nozzles with difierent areas of openings 46 may be readily distinguished trom one another, and the size of the opening 46 already in place may be determined without removing the piece 43 in order to ascertain the same.

The stop-cock 62 is connected with a gas distributing line 61 which as may be seen from F18- ure 1, extends over the whole length of the oven.

Figure 1 also shows that the vertical gas pipes 34 leading to the heating ilues 3 and heating lines 2 are coupled with two different gas distributing mains 51. Thereby it is possible to provide special stop-cocks 53 between the distributing mains 51 and the main gas line 58 for each distributing main. It is, however, also possible to arrange to supply all the heating gas from one single distributing main 51 underneath each oven or each second or third oven.

The stop-plug of the cooks 52 is connected with an adjusting lever 60. The adjusting lever 60 for the stop cocks belonging to the heating fiues 2 are connected with one another by a pulling device 62 and the adjusting levers for the stop-cocks belonging to the heating flues 3 are connected with one another by a pulling device 6|. The pulling devices 6| of an oven battery are suitably operated together in common unison and in a similar manner also the pulling devices 62.

By a suitable manipulation of the pulling devices SI, 62 all the cooks belonging to the heating flues 3 may for instance be opened and all the cocks belonging to the heating flues 2 may be closed. This occurs in such a case when the combustion gas has to be delivered to the heating flues 3, whilst the waste gases are to leave the heating flues 2. The pulling devicesjl, 62 are to be operated reversely when the direction of heating is to be changed-over.

Instead of inserting the cocks like 52, threeway cocks may be provided which are equipped in such a way that after stopping the gas supply, air is allowed to enter the branch from there it goes into the nozzle piece 43, the pipe 4| and into the other parts of the gas delivery system in order to bum-01f the carbon deposits. In this instance, the opening 39 provided in the closing cap 33 may be omitted. If the closing cap 33 is also unscrewed, the vertical pipes 36, 34 may easily be cleaned by making use of brushes or other suitable means.

The above description indicates clearly that all parts of the gas delivery system are accessible so that any undesired deposits or precipitations in the pipe lines may be done away with very easily without any difficulty.

I have now described in the above the present invention on the lines of a preferred embodiment thereof but my invention is not limited in all its aspects to the mode of carrying it out as described and shown, since the invention may be variously embodied within the scope of the following claims.

I claim:

1. In a rich-gas feed-means for the heating hues of coke ovens of the underjet type, a gas main, a riser pipe for leading gas to the heating flue, valve-controlled means for controlling the flow from the main to the riser pipe, and an apertured member between the main and the riser pipe for introducing a definite quantity of air into the gas in the riser pipe during flow of gas thereto from the valve means, said aperture being very small in comparison to the area of 6 the riser pipe, and being designed for being normally open for continuous infiltration of air during both feed of fuel gas by, as well as during gas shut-oil? periods of idleness of, the riser pipe.

2. Feed means as claimed in claim 1 and in which the apertured member comprises a perforated removable cap for the lower end of the riser pipe.

PAUL vm ACKEREN.

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