US2278747A - Chemical composition - Google Patents

Description

Patented Apr. 7, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION No Drawing. Application May 23, 1940, Serial No. 336,390

1 Claim.

This invention relates to an improved dressing composition for lubricating, softening and/or ilexibilizing filaments, yarns, threads, or the like comprised of organic acid esters of cellulose, together with filaments, yarns, threads, and the like to which the composition has been applied; and more particularly to an improved stable, antistatic, and noncorrosive composition comprising palm kernel oil for lubricating, softening and/or fiexibilizing filaments, yarns, threads, and the like comprised of cellulose acetate, together with filaments, yarns, threads, and the like of cellulose acetate to which the .composition has been applied.

It is a desirable and necessary practice to treat filaments, yarns, thread, and the like produced from organic esters of cellulose with a dressing composition prior to initial collection in package form of such filament, yarn or thread. Formulation of a satisfactory composition is fraught with difllculties for in addition to lubricating, softening and/or fiexlbilizing the filaments, a suitable dressing composition must fulfill addiwill minimize static effect, prevent oxidation of the softening agent, and still have a finish that will not be occluded but will uniformly affect the filament, and can be readily and uniformly removed therefrom after fabrication of the filament, yarn or thread into a fabric.

This invention has as an object new dressingneutralize or minimize the eifect of the static ments, yarn and threads.

tlonal functions. It is well known, for example,

that filaments of organic acid esters of cellulose become readily charged with static electricity which is troublesome in subsequent operations, and it is necessary therefore to have in the dressing composition an ingredient toneutralize this charge,.or minimize its effect. Further, it is known that vegetable oils, otherwise satisfactory as lubricating and softening agents tend to oxidize upon-ageing and these oxidized compounds deleteriously affect the filament, yarn or thread. Hence, the dressing composition must contain a constituent to prevent oxidation of the softening agent. And to complicate matters further, fresh spun filaments of organic acid esters of cellulose produced by the evaporative spinning method, for example cellulose acetate produced by the spinning of acetone-soluble cellulose acetate dissolved in acetone, have the peculiar property of occluding ingredients from finishing compositions when applied thereto immediately after leaving the spinning cell and prior to initial collection in package form. This occlusion of finish composltion affects the filament variously in that fabrics produced therefrom dye non-uniformly; also the luster of the filament is frequently affected, and unfortunately non-uniformly.

, It has therefore been extremely difiicult to compound a suitable dressing composition which have the requisite softening and lubricating action on the filament, yarn or thread, which Diluent charge, and which at the same time uniformly lubricate and soften filaments of organic acid esters of cellulose. A still further object is the formulation of a dressing composition which will impart a uniform finish to cellulose acetate fila- A still further, object resides in the filaments, yarns and threads of organic acid esters of cellulose to which our novel dressing compositions have been applied. These and other objects will more clearly appear hereinafter.

These objects are accomplished by the following invention. It has been found that palm 'kernel oil is outstanding as a softening andlubricating agent for filaments, yarns and threads of organic acid esters of cellulose and particularly for cellulose acetate yarn. It has a low iodine number, or in other words, it is relatively free from unsaturated compounds and, therefore, is less apt to develop odor and ,rancidity upon storage as compared to other non-drying vegetable oils such as olive oil. Additionally, palm kernel oil is not occluded ordissolved in the filament, yarn or thread, and compositions containing a large proportion of palm kernel oil can be more readily removed from fabricated yarn products 'andthe like than has been possible with compositions used heretofore.

It has further been found that palm oil combined with known antistatic materials, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants and diluents in the following 'proportionsby weight:

Palm kernel oil An antistatic material". 5-15 Corrosion inhibitor 0.1-1 An antioxidant 0.5-5 0-150 Palm kernel oil constitutes an exceptionally good dressing com-' position for softening, lubricating, and/or flexibilizing filaments, yarns, threads or the like, produced from organic acid esters of cellulose such as cellulose acetate.

