US2293839A - Centimeter wave absorber - Google Patents
Centimeter wave absorber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2293839A US2293839A US342237A US34223740A US2293839A US 2293839 A US2293839 A US 2293839A US 342237 A US342237 A US 342237A US 34223740 A US34223740 A US 34223740A US 2293839 A US2293839 A US 2293839A
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- energy
- radio
- frequency
- ultra high
- absorbing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K9/00—Screening of apparatus or components against electric or magnetic fields
- H05K9/0073—Shielding materials
- H05K9/0081—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding
- H05K9/009—Electromagnetic shielding materials, e.g. EMI, RFI shielding comprising electro-conductive fibres, e.g. metal fibres, carbon fibres, metallised textile fibres, electro-conductive mesh, woven, non-woven mat, fleece, cross-linked
Definitions
- This invention relates to the absorption of ultra high frequency radio, energy, and has for its principal object the provision of means for preventing the reflection of radio frequency energy from objects, and for minimizing standing wave effects due to such reflections.
- ultra high frequency waves of radio energy are reflected from conducting and non-conducting surfaces in a manner similar to the reflection of light and sound energy.
- a radio transmitter for example, ultra high frequency energy is radiated from those parts which are at a high radio frequency potential. Some of this energy is-reflected back to the transmitter and induces currents in the various circuits which may be in or out of phase with the currents normally flowing therein, or which may have some intermediate phase, depending on the distance traveled by the reflected wave.
- the distances involved may be" equal to many wavelengths. It will be appreciated, therefore, that the currents induced in the circuits by the reflected energy may modify the amplitude of the normal currents considerably. This effect is particularly serious where the signal source is frequency or amplitude modulated. In the former case a change of frequency changes the .phase of the reflected energy, and thus changes the amplitude of the resultant current in the transmitter circuit. The resultant amplitude modulation is not desirable. In the latter case,-the signal is seriously distorted since the effect of the reflected energy is different for each side band frequency.
- FIG. 1 view of an. absorbing panel;' and Figure 3 is a view of a construction brick having high frequency absorbing properties.
- an ultra high frequency modulated oscillator 5, or other source of high frequency energy is mounted in a grounded metallic shielding box 1, closed on all sides, or substantially so, in the conventional manner.
- a grounded metallic shielding box 1 closed on all sides, or substantially so, in the conventional manner.
- waves radiated from the oscillator will cause standing waves to be produced within the box.
- electrical resonance is established with the result that a very high field intensity is produced within the enclosed space.
- This is called a resonant cavity condition, and is well known,
- the phenomena may be put .to many uses, but it is the purpose of the present invention to provide means for preventing such a condition from occurring when it is not desired, not meif'iely by detuning the cavity, since this is only e ective at a particular frequency, butby absorbing the energy.
- Figure 1 illustrates a. shielding compartment which includes a high frequency absorbing material to prevent resonant cavity effects
- Figure 2 is a cross sectional container whose length may be varied. A volt meter is mounted within the container to indicate the field intensity therein. The ratio of the square'root of the maximum to the minimum field intensity is then determined as the container is adjusted through resonance and anti-resonance. Alternatively the frequency of the. signal may be varied to determine this ratio. This process is repeated as the absorbing material is added until there is substantially no like may be constructed. Test cages are used to shield radio receivers and the like from signals and electrical disturbance which would otherwise make measurements impossible. A cage constructed in the manner suggested would be free from reflections set up by the test apparatus it-'- self, and the absorbent material will also act as an effective shield against outside disturbances.
- Fig. 3 Another form herein proposed is illustrated in Fig. 3.
- the absorbing fibres are embedded uniformly throughout a brick of insulating material such as Bakelite, styrol, or any of the well known plastics.
- the advantages of this arrangement are that the fibres are prevented from packing, they are protected from the moisture, which is particularly important where steel or iron fibres are used, and that the brick is permanent and easy to handle.
- the insulating material should have a dielectric constant as near as possible to that of air in order to minimize reflections which may occur directly from the surface of the brick.
- An alternative arrangement would be to coat the individual fibres with a protective coating of styrol to prevent rusting.
- a container in which standing waves of ultra high radio frequency energy are formed and absorbing means comprising a mass oi. loosely packe. flbrousconductors positioned within said con tainer for minimizing said standing waves.
- a source of ultra high ra- -dio frequency oscillations shielding means fOl said source, and absorbing means between saic oscillator and said shield comprised of a loosel: packed mass of fibrous conducting material fol minimizing reflections from said shield.
