US2294108A - Furnace arch - Google Patents

Description

Aug- 25, 1942- H. w. BEECHER 2,294,108

FURNAGE ARCH Filed July 29, 1939 2`Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY Aug. 25, 3942-' H. w. EEEQHER FURNACE ARCH Filed July 29, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 A INVENTOR Hf/v/Pr W Effe/iff?.

Q4 ATTORNEY Patented Aug. 25, 1942 antics f FURNACE ARCH Henry W. Beecher, Seattle, Wash., assignor to Gladding McBean & Company, Seattle, Wash..

a corporation of California Application July 29, 1939, serial No. 287,276 l claims. (ci. 11o-.99)

This invention relates to furnaces of those kinds having wall linings constructed of refractory tile, and it has reference more particularly to improvements in the construction of furnaces, particuiarly with reference to the design of refractories, in their assembled relationship and in the means for functionally suspending the tile or refractorles in that portion of the furnace known as the arch.

It is vthe principal object of this invention to provide refractories of special design and suspending means therefor of novel construction, that constitute improvements upon present-day furnace detail, especially with reference to the facilitating of construction, serviceability, durability, cost of construction and provision for replacement of perishable parts.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a furnace arch structure using refractory tile designed for assembly in units the units to be individually suspended. Also, a structure wherein the design permits easy and ready assembly of units with the frame or structural parts and a1- lows the necessary shifting of supports and refractories to compensate for movement that is due to expansion and contraction; wherein al1 replacements of refractories may be made from the outside of the furnace and wherein all through joints are adapted to be closed or sealed by `use of standard bricks, laid in place over the `ioints and readily removable when repair or replacement of tile is desired.

It is also an object of this invention to provide hangers of novel form for the tile units compris ing the complemcntal, or paired refractories; and which are adapted to be applied to or removed from their supporting beams at any position therealong; which may be shifted along the beams without necessitating detachment, to clear them,

of the refractories suspended thereby for removal or displacement of the latter, and to leave the space unobstructed` for insertion of replacements.

Stili further objects of the present inventionthereto and in the combination of parts of the steel frame structure, including beamsy and hangers, together with the present refractories,

whereby a furnace arch may be constructed at a cost comparable to costs of such structures now in general use.

Other objects of the invention reside in the details of construction, and combination of the various parts, and in their mode of assembly and use as will hereinafter be fully described.

In accomplishing these and other objects of the invention, I have provided the improved details of construction, the preferred forms of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Fig. 1 is a vertical, sectional view of a portion of a furnacey embodying an arch constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged, cross sectional detail of the furnace arch, as seen on line 2-2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a top or plan View of a part of the furnace arch; parts being broken away for better illustration. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the paired tile used in the furnace arch and together constituting a tile unit.

Fig. 5 is a sectional detail showing an alternative arrangement of tile at the junction of the flat and sloping portions of the arch. Y

It is to be understood that arches may be of various designs and still employ the construction that is embodied in the present invention. For example, in the present instance, I. have shown an arch comprising a, flat section, and an inclined section leading to a curtain wailpthis being what is referred to as a drop nose arch. However, the arch might be all at and equipped with a right angie nose and not depart in` any way from the lspirit of the invention.

Referring more in detail to the drawings.-

Ihe frame structure of a furnace, usingthe present design, may` vary in detail according to the'particular requirements and conditionsbut it may be said that it will generally include the necessary vertical supports, such as columns, or walls, not herein shown; a 'plurality of horizontal cross girders it, which may be fixed to the columns or supported in the furnace walls, for supporting the furnace arch, and a similar girder i i, here shown at a lower level, for the support of the nose tile and curtain wall; these girders iii and li being preferably of `I-beam form, as shown best in Fig. i, and of a size and spacing to meet the particular requirements.

Supported by connection with the base flanges i0' of the girders iii, and extending horizontally shown.

