US2291621A - Rail car - Google Patents

Rail car Download PDF

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Publication number
US2291621A
US2291621A US307143A US30714339A US2291621A US 2291621 A US2291621 A US 2291621A US 307143 A US307143 A US 307143A US 30714339 A US30714339 A US 30714339A US 2291621 A US2291621 A US 2291621A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
sheet
car
welding
sheathing
sheets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US307143A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Francis M Gunn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Co
Original Assignee
Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE480212D priority Critical patent/BE480212A/xx
Priority to FR960421D priority patent/FR960421A/fr
Application filed by Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Co filed Critical Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Co
Priority to US307143A priority patent/US2291621A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2291621A publication Critical patent/US2291621A/en
Priority to ES0181948A priority patent/ES181948A1/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
    • B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
    • B61D17/08—Sides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/002—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating specially adapted for particular articles or work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
    • Y10T29/49867—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part of skin on frame member
    • Y10T29/49869—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part of skin on frame member by flexing

Definitions

  • the present invention is particularly valuable as it relates to the railway passenger car industry.
  • the sheathing plays an important part in carrying the stresses. Because of this, it is extremely diillcult to eliminate the ripples and buckles occurring in the side sheathing due to the presence of stresses.
  • the present invention successfully eliminates these buckles and yet retains the plain streamlined appearance of the car.
  • Fig. l is an elevation showing two small side sheet panels to be used in fabricating the side sheathing, with the window opening cut in the letter-board panel;
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the panel shownin Fig. 1 showing the stifleners applied to the inner face of each panel:
  • Fig. 3 is the plan view of the panel shown in Figs. 1 and 2 welded together by a horizontal seam and a dotted line showing of a second adjoining panel unit welded to the first by a vertical seam.
  • FIG. 4 is a vertical transverse sectional view through the side frame and vertical jig showing the relationship of the various elements making up the side frame when mounted on the vertical j
  • FIG. 5 is a full assembly view of the sheathing for the entire car side welded into an integral sheet showing the stiifeners on the inner face. A portion oi the sheathing is broken away at the center; a
  • Fig. 6 is a side elevational view of the car side framing members welded together to form the entire car side, a portion of the frame being broken away at the center;
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view of the car side showing the relative positions of the framing members, stiflfeners, and welded joints in the completed side;
  • Fig. 8 is a side elevational view of the side sheathing viewed from the outside;
  • Fig. 9 is a side elevational view of the completed car side viewed from the inside of the car;
  • Fig. 11 is a horizontal sectional view of a portion of the car side taken on the line Il-il of Fig. 9;
  • FIG. 12 is a fragmentary plan view of a small side sheet segment placed on the spot welding 1 s:
  • Fig. 13 is an enlarged fragmentary longitudinal sectional view taken through the Jig working surface and side sheet segment showing the side sheet with a stiffener in place and the positions of the electrodes prior to the application of electrode pressure
  • Fig. 14 is an enlarged sectional view corresponding to Fig. 13 but showing the upper electrode exerting force on the stiffener and sheet in position for welding. The bowing of the sheet downwardly is exaggerated to more clearly bring out the process.
  • the sheathing and side frame are fabricated separately and are assembled when both have been cooled to atmospheric temperature and properly straightened.
  • the sheathing is made up of a plurality of relatively small sheet panels I and I5 (Fig. 1) reenforced and welded together to form a unitary sheet extending the full length and height of the car side frame.
  • Panel l5 may be referred to as a segment of the letter board panel and sheet Ii as a segment of the usual girder sheet.
  • the first operation in constructing the side sheathing is to cut window openings I! in the of the individual sheets, a plurality of stiffening,
  • a spot welding jig 50 is shown, having its bench top divided into two segments II and 52, spaced apart to provide a gap 58.
  • girder bottom electrode is slightly lower than the upper surfaces of the work bench areas 5
  • the-upper electrode 51 is moved downwardly onto the inner surface of stiffener sheet II, and then pressure is exerted,
  • the side sheet being concave.
  • the sheets and stiffeners are initially bowed to place the outer surface of the sheet in tension, as previously described, so that, upon cooling of these members, they will be substantially flat or only slightly convex on the outer surface of the sheet.
  • the amount of bowing required during the spot welding operation depends upon the material used as well as its thickness. It is important that the side sheet be held on the welding jig in such a manner that, during the welding operation and upon subsequent cooling. the sheet and stiifeners are as nearly flat as practicable; and, in order to insure against the presence of concavities in the outer surface of the sheet, it may be desirable to be somewhat liberal in determining the initial bow.
  • the reenforced small sheets are next placed with a letter-board panel sheet l5 above and a girder sheet segment i5 below, as shown in Fig. 3, on a welding jig and butt welded together, as indicated at 23.
  • This operation is performed by the use of arc welding, and is continued until all like units of letter-board panel sheets and girder sheet segments l5 and i6 respectively for one entire car side are completely welded together.
  • the side frame is being assembled on a framing jig.
  • This frame comprises the usual side plate 21, window header 25, belt rail 29, and side sill 35, with a plurality of vertical side posts 3