- a non-reflecting shielding material for ultra high radio frequencies comprising a continuum mass of fibrous conductors enclosin the object tc be shielded.
- An absorbent shield for ultra high radio frequencies comprising a continuous mass of fibrous conductors covered with an insulating material enclosing the object to be shielded.
- a container in which standing waves of energy are formed, and an absorbing material in said container for minimizing said standing waves.
- said material comprising a mass of conductin fibres of electromagnetic material.
- a source of ultra high radio frequency oscillations shielding means for said source, said means comprising a" packed .mass of fibrous conductors of electromagnetic material.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
Description
Aug. 25, 1942. E. G. LINDER 7 2,293,339
CENTIMETER WAVE ABSORBER 7 Filed June 25, 1940 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII I 11111 Patented Aug. 2, i942 STAES PTE oFFica CENTKMETER WAVE ABSORBER Ernest G. Linden, Philadelphia, Pa, assignor to Radio Corporation of America, a corporation of Delaware This invention relates to the absorption of ultra high frequency radio, energy, and has for its principal object the provision of means for preventing the reflection of radio frequency energy from objects, and for minimizing standing wave effects due to such reflections.
It is well known that ultra high frequency waves of radio energy, particularly those in the quasi-optical spectrum, are reflected from conducting and non-conducting surfaces in a manner similar to the reflection of light and sound energy. In a radio transmitter, for example, ultra high frequency energy is radiated from those parts which are at a high radio frequency potential. Some of this energy is-reflected back to the transmitter and induces currents in the various circuits which may be in or out of phase with the currents normally flowing therein, or which may have some intermediate phase, depending on the distance traveled by the reflected wave.
Where the frequency is very high, the distances involved may be" equal to many wavelengths. It will be appreciated, therefore, that the currents induced in the circuits by the reflected energy may modify the amplitude of the normal currents considerably. This effect is particularly serious where the signal source is frequency or amplitude modulated. In the former case a change of frequency changes the .phase of the reflected energy, and thus changes the amplitude of the resultant current in the transmitter circuit. The resultant amplitude modulation is not desirable. In the latter case,-the signal is seriously distorted since the effect of the reflected energy is different for each side band frequency. One solution to this difiiculty has been described in a copending application of Rene A. Braden, Serial No. 265,172, filed March 31, 1939, in which shields are placed very near all high frequency circuits so that there can be no substantial phase shift in the reflected energy. The present invention, however, proposes to accomplish the same result by covering reflecting surfaces with an absorbent material which produces a deadening efi'ect similar to that produced by acoustical absorbing materials.
view of an. absorbing panel;' and Figure 3 is a view of a construction brick having high frequency absorbing properties.
Referring now to Fig. 1, an ultra high frequency modulated oscillator 5, or other source of high frequency energy is mounted in a grounded metallic shielding box 1, closed on all sides, or substantially so, in the conventional manner. When the dimensions of the box are of the order of the wavelength, or larger, of the radio frequency oscillator, waves radiated from the oscillator will cause standing waves to be produced within the box. At certain frequencies electrical resonance is established with the result that a very high field intensity is produced within the enclosed space. This is called a resonant cavity condition, and is well known, The phenomena may be put .to many uses, but it is the purpose of the present invention to provide means for preventing such a condition from occurring when it is not desired, not meif'iely by detuning the cavity, since this is only e ective at a particular frequency, butby absorbing the energy.
For this purpose small masses of fibrous conducting material 9 are inserted more or less at random within the shield 1. It is not necessary to cover the entire inner surface of the shield with absorbing material, although this may be done, but a sufiicient amount should be used to insure the desired result. The absorbers themselves are loosely packed fibres of steel, copper,
' or other conducting mate-rial.- I have found that This invention will be better understood from the following descriptionwhen considered in connection with the accompanying drawing, and its scope is indicated by the appended claims.
Referring to the drawing, Figure 1 illustrates a. shielding compartment which includes a high frequency absorbing material to prevent resonant cavity effects; Figure 2 is a cross sectional container whose length may be varied. A volt meter is mounted within the container to indicate the field intensity therein. The ratio of the square'root of the maximum to the minimum field intensity is then determined as the container is adjusted through resonance and anti-resonance. Alternatively the frequency of the. signal may be varied to determine this ratio. This process is repeated as the absorbing material is added until there is substantially no like may be constructed. Test cages are used to shield radio receivers and the like from signals and electrical disturbance which would otherwise make measurements impossible. A cage constructed in the manner suggested would be free from reflections set up by the test apparatus it-'- self, and the absorbent material will also act as an effective shield against outside disturbances.
