US2310315A - Sodium sulphate flotation - Google Patents
Sodium sulphate flotation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2310315A US2310315A US360116A US36011640A US2310315A US 2310315 A US2310315 A US 2310315A US 360116 A US360116 A US 360116A US 36011640 A US36011640 A US 36011640A US 2310315 A US2310315 A US 2310315A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- flotation
- sodium sulphate
- crystals
- sodium chloride
- sodium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title description 26
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 title description 13
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 title description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 26
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (E)-8-Octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCC(O)=O WRIDQFICGBMAFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000005642 Oleic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009291 froth flotation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012452 mother liquor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- -1 fatty acid ester Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical compound [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009496 Juglans regia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007049 Juglans regia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XIUMQSREFXCDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L S(=O)(=O)([O-])O.[Na+].[Cl-].[Na+] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])O.[Na+].[Cl-].[Na+] XIUMQSREFXCDGE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940013317 fish oils Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020234 walnut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; Specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
Definitions
- This invention relates to the separation of crystalline sodium sulphate from crystalline sodium chloride by flotation. Intimate, substantially homogeneous mixtures of these crystalline materials in varying proportions can occur as a result of various operations. Attempts to remove the sodium sulphate from the sodium chloride crystals by fractional crystallization, for example, are relatively diificult and expensive.
- the bowl of a Fagergren laboratcry flotation cell was filled with 2500 cc. of a mother liquor carrying about 600 grams of a crystalline mixture of the two salts.
- the crystals were first placed in the cell and the cell was then filled with a brine made up by dissolving some of the mixture in distilled water to saturation.
- the flotation machine rotor was started with the air passage closed and was permitted to run for three minutes. A suitable non-metallic mineral flotation agent and a suitable frother as pine oil were then added and the cell contents conditioned with continued agitation. Thereafter the air cock was opened slightly and the froth taken off. This procedure resulted in a reduction of the sulphate content from 4.6% to 0.37%, a reduction of 92% in the sulphate content of the crystalline sodium chloride. The accompanying loss of sodium chloride was only 0.9%.
- the sodium chloride-sodium sulphate ratio is not critical and the separation is eflective even though the ratio of the two crystal materials varies over a wide range.
- the mother liquor can contain materials other than sodium sulphate and sodium chloride; for example, in one operation it contained about 1% sodium hydroxide, about 0.5% sodium carbonate and about 0.045 pound of lime per ton.
- the presence of these other materials in the mother liquor does not interfere with the flotation operation.
- a temperature of about 23 C.- room temperature- was maintained during the flotation operation although this is not critical.
- oleic acid has been employed preferably as the flotation agent, it is, of course, to be understood that the flotation operation can be conducted with any other suitable flotation agent such as stearic acid, palmitic acid or other fatty acids and with source materials for such fatty acids as fish oils and the like.
- the presence of a small amount of an ion of an element having a substantially water insoluble sulphate and a soluble chloride appears to have a very beneficial effect in conditioning the salt mixture for flotation, particularly in reducing the amount of sodium chloride removed with the sodium sulphate.
- the sodium chloride loss was decreased from 21.2% to 4%, although the sodium sulphate removal was decreased from to 83%.
- the fatty acid should not be present in excess of that required stoichiometrically to form the fatty acid soap of the element.
- elements are calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and ferric iron; the element employed can be present in the brine as a constituent thereof or else added to the brine or to the mixture in the form of a suitable compound.
- the element should be available apparently in ionic form to condition the mixture for flotation.
- a process for separating sodium chloride crystals from sodium sulphate crystals which comprises subjecting a pulp of said crystals in an alkaline brine containing sodium hydroxide to a froth flotation process employing an agent selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid soap and a fatty acid ester and a material supplying an ion selected from the groups consisting of calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and iron in the ferric state to float off selectively the sodium sulphate crystals from the sodium chloride crystals.
- a process for separating sodium chloride crystals from sodium sulphate crystals which comprises subjecting a pulp of said crystals in a saturated brine to a froth flotation operation in the presence of a material selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid soap and a fatty acid ester and a material supplying an ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and iron in the ferric state.
- a process for separating a mixture of sodium sulphate crystals from sodium chloride crystals comprising subjecting a pulp of said mixture in its saturated brine to a froth flotation operation in the presence of oleic acid and a material supplying an ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and iron in the ferric state.
- a process for separating a mixture of sodium sulphate crystals from sodium chloride crystals comprising subjecting a pulp of said mixture in its saturated brine to a froth flotation operation in the presence of about 0.1 pound of oleic acid per ton of mixture and a material selected from
Landscapes
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 9, 1943 SODIUM SULPHATE FLOTATION David J. lPye, Walnut Creek, Califl, assignor to The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich, a
corporation of Michigan No Drawing. Application ()ctobcr 7, 1940, Serial No. 360,116
Claims.
This invention relates to the separation of crystalline sodium sulphate from crystalline sodium chloride by flotation. Intimate, substantially homogeneous mixtures of these crystalline materials in varying proportions can occur as a result of various operations. Attempts to remove the sodium sulphate from the sodium chloride crystals by fractional crystallization, for example, are relatively diificult and expensive.
I have found that sodium sulphate can be successfully separated from sodium chloride by a simple and inexpensive froth flotation operation.
