US228389A - Solution for electro-deposition of nsckel - Google Patents
Solution for electro-deposition of nsckel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US228389A US228389A US228389DA US228389A US 228389 A US228389 A US 228389A US 228389D A US228389D A US 228389DA US 228389 A US228389 A US 228389A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- solution
- electro
- salts
- soda
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 title description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 92
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 46
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 42
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 26
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 12
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 12
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J Pyrophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- 229940048084 Pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloride anion Chemical class [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical class [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 2qpq Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004135 Bone phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K Tripotassium phosphate Chemical class [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005712 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000000266 injurious Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin hydride Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 tribasic compound Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
Description
JAMES POWTELL, OF
SOLUTION FOR SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, JAMES POWELL, of Oincinnati, in the countyof Hamilton and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in the Electro-Deposition of Nickel; and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use it.
The solutions now in general use for the electro-deposition of nickel, such as the double salts of sulphate or chloride of nickel and ammonia, become, under the continuous influence of the electric current, more or less decomposed, and do not afford satisfactory results, the deposit being often black and powdery and easilyrubbed off the article so plated.
My invention is designed to obviate these objections; and I accomplish this by forming entirely new combinations of nickel salts, and adding thereto the pyrophosphates in their free or combined states. By varying the proportions of the salts I insure different qualities of deposit-as, for example, for bright and smooth work the deposit should be uniform and dense in structure, so as to obviate 1aborious polishing and prevent undue abrasion of the prominent parts oredges of the plated goods. On the other hand, goods that are chased or matted require that the plating should be of a dead or frosted appearance. This difference in the character of the deposit cannot be obtained with any other solution that I am aware of--as, for instance, the i double salts previously alluded to (sulphate or chloride of nickel and ammonia) can be successfully worked only when there is neither an acidnor alkaline reaction, or when said salts are pure and free from the presence of soda, potash, lime, or other foreign salts, and these solutions must be strictly maintained in definite proportions to insure even ordinary results.
My method of preparing my solution is such that when an additional ingredient is added no destructive decomposition or reaction occurs which would be injurious to its working qualities, but rather the contrary-namely,
that each ingredient added shall be with a view to insure the better operation of the solution for its special work.
I have discovered that ELECTRO- l produce a PATENT Orricn.
CINCINNATI, OHIO.
DEPOSITION OF NICKEL.
Patent No. 228,389, dated June 1, 1880.
Application filed May 2, 1879.
pyrophosphoric acid, when properly combined with other nickel salts, makes a very superior depositing solution, and the great advantage arising from its use is, that the addition of other salts does not affectits or their chemical affinities in the least. Y
I am aware that a solution of the double normal phosphate of potash and nickel is men tioned by Gore as a theoretical test for the deposition of nickel, but no formula is given;
and in practice it has been found that such a solution is unstable and cannot give constant or uniform results, from the fact that, the phosphate of potash not being a solvent of the nickel anodes, the small proportion of nickel contained in the solution when freshly prepared is soon extracted under the action of the electrical current, and it ceases to'yield its metal in a reguline state. I therefore do not claim the use of that salt; but I have discovered that while the phosphates of soda or potash have little or no affinity for the nickel bases, on the contrary, the pyrophosphates will readily dissolve nickel in various combinations, for the reason that the phosphate of soda or potash is a tribasic compound, being formed of one equivalent ofphosphoric acid, two equivalents of soda, and one equivalent of water. This salt, when placed in a crucible of cast-iron and subjected to a high temperature, melts and first loses all of its water of crystallization; then by increasing the temperature it finally loses all of its combined water.
The nature of the salt is now completely altered, it having been converted into a bibasic salt capable of combining readily with a metallic base in place of the equivalent of water lost. When the alkaline pyrophosphates are thus united to a metallic base they again become tribasic salts and remain so permanently.
The peculiar action of the pyrophosphates causes a great improvement in the character of the deposit, and by making combinations of certain proportions I am enabled to so modify my solutions as that their action under the influence of the electric current can be made to bright deposit for highlyfii'iished work, or a frosted or dead-white deposit for matted or chased work.
It has been common heretofore to add bisulphite of ammonia to nickel-plating solutions; but as the ammonia, under the influence of the electric current, is soon driven off as a gas, it ceases to give beneficial results; but I have discovered that bisulphite of soda, when combined with certain nickel salts, and more especially with phosphate of nickel, gives a higher degree of conducting power, and also improves the character of the deposit, and as the soda cannot be driven off, it forms a fixed compound.
My improvemen t may be more fully described as follows:
First, it consists in the use of the pyrophosphates, combined with other salts, to dissolve the nickel base; second, in the combination of the pyrophosphates of nickel with the bisulphite of soda, with or without the addition of ammonia.
I do not limit myself to a precise formula, as the amounts of the various ingredients may be varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.
One great advantage arising from the use of my solutions is, that the various metals and their alloys are electro-negative with reference to a solution containing pyrophosphates or phosphoric acid; hence no decomposition or local action occurs when they are immersedin the bath. Thus zinc articles, which cannot be plated in a solution of double sulphate or chloride of nickel and ammonia, are beautifully plated with a firm adhesive layer of metal by using my solutions, and the deposit is white in color and very ductile.
\Vithout limiting myself to the precise formula, and reserving to myself the right to vary the proportion and ingredients to suit the requirements of special cases, I prefer the following proportions for a general average solution for most work: To each gallon of water add three ounces of phosphate of nickel;
three and one-half ounces of pyrophosphate of soda; two ounces of citrate of nickel; one ounce of citric acid; one-half ounce of hisulphite of soda; five ounces of aqua-ammonia, (16%.)
In preparing the phosphate of nickel I prefer to use the carbonate of nickel and dissolve it in aqueous solution of phosphoric acid until it is saturated, which solution may then, if desired, be evaporated and crystallized for future use.
After compounding my solutions I prefer to add a small excess of the acid or alkali to them for the purpose of improving their conducting power, using an excess of acid when the work to be plated is composed of copper or its alloys, while an excess of alkali is added for work composed of iron or lead and tin and their alloys.
If preferred, instead of dissolving the carbonate or oxide of nickel in the acids, the uncombined salts may be dissolved in the water alone, and the proper amount of nickel can be added by placing the anodes in the bath and connecting them with the electric current in the usual manner well known to electroplaters.
Having thus described my invention, my claim is-- 1. An electro-dcpositing solution of the single or double salts of nickel to which has been added the pyrophosphate of soda or potash.
2. An electro-depositing solution composed of the pyrophosphate of soda, phosphate of nickel, the bisulphite of soda, and citrate of nickel and ammonia, substantially as set forth.
In testimony of which invention I hereunto set my hand.
JAMES POWVELL.
Witnesses JAMES H. LAYMAN, GEORGE H. KoLKER.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US228389A true US228389A (en) | 1880-06-01 |
Family
ID=2297768
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US228389D Expired - Lifetime US228389A (en) | Solution for electro-deposition of nsckel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US228389A (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2737541A (en) * | 1951-02-17 | 1956-03-06 | Roger S Coolidge | Storage battery electrodes and method of making the same |
-
0
- US US228389D patent/US228389A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2737541A (en) * | 1951-02-17 | 1956-03-06 | Roger S Coolidge | Storage battery electrodes and method of making the same |
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