Another form herein proposed is illustrated in Fig. 3. In this case the absorbing fibres are embedded uniformly throughout a brick of insulating material such as Bakelite, styrol, or any of the well known plastics. The advantages of this arrangement are that the fibres are prevented from packing, they are protected from the moisture, which is particularly important where steel or iron fibres are used, and that the brick is permanent and easy to handle. The insulating material should have a dielectric constant as near as possible to that of air in order to minimize reflections which may occur directly from the surface of the brick. An alternative arrangement would be to coat the individual fibres with a protective coating of styrol to prevent rusting.
I have thus described a new system for reducing the reflection ofultra high frequency energy and for reducing standing waves in a shielding container. Many further modifications of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. -This invention is not to be limited to the specific embodiments which have been herein described but only by the prior art and the spirit of the appended claims.
I claim as my invention:
1. In an ultra high frequency radio device, a container in which standing waves of ultra high radio frequency energy are formed and absorbing means comprising a mass oi. loosely packe. flbrousconductors positioned within said con tainer for minimizing said standing waves.
2. In an ultra high frequency radio device, container in which standing wavesof energy a1- formed, and an absorbing material in said con tainer for minimizing said standing waves, sail material comprising a mass of conducting fibres 3..In an ultra high frequency radio device, 9.! oscillator, shielding means for said oscillator, am a fibrous conducting material between said oscil lator and said shielding means for absorbing ra diations from said oscillator.
4..In a radio device, a source of ultra higl radio frequency oscillations, shielding means 1'0: said source, said means comprising a packed mas: of fibrous conductors.
5. Ina radio device, a source of ultra high ra- -dio frequency oscillations, shielding means fOl said source, and absorbing means between saic oscillator and said shield comprised of a loosel: packed mass of fibrous conducting material fol minimizing reflections from said shield.
6. A non-reflecting shielding material for ultra high radio frequencies comprising a continuum mass of fibrous conductors enclosin the object tc be shielded.
'1. An absorbent shield for ultra high radio frequencies comprising a continuous mass of fibrous conductors covered with an insulating material enclosing the object to be shielded.
8. In an ultra high frequency radio device, a container in which standing waves of energy are formed, and an absorbing material in said container for minimizing said standing waves. said material comprising a mass of conductin fibres of electromagnetic material.
9. In a radio device, a source of ultra high radio frequency oscillations, shielding means for said source, said means comprising a" packed .mass of fibrous conductors of electromagnetic material.
ERNEST G. LINDER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US342237A US2293839A (en) | 1940-06-25 | 1940-06-25 | Centimeter wave absorber |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US342237A US2293839A (en) | 1940-06-25 | 1940-06-25 | Centimeter wave absorber |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2293839A true US2293839A (en) | 1942-08-25 |
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| US342237A Expired - Lifetime US2293839A (en) | 1940-06-25 | 1940-06-25 | Centimeter wave absorber |
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Cited By (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2423461A (en) * | 1945-05-18 | 1947-07-08 | Gen Electric | Attenuator for ultra high frequencies |
| US2464006A (en) * | 1944-04-28 | 1949-03-08 | Philco Corp | Radio wave absorption device |
| US2465719A (en) * | 1943-04-29 | 1949-03-29 | Rca Corp | Applications of high loss dielectrics to wave guide transmission systems |
| US2474384A (en) * | 1944-04-28 | 1949-06-28 | Philco Corp | High-frequency radiant energy absorbing device |
| US2478463A (en) * | 1946-02-19 | 1949-08-09 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Beacon transmitter |
| US2490782A (en) * | 1946-04-05 | 1949-12-13 | Doyle E Collup | Antenna testing shield |
| US2497094A (en) * | 1945-02-28 | 1950-02-14 | Sperry Corp | Microwave apparatus |
| US2509045A (en) * | 1947-11-26 | 1950-05-23 | Collins Radio Co | Ultra high frequency radiation indicating system |
| US2531183A (en) * | 1945-01-23 | 1950-11-21 | Raymond R Wisner | Means for grounding cables |
| US2551398A (en) * | 1946-05-17 | 1951-05-01 | Sperry Corp | Apparatus for measuring ultra high frequency field distributions |
| US2587055A (en) * | 1946-12-06 | 1952-02-26 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrical cavity resonator for microwaves |
