US2282519A - Pavement structure - Google Patents

Description

y 12, 1942- 2 E. H. HOLMES 2,282,519

PAVEMENT STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 26, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l y 9 2- E. H. HOLMES 2,282,519

PAVEMENT STRUCTURE Filed Dec. 26, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 aa as V w l l=| =l l=| 'INVENTOR E. H. HOLMES PAVEMENT STRUCTURE May 12, 1942.

Filed Dec. 26, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented May 12, 1942 OFFI E 1 PAVEMENT STRUCTURE Edward H. Holmes, Mc KesRocks, Pa.,assignor to Fort Pitt'Malleable Iron Company, McKees Rocks; Pa.;-a corporation of Pennsylvania Amncatm ne emb 26, 19.4.0; Serial No. 371,663 f 3 Claims. Cl: 94-8) My invention relates to the paving or floor art and more particularly to the use of grid-like or grating inserts in paving or floors, whose main body portion consists of ordinary concrete mixtures, bituminous concrete and other materials put into place while in a plastic condition. The grids are also capable of use inflooring, without being inset into other pavingmat erial.

One object of my invention is to provide grid inserts of such nature that they will not only serve to prevent skidding on the pavement or floor, but which will also serve as reinforcement to bind the main pavement structure against cracking and spawling, as well as to present hard wearing areas at the pavement surface.

Another object of my invention is to provide reinforcing grids of such form that" they can conveniently be installed and embedded in the concrete or other paving material, orplaced as ,flooring, and wherein the various grid elements,

are interlocked with one another against relative displacement in any direction.

Still another object of my invention is to provide an improved manner of installing reinforcing grids in pavements formed of plastic material. v

Briefly stated, my invention comprises the use of metal grids or gratings which usually will be inlaid in the top surface of l a pavement, with the upper surfaces of the metal members exposed and with the various metal membersinterlocked with one another. a

Some of the forms which my invention may take are shown in the accompanying drawings wherein Figure 1 is a plan view of one of the grid elements entering into a completed structure; Fig. 2 is an end view thereof taken on the line 11-11 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a View taken on the line IIIIII of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a view taken on the line IV-IV of Fig. 1, but also indicating the concrete in which the grid is installed; Fig. 5 is a sectional view on a reduced scale of an assembly of the grid elements; Fig. 6 is a plan view thereof; Fig. 7 is a schematic view on a larger scale, showing the manner in which the grid elements of Figs. 5 and 6 may be brought into interlocking engagement with one another at the place of installation; Fig. 8 is a plan View showing a modification of the form of grid shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 9 is a view taken on the line IXIX of Fig. 8.

Referring first to Figs. 1 to 7, I show metallic grid elements which may suitably be of malleable iron castings. The grid elements are shown as what may be termed full-size elements I!) and ,I2. In the case of a half-width only four of these portions I2.

half-size elements II. The half-size are provided in order that the full-sizev elements III in each row may be placed in offset or staggered relation with respect to the elements It of the adjacent rows, the half-width elements [I serving to fill in the halfwidth spaces that would otherwise be left in certain of the rows, as; shown in Fig. 6. The mat-like structure formed by interlocking of the grid elements may be placed in a floor or roadway so that the rows of grid elements which are shown in Fig. 6 as extending lengthwise of the drawing usually will be laid crosswise of the roadway or pavement in which the grids are placed.

Each grid comprises bar-like portions I2 that extend lengthwise of the grid and cross bars I3 that are preferably cast or otherwise formed integrally with the bars I2. As shown in Fig. 1, each full-size grid has eight bar-like portions grid, there'fare I Each grid also has at its edges short bar-like projections I4 whose outer ends will abut against the outer elements ends of similarly-formed projections on adjacent grids when the grids are assembled as in Fig. 6.

Each grid I0 has four hooks l5 at one end, with an underlying lip or lug I6 beneath each hook, as shown more clearly in Fig. 3. The half-width grids II have only two of these hooks and lips. At its other end, each grid has cross bars ll of reduced depth so that when the hooks I5 of an adjacent grid is engaged with the bars II, the

top surfaces of such hooks will be approximately flush with the top surfaces of the bars I2 and I3.