  • the welding bead formed by welding together the small side sheets as previously described, is ground flush with the sheets on the inside surface of the sheathing, and then it is placed in the vertical jig 25 with its outside face flush against a flat copper plate 34 forming part of the vertical jig. While the sheathing is being held in place against this copper plate, the car frame 26 is properly positioned against the inner face of the sheathing with the framing members fitting between the stiffeners in the proper manner, and a plurality of upper and lower clamps 35 and 35', respectively, are drawn tight to securely hold the sheathing and frame on the jig.
  • U-shaped clamping member 36 is employed with one leg 3i resting against a backing plate 38 of the jig and the other leg 39 resting against some part of the side frame, as, for example, the side sill 38, as in the case of the lower clamp shown in Fig. 4.
  • Some suitable means such as a bolt fill with a nut 40, is used to tighten the clamp against the jig and the car frame.
  • the jig itself comprises a plurality of H beams ll, anchored to the ground, as indicated at 42, to which is rigidly secured a steel backing plate 38.
  • the copper plate 34 previously described is bolted or otherwise aflixed to the backing plate 38, and serves as a conductor for the welding current.
  • the side sheathing and frame are now mounted on the vertical jig and ready for the applicaspaced to attain the required strength and rigidity in the fastening.
  • the spot welds are also applied to the horizontal framing members, and their spacing also is suitable for obtaining the required strength.
  • the finished product gives a smooth, plain appearance on the outside of thelcar, as shown in Fig. 8, with the car side entirely free from buckles or electrode impressions caused during the welding operation.
  • the fact that the electrode pressure is applied from the inside on the car framing members in the spot welding operation and the outside surface is flush against the relatively smooth copper plate 34, (Fig. 4) makes it possible to entirely eliminate the welding scars on the outer face of the side sheathing.
  • stiffeners By welding the stiffeners to the back of the small side panels, it is possible to obtain a very flat reenforced sheet highly resistant to buckling before any expansion and contraction are allowed to occur in the sheet itself, so that, when these sheets are are welded together in the manner described, these stiffeners resist any tendency to buckle-which may be present. Also, by fabrieating the .side sheathing and framing separately and then welding them together after they have cooled to atmospheric conditions and have been properly straightened, one of the greatest causes for buckling in the side sheathing has been eliminated.
  • the horizontal and vertical seams in the side sheathing are located as closely as practicable to the two framing members in the car side. This is the preferable location for these seams, although obviously, if it is found desirable, the individual sheets may be cut to sizes different from those shown so that these seams will fall some place else in the car side.
  • the welding electrode When welding the stiffeners to the sheets, the welding electrode is applied to the stiffener itself so that any scars due to electrode pressure which may result are on the inner face of the stiifeners instead of being on the outer surface of the sheathing. These spots are located as near as possible to the bent edges of the stiffeners so as to minimize as much as possible any tendency to have the stiffeners pull away from the sheets.
  • Thestifieners are placed with the corrugations extending lengthwise of the car because of the needed additional strength in that direction due to the cumulative contractioncaused by the welding heat. This contraction may be as much as three-eighths to five-eighths of an inch.
  • the large copper plate 34 in the welding jig serves as an electrical conductor behind the The spreads over a large area the pressure due to the welding electrode pressure. This distribution of force prevents depressions from appearing in the outer face, thus preserving the smooth contour of the sheathing.
  • the method of fabricating a portion of a vehicle side comprising placing aflat side sheet panel on a working surface with the inner face of the panel disposed upwardly, placing relatively fiat stiffeners on the upper face of the panel, applying pressure to the upper face of the working surface with the sheet straddling an' opening between two portions of the working surface, positioning welding electrodes above and below the sheet in the opening between the two spaced portions of the working surface with the lower electrodespaced slightly below the plane of the working surface, placing the stiffener on the upper face of the sheet so that the stiffener extends crosswise to the opening in the working surface, lowering the upper electrode against the stiffener and applying a force to how the sheet and the stiil'ener downwardly within their elastic limits into engagement with the lower electrode, welding the stifl'ener to the sheet while they are in this bowed position, and then allowing the panel and stifleners to return to a substantially flat condition.
  • the method of fabricating a reinforced. straight. thin, metallic sheet having an ultimately smooth, flat side comprising applying to one face of a metallic sheet a corrugated stiffener sheet of sumcient size to overlap the major area of the metallic sheet, bowing the stiffener and the metallic sheet together within their elastic limits to place in tension the other face of the metallic sheet and maintaining the stiffener and the metallic sheet in engagement throughout the extent of their overlapping areas, while so malntainlng this bowed condition welding the two members together, the welds being made over a substantial portion of their common areas, and than allowing the inherent resiliency of the assembled members to return them to their original, flat condition.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Welding (AREA)
US307143A 1939-12-01 1939-12-01 Rail car Expired - Lifetime US2291621A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE480212D BE480212A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1939-12-01
FR960421D FR960421A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1939-12-01
US307143A US2291621A (en) 1939-12-01 1939-12-01 Rail car
ES0181948A ES181948A1 (es) 1939-12-01 1948-01-30 UN PROCEDIMIENTO DE FABRICAR UNA PORCIoN DE UN COSTADO DE VEHiCULO