| US2591486A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1952-04-01 | Rca Corp | Electromagnetic horn antenna |
| US2599944A (en) * | 1943-05-11 | 1952-06-10 | Us Navy | Absorbent body for electromagnetic waves |
| US2627600A (en) * | 1946-08-19 | 1953-02-03 | Robert H Rines | Method of and apparatus for producing visual likenesses with the aid of radio waves |
| US2656535A (en) * | 1945-08-06 | 1953-10-20 | Leland K Neher | Nonreflecting background for testing microwave equipment |
| US2805275A (en) * | 1950-07-13 | 1957-09-03 | Philips Corp | Shrouded electro-magnetic apparatus |
| US2918671A (en) * | 1946-01-15 | 1959-12-22 | Halpern Otto | Identifying reflector with reflection dissymmetry |
| US2923934A (en) * | 1945-03-05 | 1960-02-02 | Method and means for minimizing reflec- | |
| US2951247A (en) * | 1946-02-19 | 1960-08-30 | Halpern Otto | Isotropic absorbing layers |
| US2992425A (en) * | 1945-10-12 | 1961-07-11 | Du Pont | Nondirectional, metal-backed, electromagnetic radiation-absorptive films |
| US3007160A (en) * | 1957-11-29 | 1961-10-31 | Halpern Otto | Method of reducing reflection of incident electromagnetic waves |
| US3142028A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1964-07-21 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Waveguide stop-band filter utilizing hybrid circuit with lossy resonant cavities in branch arms |
| US3152328A (en) * | 1957-11-21 | 1964-10-06 | Mcmillan Corp Of North Carolin | Microwave radiation absorber comprising spaced parallel resistance discs |
| US3208013A (en) * | 1961-07-31 | 1965-09-21 | Avco Corp | Electromagnetic wave absorber comprising inherently resonant filamentary fibers suspended in dielectric |
| US3328509A (en) * | 1966-07-20 | 1967-06-27 | Boeing Co | Apparatus for shielding against lowfrequency electromagnetic energy |
| US3406126A (en) * | 1966-12-07 | 1968-10-15 | Avco Corp | Conductive synthetic resin composition containing carbon filaments |
| US3568196A (en) * | 1969-02-06 | 1971-03-02 | Raytheon Co | Radio frequency absorber |
| US4725490A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-02-16 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | High magnetic permeability composites containing fibers with ferrite fill |
| US4728554A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-03-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Fiber structure and method for obtaining tuned response to high frequency electromagnetic radiation |
| US4794396A (en) * | 1985-04-05 | 1988-12-27 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Antenna coupler verification device and method |
| WO1990004210A1 (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1990-04-19 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Electromagnetically non-reflective materials |
| US5075867A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1991-12-24 | Bull Hn Information Systems Inc. | Method for limiting spurious resonant cavity effects in electronic equipment |
| US5099242A (en) * | 1990-01-04 | 1992-03-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Novel shielding, reflection and scattering control using chiral materials |
| US5202688A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1993-04-13 | Brunswick Corporation | Bulk RF absorber apparatus and method |
| US5313371A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1994-05-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Shielding apparatus for non-conductive electronic circuit packages |
| US5561428A (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1996-10-01 | General Atomics | Electromagnetic radiation absorber and method for the production thereof |
| US20060255998A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| WO2007037696A1 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-05 | Kongsberg Maritime As | Sheltering device for radar type liquid level measuring apparatus |
-
1940
- 1940-06-25 US US342237A patent/US2293839A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (44)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2465719A (en) * | 1943-04-29 | 1949-03-29 | Rca Corp | Applications of high loss dielectrics to wave guide transmission systems |
| US2599944A (en) * | 1943-05-11 | 1952-06-10 | Us Navy | Absorbent body for electromagnetic waves |
| US2464006A (en) * | 1944-04-28 | 1949-03-08 | Philco Corp | Radio wave absorption device |
| US2474384A (en) * | 1944-04-28 | 1949-06-28 | Philco Corp | High-frequency radiant energy absorbing device |
| US2531183A (en) * | 1945-01-23 | 1950-11-21 | Raymond R Wisner | Means for grounding cables |
| US2497094A (en) * | 1945-02-28 | 1950-02-14 | Sperry Corp | Microwave apparatus |
| US2923934A (en) * | 1945-03-05 | 1960-02-02 | Method and means for minimizing reflec- | |
| US2423461A (en) * | 1945-05-18 | 1947-07-08 | Gen Electric | Attenuator for ultra high frequencies |