It is to be observed that the stringers I3 are downwardly inclined from girder I to girder Il and that the horizontal beams I4, xed thereto, extend at right angles to the direction of beams I2.

Referring now more in detail to the flat portion of the furnace arch construction, and particularly with reference to the structure as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2: It will be observed that the fiat arch, designated in its entirety by numeral I5, is suspended principally from through the mediacy of the beams I2 and certain hangers IB, later described in detail, that are applied to these beams. The Suspended, at arch is made up of refractory tile, assembled in pairs, and the pairs are arranged in juxtaposi tion to form rows of tile; the rows being side by side in juxtaposition to form the arch, and each pair of tile being suspended from a beam by a hanger I6. Each pair of tile and its hanger, I refer to as a tile unit for convenience in explanation.

In Fig. 2 as shown the assembled relationship of paired tile and hangers to form the units and also the close relationship of parallel rows of units as suspended from adjacent beams I2. Each unit comprises a right and left, or cornplemental tile, I1 and I8, each tile consisting of a rectangular, block-like body portion with an integral suspending portion extending from its upper surface; these being designated respectively by reference numerals ISR. and I9L, as noted best in Fig. 4. The inner, or adjacent vertical faces I1 and I8 of the base or body portions of the complemental tile are in close, engaging contact, as are also the adjacent vertical faces I9 and I9a of the suspending portions of the complemental tile, and it is to be observed that the' plane of the joint between these suspending portions is laterally offset, as at |9zv, from the plane of the joint between the body surfaces, thus to provide a closed or sealed joint between paired tile. The projections together provide a suspending lug that is centrally of the tile unit and of lesser width than the unit, both in the direction measured transversely of the beam, as seen in Fig. 2, or longitudinally of the beam, as noted in Fig. 1, thus providing space between the lugs of adjacent units. 'Also, each lug has vertical, lateral surfaces ISf, and these are formed with horizontal, laterally opening grooves or channels thereacross which are designed to receive the end portions of a suspending or supporting hanger IB, as later described.

With the complemental tile assembled in units, as shown, and the units suspended from each beam in juxtaposition to form a row, the suspending lugs will be in alignment lengthwise of the rows, and the rows will be in juxtaposition and parallel. Also, when the pairs of tile are suspended in the intended, close relationship along the beams I2, as noted in Fig. 2, the adjacent, vertical surfaces of tile in the adjacent rows will engage together in a close joint. However, space is provided between the girders III- I0- the vertical edges of suspending lugs of tile of adjacent rows, to receive ller, or joint sealing bricks 2|, and this space between lugs of adjacent rows is predetermined and is such as to receive bricks of standard dimensions, lengthwise between rows of lugs and overlying the joints between rows, as shown both in the sloping portion of the arch in Fig. 1 and in section in Fig. 2. Also, the suspending lugs are of such height and the channels 20 are so disposed therein that the filler, or joint closing bricks will not interfere with the applying or removal of hangers I6.

In the present arrangement, filler bricks 22 of standard form are also inserted on edge between the lugs of adjacent pairs in the same row to close or cover the joint between paired tile; these latter filler bricks being known as splits. and have a length equal to the distance across the suspending lug of any unit or pair, thus providing that they will not interfere with the applying or removal of the bricks 2l overlying the joint between rows of tile. Also, these bricks 2| extend between the adjacent rows of bricks 20.

Each hanger I6 suspends a pair of tile, and comprises a horizontal bar I6', with downwardly extending legs IGa and I6b at its opposite ends, each with an inturned toe IIic; these being designed for projection into the laterally opening channels 20 in the opposite faces of the suspending lug of the tile unit. Medially of and at the top of the bar I6' is a socket 3D adapted to receive therein the oppositely extending base flanges of a cross beam I2, as shown in Fig. 2, and, at opposite sides of the socket, there are portions 3I3I' extending inwardly and supportingly overlying the edge portions of the opposite side flanges of the beam. The width of the socket 30, measured lengthwise of bar I6', is such as to permit of a limited endwise movement of the bar, which is sufficient for unseating the portion 3I from the corresponding `iiange for detachment of the hanger. When the hanger is in use, however, as seen in Fig. 2, a key 32 is removably applied to the socket, as a wedge between the edge of a flange at one side of the beam and the end of the socket, to retain the hanger functionally ilxed to the beam. Removal of the key will permit longitudinal shifting of bar I6' and the disconnection of the hanger from the beam if this is desired, or will free it for adjustment along the beam, without disconnection therefrom.