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US307143A US2291621A (en) 1939-12-01 1939-12-01 Rail car

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2291621A true US2291621A (en) 1942-08-04

Family

ID=23188424

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US307143A Expired - Lifetime US2291621A (en) 1939-12-01 1939-12-01 Rail car

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2291621A (enrdf_load_html_response)
BE (1) BE480212A (enrdf_load_html_response)
ES (1) ES181948A1 (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR (1) FR960421A (enrdf_load_html_response)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427893A (en) * 1944-03-25 1947-09-23 American Steel Foundries Brake beam
US2771041A (en) * 1950-12-28 1956-11-20 Budd Co Panel structure, particularly letterboard for railway cars
US3082519A (en) * 1957-12-16 1963-03-26 United States Steel Corp Method for making metal panels
US3100572A (en) * 1960-10-14 1963-08-13 Carl E Gingher Adjustable supporting surfaces
US3179073A (en) * 1960-10-14 1965-04-20 Gingher Mfg Co Adjustable supporting surfaces
WO1989001383A1 (en) * 1987-08-11 1989-02-23 A. Goninan & Co. Limited Composite metal panel
US5303658A (en) * 1992-03-18 1994-04-19 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Construction of structural body

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427893A (en) * 1944-03-25 1947-09-23 American Steel Foundries Brake beam
US2771041A (en) * 1950-12-28 1956-11-20 Budd Co Panel structure, particularly letterboard for railway cars
US3082519A (en) * 1957-12-16 1963-03-26 United States Steel Corp Method for making metal panels
US3100572A (en) * 1960-10-14 1963-08-13 Carl E Gingher Adjustable supporting surfaces
US3179073A (en) * 1960-10-14 1965-04-20 Gingher Mfg Co Adjustable supporting surfaces
WO1989001383A1 (en) * 1987-08-11 1989-02-23 A. Goninan & Co. Limited Composite metal panel
AU611198B2 (en) * 1987-08-11 1991-06-06 A. Goninan & Co. Limited Composite metal panel
US5303658A (en) * 1992-03-18 1994-04-19 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Construction of structural body

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE480212A (enrdf_load_html_response)
FR960421A (enrdf_load_html_response) 1950-04-18
ES181948A1 (es) 1948-03-01

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