| US2656535A (en) * | 1945-08-06 | 1953-10-20 | Leland K Neher | Nonreflecting background for testing microwave equipment |
| US2992425A (en) * | 1945-10-12 | 1961-07-11 | Du Pont | Nondirectional, metal-backed, electromagnetic radiation-absorptive films |
| US2918671A (en) * | 1946-01-15 | 1959-12-22 | Halpern Otto | Identifying reflector with reflection dissymmetry |
| US2951247A (en) * | 1946-02-19 | 1960-08-30 | Halpern Otto | Isotropic absorbing layers |
| US2478463A (en) * | 1946-02-19 | 1949-08-09 | Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co | Beacon transmitter |
| US2490782A (en) * | 1946-04-05 | 1949-12-13 | Doyle E Collup | Antenna testing shield |
| US2551398A (en) * | 1946-05-17 | 1951-05-01 | Sperry Corp | Apparatus for measuring ultra high frequency field distributions |
| US2627600A (en) * | 1946-08-19 | 1953-02-03 | Robert H Rines | Method of and apparatus for producing visual likenesses with the aid of radio waves |
| US2587055A (en) * | 1946-12-06 | 1952-02-26 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Electrical cavity resonator for microwaves |
| US2509045A (en) * | 1947-11-26 | 1950-05-23 | Collins Radio Co | Ultra high frequency radiation indicating system |
| US2591486A (en) * | 1949-12-31 | 1952-04-01 | Rca Corp | Electromagnetic horn antenna |
| US2805275A (en) * | 1950-07-13 | 1957-09-03 | Philips Corp | Shrouded electro-magnetic apparatus |
| US3152328A (en) * | 1957-11-21 | 1964-10-06 | Mcmillan Corp Of North Carolin | Microwave radiation absorber comprising spaced parallel resistance discs |
| US3007160A (en) * | 1957-11-29 | 1961-10-31 | Halpern Otto | Method of reducing reflection of incident electromagnetic waves |
| US3208013A (en) * | 1961-07-31 | 1965-09-21 | Avco Corp | Electromagnetic wave absorber comprising inherently resonant filamentary fibers suspended in dielectric |
| US3142028A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1964-07-21 | Hughes Aircraft Co | Waveguide stop-band filter utilizing hybrid circuit with lossy resonant cavities in branch arms |
| US3328509A (en) * | 1966-07-20 | 1967-06-27 | Boeing Co | Apparatus for shielding against lowfrequency electromagnetic energy |
| US3406126A (en) * | 1966-12-07 | 1968-10-15 | Avco Corp | Conductive synthetic resin composition containing carbon filaments |
| US3568196A (en) * | 1969-02-06 | 1971-03-02 | Raytheon Co | Radio frequency absorber |
| US5561428A (en) * | 1985-02-12 | 1996-10-01 | General Atomics | Electromagnetic radiation absorber and method for the production thereof |
| US4794396A (en) * | 1985-04-05 | 1988-12-27 | Sanders Associates, Inc. | Antenna coupler verification device and method |
| US4725490A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-02-16 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | High magnetic permeability composites containing fibers with ferrite fill |
| US4728554A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-03-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Fiber structure and method for obtaining tuned response to high frequency electromagnetic radiation |
| WO1990004210A1 (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1990-04-19 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Electromagnetically non-reflective materials |
| US5075867A (en) * | 1988-12-23 | 1991-12-24 | Bull Hn Information Systems Inc. | Method for limiting spurious resonant cavity effects in electronic equipment |
| US5202688A (en) * | 1989-10-02 | 1993-04-13 | Brunswick Corporation | Bulk RF absorber apparatus and method |
| US5099242A (en) * | 1990-01-04 | 1992-03-24 | The Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Novel shielding, reflection and scattering control using chiral materials |
| US5313371A (en) * | 1991-03-04 | 1994-05-17 | Motorola, Inc. | Shielding apparatus for non-conductive electronic circuit packages |
| US20060255998A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2006-11-16 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| US7688246B2 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2010-03-30 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| US20100149054A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2010-06-17 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| US20100156696A1 (en) * | 2005-05-10 | 2010-06-24 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| US8063812B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2011-11-22 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| US8072366B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2011-12-06 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| US8279104B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 | 2012-10-02 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Radio wave absorber, electromagnetic field measurement system and radiated immunity system |
| WO2007037696A1 (en) * | 2005-09-27 | 2007-04-05 | Kongsberg Maritime As | Sheltering device for radar type liquid level measuring apparatus |
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