If it should be desired at any time to remove a damaged tile from the arch for replacement. or repair, the procedure is, first to merely lift out the adjacent joint sealing filler bricks 2l and 22. Then the key 32 that is applied to the hanger, whereby the tile to be replaced is suspended, is removed, and the hanger is shifted along the supporting beam I2 to clear it of the suspending lug of the unit that is to be removed. Then the released pair of tile or unit is knocked free and allowed to drop into the furnace or, by certain manipulation, they could be lifted out. The tile to replace the single, or the pair removed, can then be assembled and inserted, from above the arch into the opening, and the hanger I6 again shifted back into suspending position with its opposite end portions applied in the lug recesses 20. Then the key 32 is again applied to hold the hanger against release. The filler bricks 2I and 22 are again replaced, and the repair is completed. It will be here mentioned that it is also possible to make repairs from inside the furnace when the furnace is not in use.

In this above described arrangement, the tile units hang with some play in the hangers II and also the hangers have a certain freedom of movement of play on the suspending beams I2. and the beams have play on the supporting girders. This is to compensate for movement caused by expansion and contraction of parts under varying conditions of temperature. It is a feature of this construction that theI beams I2 have horizontal slots or notches 28 in the end edges adapted to receive the flanges I' of the beams I0 and to allow a limited endwise shifting of the beams I2 as well as a lateral sliding along the flanges of beams I0.

In that portion of the arch` that slopes downwardly to the nose, tile identical to those of the flat portion are used, and these are arranged in pairs or units suspended by the hangers I6 from the beams I4; the mode of suspension being the same as in the nat portion of thearch, but the rows of tile extend transversely'of, or at right angles to those of the flat portion. In this sloping portion of the arch. as in the flat portion, it is desirable that the under surface of the wall be perfectly flush or flat. However, due to the play or looseness that is provided in the connection between hangers I6 and flanges of the beams I4, and also the play between the inturned toes or hooks of the hangers and channels 20 of the tile, the bottom surfaces of tile in adjacent rows would be stepped unless provision were made to compensate for this play. Therefore, in order that the bottom surfaces of all tile in one row will be caused to lie in the plane of bottom surfaces of any otherv row, the cross beams I4 are slightly tilted by the insertion of shims or wedges 38 b etween the base anges of the girders I3 and flanges I4' of the beams I4 at the lower side. This causes the beams I4 to be inclined at such angle as to compensate for the unevenness that otherwise would result from the play in connections between beams, hangers and tile, and keeps all under surfaces of the tile in this section in the same plane.

At the junction of the section of refractories which constitute the flat arch portion with the tile of the sloping section, special wedge shapes, as at 35, are inserted, and these, by reason of their shape, need no hangers. As an alternative structure, the side edges of the tile o f the first row in the sloping section may be beveled off, as has been illustrated at 36 in Fig. 5, to provide a close joint with the vertical surfaces of adjacent tile. In this case, no special shape need be manufactured, but it is only necessary to alter a shape already provided. It will be observed in this alternative structure of Fig. 5, the beam I3' is not xed at its end to the girder I0, but is provided at the sides with horizontal flanges 40 adapted to slide upon the flanges I0 of girder I0 to provide movement that will compensate for temperature changes.

The lower row of tile of the sloping section of the arch are fitted in a straight joint, as at 45, to the inner course of the nose portion of the arch comprised by the two courses of tile designated at @Sand 4l. A course of standard brick 48, on edge, is placed upon the courses to close the joint.