It is. of course, desirable to use a high grade palm kernel oil of light color and uniform physical characteristics from lot to lot. As the antistatic material, compounds falling under the term N-dialkylcyclohexylamine lorol' sulfa such as dimethylcyclohexylamine "lorol" sulfate and diethy'lcyclohexylamine loro sulfate, have proven very satisfactory. The term lorol is intended to cover the residue of the commercially available mixed primary alcohols containing 10 to.18 carbon atoms. In addition, th products described in U. S. Patent No. 2,139,276 to Lenher et al., such as diethylcyclohexylamine lauryl sulfate, dimethylcyclohexylamine lauryl sulfate, diethylcyclohexylamine stearyl sulfate, diethylcyclohexylamine cetyl sulfate, .etc., have also proven very satisfactory. Other suitable materials for this purpose are a 50-50 mixture of sodium "ocenol (commercially available mixed unsaturated alcohols containing 16 and 18 carbon atoms) sulfate and sodium cetyl sulfate,

trimethylstearyl ammonium bromide, Stenol, which is a mixture of the higher alcohols comprising chiefly alcohols containing 16 and 18 carbon atoms with a little alcoholof 14 carbon atoms, and the reaction product of dialkanol stearamide and dimethyl sulfate such as the reaction product of diethanol stearamide and dimethyl sulfate. As the corrosion inhibitor,

dilorol phosphate, diethylcyclohexylamine, lecithin, and triethanolamine havebeen found quite satisfactory. Any well known antioxidants such as hydroquinone, alpha naphthol, beta naphthol, Eugenol, diphenylamine, lecithin, and pyrogallol may be used. Mixtures of two or more of the above antistatic agents, mixtures of two or more antioxidants, and mixtures of two or more corrosion inhibitors may of course be employed. The diluent is preferably a refined mineral oil and should preferably be of low viscosity. Other diluents such as kerosene,

diethylene glycol monolaurate, and butyl palmitate also be used.

-. As specific examples which have been found exceptionally suitable and particularly for dressing cellulose acetate multi-fllament yarn, the following are given;-parts are by weight: Example-I Parts 100 Diethyl cyclohexylamine .lorol sulfate as antistatic agent 5.5 'Dilorol phosphate as the corrosion inhibitor 0.2 I Eugenol as the antioxidant 0.83 Kerosene as the diluent 5.5

Example II Parts Palm kernel oil 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine lorol sulfate as the antistatic .agent 7.8 Dieth'ylcyclohexylamine as the corrosion 0.8 Dilorol" phosphate inhibitors 0.17 Eugenol as the antioxidant 0.8 Lecithinalso as the antioxidant. 3.3

Refinedmineral oil as the diluent. 52

' Example II! Parts Palm kernel oil 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine lorol sulfate as the antistatic agent 5 "Dilorol" phosphate as the corrosion inhibitor Eugenol as the antioxidant 1 Example IV I Y Parts Palm kernel il 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine stearyl sulfate as the antistatic agent 5 Lecithin as the corrosion inhibitor 1 Hydroquinon'e as the antioxidant 1' Example V y 20 Parts Palm kernel oil ...".....L.. 100 Diethylcyclohexylamine cetyl sulfate as the antistatic agent .10 'Ifriethanolamine as the corrosion inhibitor. 1 Alpha naphthol as. the antioxidant 2 Refined mineral oil as the diluent 100 Example VI Parts 'Palm kernel oil 100 Equal mixture of sodiumocenol" sulfate and sodium cetyl sulfate as the antistatic agent a 5 Dilorol phosphate as the corrosion inhibitor 0.1 Beta n aphthol as the antioxidant 0.5

Example l'll 40 I Parts Palm kernel oil '100 Trimethyl stearyl ammonium bromide as the antistatic agent Dilorol" phosphate asv the corrosion inhibitor"; 7 0.1 Diphenylamine' as the antioxidant 1 Example VIII Parts Palm kernel oil 100 A 25% solution of the reaction product of stearic acid and diethanolamine prepared .as described in the first part of Example 7 ofU. 8. Patent 2,096,749 and then treated with dim'ethyl sulfate as described in the a same patent, as the antistatic agent-.." 5 Dilorol phosphate as "the corrosion inhibitor- 0.1 Eugenol as the antioxidant 1 Example IX Parts 5 Palm kernel oil 1 A 25% solution of the reaction product of stearic acid and diethanolamine prepared as described in the first part of Example 7 of U. S. Patent 2,096,749 and then treated with dimethyl sulfate as described in the same patent, as the antistatic agent; 5 Dilorol" phosphate as the corrosion inhibitor 0.1 Lecithin asthe Eugenol antioxidants Example X Parts Palm kernel oil 100 A 25% solution of the reaction product of of U. S. Patent 2,096,749 and then treated with dimethyl sulfate as described in the same patent, as the antistatic agent..-" 7

Eugenol as the antioxidant 1.5 Dilorol phosphate as the corrosion inhibitor 0.2 Refined mineral oil as the diluent 50 Any convenient procedure for mixing the ingredients set forth in the foregoing compositions can be used. It is generally desirable to heat the palm kernel oil to about 40-50 C. to render it completely liquid. (Its melting point is in the neighborhood 'of 30 C.) While agitating and maintaining a temperature between about 40-50 0., the antistatic material is added, and after stirring this mixture for a few minutes the other ingredients, preferably in the following order, are added: the diluent, corrosion inhibitor, and the antioxidant. Throughout this mixing the temperature is maintained above about 40 C. and the mixture agitated. When mineral oil is used as the diluent, it is frequently desirable to dissolve the antioxidant, for example lechithin, therein and then incorporate this mixture in the palm kernel oil-antistatic agent mixture.