When the grid structure is to be placed in soft concrete, the concrete paving is laid and, while it is still in a plastic condition, a row of grid elements will be installed one-by-one, in interlocked relation. To this end, a row of grids is laid preferably crosswise of the pavement, whereupon grids of the next row are placed in position. By tilting the grids of each row as indicated in Fig. 7, the lugs I6 man be caused to pass beneath the end bars I1, so that when the grids of a succeeding row are brought into horizontal alignment with the grids of a preceding row, the grids wil be interlocked with one another, as shown in Fig. 5. Each grid II) has interlocked engagement with two grids of the adjacent rows and each half-width grid II will have interlocking engagement with the full-width grids III of the adjacent rows, as shown in Fig. 6, so that the grids are all interlocked together against displacement in horizontal directions, the hooks I5 and lugs I6 serving to lock the grids against relative displacement also in vertical directions.

After a desired number of grids have been assembled to mat form, as shown in Fig. 6, they can be depressed into the concrete-preferably to a plane at which the surface of the concrete is approximately flush with the tops of the grids. As fast as new concrete is laid and struck off, additional rows of grids will be applied to the preceding rows. The hook connections of the grids have sufiicient play to permit the grids to follow a slightly curved contour such as in crowned roadways, bridges, tunnels and even curves of long radius on highways. Such small lumps or masses of concrete as extend too high above the ribs can be struck off by a straightedge or the like. On certain of the bars I2 1 provide foot-like extensions l9 that will become embedded in the concrete and serve as an anchoring means.

The grids can also-be-utilized in connection with pavements of bituminous material, in which case they will be placed on a suitable surface such as some sort of concrete, and thereafter the-asphalt or other bituminous material spread upon and rolled into the grids.

As above stated, the grids serve not only as anti-skid elements, but as-reinforcementfor the paving material, and also as a wear-resisting surface. Although the concretemay initially be flush with the grids, it will soon wear down slightly, so that tires of vehicles or the feet of pedestrianscan have anti-slipping engagement with the bars l2 and i3, evenin the case of factory floors Where grease may occasionally be present on the floor. The grids have the further utility in connection with asphalt paving, in that theylimit the extent to which the asphalt tends to become displaced under traffic when the temperature is warm, the forming of the ridges or depressions that commonly occur in asphalt surfaces of wide area, since the bars l2 and 13 are sufficiently close together to prevent substantial displacement of the asphalt in this manner. Byway of example, the bars l2 maybe only from one or two inches apart, while the bars I3 may be only three or fourinches apart. a

In- Figs. 8 and 9 I show a grid structure 20 which may be made in full-width and halfwidth pieces as are the elements 10 and H. In this arrangement, there is a top plate 2| which almost entirely covers the concrete and which thus preventing has depending ribs 22 and 23 that extend lengthwise and crosswise of the grid plate, the grids being also provided with hooks 24 and lugs 25 that correspond to the hooks and lugs l5-l6 and also provided with hook-engaging bars 26. In this arrangement the plate 2| has upstanding bosses distributed over its top surface, as indicated at 21, that constitute the anti-slipping elements. Holes 28 are provided to permit escape of air from beneath the plate 2| when the grids are being placed in the concrete. It will be understood that when desired, an anti-slipping surface can be provided by making cut-outs through the plate 2|, at the points 21, instead of forming the protuberances.

I claim as my invention:

1. A pavement structure comprising a body of concrete or the like which has inset into its upper surface grid-like members each of which has a hook-engaging bar of reduced depth at one edge and a hook at the opposite edge, with a retaining lug beneath the hook, the hook on each grid partially embracing the bar of an adjacent grid and the retaining lug at the hook underlying the bar, whereby the grids are held against relative displacement.

2. A pavement structure comprising a body of concrete or the like which has inset into its upper surface grid-like members each of which has longitudinal bars connected by cross bars, to form a grating, hooks formed on the cross bars at one end of each grid member, and the cross bars at the other end being of reduced depth, the hooks on each grid member having hooked engagement with the reduced bars of an adjacent grid.

3. A grating structure for use in a flooring, comprising grid-like elements each having hooks at one edge and retaining. lugs in vertically spacedrelation to the open sides of the hooks,

and also having'hook-engaging bars at its opposite edge, of reduced depth relative to the over-all thickness of the grid and each of less depth than the space between the adjacent hook and retaining lug, the hooks of each grid being engageable behind the bars of an adjacent grid when the grid is tilted to a plane generally perpendicular to the plane of the adjacent grid, and the retaininglugs, the bar and hooks at each connection being in superposed relation when the connected grids are brought to a common plane.

EDWARD H. HOLMES.

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