It will here be mentioned that the nose and curtain structure shown are subjects of separate applications and will not be further described herein.

The present arch structure provides convenient and easy repair or replacement of tile without requiring shut down, as all work may be done from 'outside the furnace. The constructionembodies few different shapes of tile, and is thus relatively inexpensive from this standpoint. Also, all jlnts may be adequately sealed by use of standard brick and thus the requirement for special tile for this purpose is eliminated.

A special advantage in this structure is that in the suspending of pairs of tile in each row. expansionjoints may be provided as thought necessary along the rows and also between the rows. When the furnace is brought up to heat, the tile will shift as required to compensate for expansion without any damage. On cooling of the furnace, the tile will retain their spacing as no forces `are present that will tend to pull them back and no stresses accumulate to create damage to tile or structure.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein and desire to\ secure by Letters Patent is:

l. In a furnace arch, a tile unit comprising two rectangular tile of substantially the same size, assembled in face to face contact and together forming a rectangular block; each tile having an integral projection at its upper end, coacting with that of the complemental tile to. provide a suspending lug for the unit; said projecting portions being fitted together face to face in a joint that lies in a plane parallel to the plane of the joint between the tile but offset therefrom, and each of said projecting portions having a groove across its outside face, and a hanger for the unit comprising a cross bar disposed across the lug transversely of the joint and having downturned legs at its ends extended down across the grooved surfaces of the lug and with toes on said legs extended into said grooves; said hanger havlimits of the lug, and said lug being of lesser width than the block, to allow disengagement of,

the hanger therefrom without disturbing the block when it is assembled with others in an arch.

2. 'I'he combination with a supporting beam having a transverse flange along its base edge, of a tile hanger comprising a cross bar disposed transversely of and directly beneath the beam flange and formed with depending parts for supporting contact with a tile, and formed in its top edge intermediate its ends, with an upwardly opening recess for receiving the base flange of the beam therein, and having integral inwardly extending shoulders at the ends of the recess for overlying the opposite edges of the flange to support the hanger from the beam; said recess being greater in length than the width of the beam flange to permit endwise shifting of the bar relative thereto to disengage one of said shoulders from the beam flange, for release of the bar from the beam.

3. The combination with a supporting beam having a transverse base ilange. of a tile hanger comprising a cross bar disposed transversely of 4and directly beneath the beam flange and formed bar in that direction. and a key applied between the edge of the beam and other end of recess for normally retaining the bar against endwise movement.

4. In a furnace arch, a frame comprising spaced horizontal girders. beams extending between the girders and having supporting contact therewith at their ends permitting their lateral shifting on the girders, hangers suspended from the beams and individually adjustable therealong, tiles suspended by the hangers and said tiles as suspended from each beam being in juxtaposition and forming a row; said rows being in juxtaposition in the arch; each of said tiles having a suspending lug, and said lugs or the same row being spaced apart, and said hangers being individually shittable along their supporting beams for their disengagement from supporting .contact with the lugs of their corresponding tiles.

and without disturbing adiacent tiles of the row. 5. The combination with a supporting beam having a transverse flange along its base edge,

of a tile hanger'comprising a cross bar disposed transversely of and directly beneath the beam ilange and formed with depending parts for supporting contact with a tile, and formed in its top edge intermediate its ends. with an upwardly opening recess for receiving the base ange of the beam therein, and having inwardly extending shoulders at the ends of the recess for overlying the opposite edges oi! the flange t0 support the hanger from the beam; said recess being greater in length than the width of the beam flange to permit endwise shifting ot the bar relative thereto. and one of said shoulders having less overhang than the other and adapted to be disengaged from the beam flange for release of the hanger by shifting the hanger lengthwise toward that end of the recess; and a key removably inserted between the edge of the beam ilange and end of the recess equipped with the shoulder of least overhang to restrain the bar from releasing movement.

HENRY W. BEECHER.

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