It is, of course, understood that while this invention has been described specifically as a dressingcomposition for cellulose acetate yarn, it is suitable for use with other organic acid esters of cellulose, such as on filaments, yarn, threads, and the like produced from cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose acetopropionate, cellulose aceto-butyrate, etc. It may be applied not only-to continuous filament yarn which will be sold and used as such, but also to ropes of continuous filaments which will subsequently be cut or otherwise formed into staple.

The filament, yarn or thread may be treated with this finish in' any suitable manner, such as by means of wiper rolls in contact with the finish and also in contact with the yarn or the like, by means of wicks or by other means known to those skilled in the art. The yarn will preferably be treated so that it contains from 0.5% to 10% by weight of the composition of this invention and more generally from 1.0% to 3.0% of this composition.

The physical properties of palm kernel oil with regard to melting point, viscosity, or some other characteristics, are such that the physical quality of the yarn and the like processed with the dressing composition described herein is better than that of yarn processed with finishes made substantially from mineral oil or other vegetable oils such as olive oil. This improved physical quality of the yarn may come about from a better cohesion of the filaments with increased protection from abrasion, and results in greater freedom from loops, broken filaments, fluff, or other common yarn defects.

The use of palm kernel oil avoids the deleterious oxidation effects associated with the high percentage of unsaturated chemical bonds present in the usual vegetable oils heretofore used in textile processing. Oxidation results in uneven dyeing and reduced tensile strength for the yarns involved. Oxidation can occur on storage, and is accelerated by exposure to radiation such as heat and light, or oxidizing agents such as ozone. Palm kernel oil finishes possess a very desirable resistance to these influences.

Cellulose acetate yarn which has been impregnated by the compositions above described can be readily knit in the usualmanner without difficulty and the knit goods so produced can be easily freed from the dressing composition without deleteriously ,aifecting the yarn. More particularly, the yarn so finished is exceptionally useful as filling yarn in woven goods and can be readily twisted and wound in any suitable form.

It is to be understood that the above description is for purposes of. illustration, and that the invention is not limited thereby but includes raher all modifications and equivalents falling under the terms and spirit thereof as set forth in the following claim.

We claim:

A dressing composition to be applied to filaments, yarns and threads of cellulose acetate which comprises about parts by weight of palm kernel oil, about 7.8 parts of diethylcyclohexyiamine loral" sulfate, about 0.8 part of diethylcyclohexylamine, about 0.17 part of diloro phosphate, about 0.8 parts of Eugenol, about 3.3 parts of lecithin, and about 52 parts or refined mineral oil.

FENTON H. S MORRIS EARL BISHOR. ROBERT M. HOFFMAN.

' P tent No. 2,278Q7L 7 CERTIFICATE o- CORRECTION.

' April 7, 191g. "FENTCN H. SWEZEY, ET AL.

I It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed epejcification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:' Page 2, first. column, line 14.8, before "also'! insert "mayend second column line 714., for "Lecithin" read --Eugenol--; line "75, for "Eugenol" read Lecithin-q page 5, first Column, line 11.5, for "lechithin" read lecithin and sec- 0nd column, line 115, for "raher" read --rather--; line 55, for "loral" read -lorol; line 56, for "parts or" read -parts of--; and that the said Lettere Patent should be read with thie correction therein tha'tfthe '1 same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent {Officer Signed and sealed this 26th day of May, A. D.- 1912.

Henry Van Ars dale,

(Seal) "Acting Commis ioner of Patents.

CERTIFICATE or CORRECTION. Petent No. 2378,71 7. April 7, 19h2.

' FENTON H. SWEZEY, ET AL.

It is hereby "certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows! Page 2, first. column, line 148, before "also" insert may; and second column, line 717., for "Lecithin" read -Eugenol--; line 75, for "Eugenol" read --Lecithin---; page 5, first column, line 1;}, for "lechithin" read -lecithin-; and sec- 0nd column, line 145, for "raher" read -rather; line 55, for "loral" reed -lorol-; line 56, for "parts or" read "parts of--; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 26th day of May, A. D. 19LL2.

Henry Van Arsdale, (Seal) v Acting Commis ioner 'of Patents.