In carrying on a separation according to the present invention the bowl of a Fagergren laboratcry flotation cell was filled with 2500 cc. of a mother liquor carrying about 600 grams of a crystalline mixture of the two salts. The crystals were first placed in the cell and the cell was then filled with a brine made up by dissolving some of the mixture in distilled water to saturation.
The flotation machine rotor was started with the air passage closed and was permitted to run for three minutes. A suitable non-metallic mineral flotation agent and a suitable frother as pine oil were then added and the cell contents conditioned with continued agitation. Thereafter the air cock was opened slightly and the froth taken off. This procedure resulted in a reduction of the sulphate content from 4.6% to 0.37%, a reduction of 92% in the sulphate content of the crystalline sodium chloride. The accompanying loss of sodium chloride was only 0.9%.
The sodium chloride-sodium sulphate ratio is not critical and the separation is eflective even though the ratio of the two crystal materials varies over a wide range.
The mother liquor can contain materials other than sodium sulphate and sodium chloride; for example, in one operation it contained about 1% sodium hydroxide, about 0.5% sodium carbonate and about 0.045 pound of lime per ton. The presence of these other materials in the mother liquor does not interfere with the flotation operation. A temperature of about 23 C.- room temperature-was maintained during the flotation operation although this is not critical.
In some operations it was found advantageous to add the flotation agent in successive steps,
three times.
While oleic acid has been employed preferably as the flotation agent, it is, of course, to be understood that the flotation operation can be conducted with any other suitable flotation agent such as stearic acid, palmitic acid or other fatty acids and with source materials for such fatty acids as fish oils and the like.
The presence of a small amount of an ion of an element having a substantially water insoluble sulphate and a soluble chloride appears to have a very beneficial effect in conditioning the salt mixture for flotation, particularly in reducing the amount of sodium chloride removed with the sodium sulphate. For example, by adding lime equivalent to l0%-15% of the oleic acid and decreasing the oleic acid employed from 1 pound per ton to 0.1 pound per ton, the sodium chloride loss was decreased from 21.2% to 4%, although the sodium sulphate removal was decreased from to 83%. It appears that when an ion of one of the presently named elements is employed with a fatty acid, the fatty acid should not be present in excess of that required stoichiometrically to form the fatty acid soap of the element. Such elements are calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and ferric iron; the element employed can be present in the brine as a constituent thereof or else added to the brine or to the mixture in the form of a suitable compound. The element should be available apparently in ionic form to condition the mixture for flotation.
I claim:
1. A process for separating sodium chloride crystals from sodium sulphate crystals which comprises subjecting a pulp of said crystals in an alkaline brine containing sodium hydroxide to a froth flotation process employing an agent selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid soap and a fatty acid ester and a material supplying an ion selected from the groups consisting of calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and iron in the ferric state to float off selectively the sodium sulphate crystals from the sodium chloride crystals.
2. A process for separating sodium chloride crystals from sodium sulphate crystals which comprises subjecting a pulp of said crystals in a saturated brine to a froth flotation operation in the presence of a material selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid, a fatty acid soap and a fatty acid ester and a material supplying an ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and iron in the ferric state.
3. A process for separating a mixture of sodium sulphate crystals from sodium chloride crystals comprising subjecting a pulp of said mixture in its saturated brine to a froth flotation operation in the presence of oleic acid and a material supplying an ion selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, strontium, titanium and iron in the ferric state.
4. A process for separating a mixture of sodium sulphate crystals from sodium chloride crystals comprising subjecting a pulp of said mixture in its saturated brine to a froth flotation operation in the presence of about 0.1 pound of oleic acid per ton of mixture and a material selected from
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US360116A US2310315A (en) | 1940-10-07 | 1940-10-07 | Sodium sulphate flotation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US360116A US2310315A (en) | 1940-10-07 | 1940-10-07 | Sodium sulphate flotation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2310315A true US2310315A (en) | 1943-02-09 |
Family
ID=23416653
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US360116A Expired - Lifetime US2310315A (en) | 1940-10-07 | 1940-10-07 | Sodium sulphate flotation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2310315A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3525434A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1970-08-25 | Donald E Garrett | Methods for separating chloride,sulfate and carbonate salts and the like |
| US3685652A (en) * | 1969-08-06 | 1972-08-22 | Occidental Petroleum Corp | Flotation recovery of mirabilite from salt complexes |
| US3902993A (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1975-09-02 | Mobil Oil Corp | Flotation separation of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite |
| CN1326488C (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2007-07-18 | 德累斯顿工业技术大学 | Method and system for optically measuring swelling of the nose |
-
1940
- 1940-10-07 US US360116A patent/US2310315A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3525434A (en) * | 1968-09-30 | 1970-08-25 | Donald E Garrett | Methods for separating chloride,sulfate and carbonate salts and the like |
| US3685652A (en) * | 1969-08-06 | 1972-08-22 | Occidental Petroleum Corp | Flotation recovery of mirabilite from salt complexes |
| US3902993A (en) * | 1974-02-20 | 1975-09-02 | Mobil Oil Corp | Flotation separation of crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite |
| CN1326488C (en) * | 2002-04-02 | 2007-07-18 | 德累斯顿工业技术大学 | Method and system for optically measuring swelling of the nose |
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