US2274671A - Formation of chromium-containing layers on ferrous surfaces - Google Patents
Formation of chromium-containing layers on ferrous surfaces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2274671A US2274671A US302138A US30213839A US2274671A US 2274671 A US2274671 A US 2274671A US 302138 A US302138 A US 302138A US 30213839 A US30213839 A US 30213839A US 2274671 A US2274671 A US 2274671A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- carrier material
- pieces
- articles
- charged
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 10
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title 1
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 19
- QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K chromium(3+) trichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cr+3] QSWDMMVNRMROPK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 16
- 229910021555 Chromium Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000005254 chromizing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021554 Chromium(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromium(ii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cr]Cl XBWRJSSJWDOUSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940109126 chromous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/06—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases
- C23C10/08—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using gases only one element being diffused
- C23C10/10—Chromising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/28—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using solids, e.g. powders, pastes
- C23C10/34—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation
- C23C10/36—Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation only one element being diffused
- C23C10/38—Chromising
- C23C10/40—Chromising of ferrous surfaces
- C23C10/42—Chromising of ferrous surfaces in the presence of volatile transport additives, e.g. halogenated substances
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process of'produc ing a chromium containing surface layer on ferrous articles.
- aformer proposal in our application Serial No. 219,920, filed July 18, 1938 small pieces of a ceramic material such asporcelain or sillimanite are charged with a chromium chloride compound, particularly chromous chloride, the articles to be treated being surrounded by this carrier material in a container which then will be closed and heated to temperatures of about 900 to 1000 C fora period of time. Since the chromium chloride employed does not act, immediately and freely upon the I articles to be treated but is delivered from the carrier material charged as described above, the cementation of the surface of the ferrous articles proceeds much more uniformly and vigorously than usually.
- the carrier may advantageously consist of porcelain or sillimanite, since-these consist prifurther and important advantage obtained by using porcelain or sillimanite is that they do not contain, or contain only in minute quantities substances, which form compounds with chromium chloride, such for example as alkali or alkaline earth ,silicates. Ceramic which contain considerable amounts of such substances should be avoided, since they render much of the, chromium inope ative and thus render the process uneconomical.
- the carrier material in form of small pieces is charged with the chromium chloride compound by allowing a gaseous chromium chloride to act upon it at temperatures of about 1000 C. for about 4 to. 5 hours, said chromium chloride being produced by passing hydrochloric acid gas over ferrochromium or by vaporizing chromium chloride salt in presence of hydrogen. After being charged the carrier material may then be used as chromizing medium.
- the articles to be chromized are packed into this material and the whole is heated for 4 to 5 hours in a closed'container at temperatures between 950 and 1000 C.
- the process according to the present invention may be performed in the following manner:
- carrier material consisting of sillimanite or porcelain in pieces of 5 to 15 mm.
- the chromium chloride gas may be produced by passing hydrochloric acid gas over incandescent ferrochromium and the carrier material treated with the chromium chloride gas until the material ceases to suffer any considerable change of weight.
- any traces of air in the container will be driven out by a neutral gas or hydrogen, the container being then closed and heated to temperatures of 900 to 1100 C. until the cementation of the surface of the ferrous articles as desired has been accomplished.
- a neutral gas or hydrogen the container being then closed and heated to temperatures of 900 to 1100 C. until the cementation of the surface of the ferrous articles as desired has been accomplished.
- the size of the ceramic materials and ferrocl'iromium pieces depends upon the dimensions .of the articles to be treated. In any case, however, the carrier material and the ferrochromium should have the formof pieces and not of powder or sand, the pieces being always. 01' such a size that the articles to be treated are as far as possible uniformly surrounded by them. It has been found that the most recommendable size both of the ceramic carrier material and of the ferrochromium is from 5 to 15 mm.
- a method of forming chromium-containing layers on ferrous metal articles which comprises packing the article in pieces of ceramic carrier material selected from the group consisting of porcelain and sillimanite charged with chromium chloride and admixed with pieces of ferro-chromum, and heating the mass to a temperature in the neighborhood of 900 to 1100 C.
- a method of forming chromium-containing layers on ferrous metal articles which comprises 3.
- a method of forming chromium-containing layers on ferrous metal articles which comprises packing the article in from 30 to 60 parts by weight of ceramic carrier material selected from the group consisting of porcelain andsillimanite in pieces from 5 to mm. in size charged with chromium chloride and admixed with from 70120 40 parts by weight of term-chromium in pieces from 5 to 15 mm. in size, and heating the mass to a temperature in the neighborhood of 900 to 1100" C. l
- a method of forming chromium-containing layers on ferrous metal articles which comprises charging pieces of ceramic carrier material selected from the group consisting of porcelain and sillimanite' with chromium chloride, packing the ferrous metal article in the charged pieces of ceramic material admixed with pieces of Ierro-. chromium, and heating the mass to a temperapacking the article in from 30 t o; 60 parts by weight of ceramic carrier material selected from the group consisting of porcelain and sillimanite in pieces charged with'chroinium chloride and from '70 to 40 parts by weight of term-chromium in pieces, and-heating the massto a temperature ture in the neighborhood of 900 to 1100 C.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE216018X | 1937-07-21 | ||
| DE2274671X | 1938-11-10 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2274671A true US2274671A (en) | 1942-03-03 |
Family
ID=32094486
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US302138A Expired - Lifetime US2274671A (en) | 1937-07-21 | 1939-10-31 | Formation of chromium-containing layers on ferrous surfaces |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2274671A (en)van) |
| BE (2) | BE429310A (en)van) |
| CH (2) | CH216018A (en)van) |
| FR (1) | FR873702A (en)van) |
| NL (2) | NL56026C (en)van) |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2756166A (en) * | 1951-01-27 | 1956-07-24 | Continental Can Co | Vacuum metallizing and apparatus therefor |
| US2822301A (en) * | 1952-06-03 | 1958-02-04 | Continental Can Co | Vacuum metallizing and apparatus therefor |
| US2874070A (en) * | 1951-05-16 | 1959-02-17 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Method for the formation of diffusion superficial alloys, in particular chromium alloys |
| US3028261A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1962-04-03 | Chromalloy Corp | Chromizing metals |
| US3078192A (en) * | 1959-10-20 | 1963-02-19 | Harry Ernest Rubens | Metal carburizing method |
| US3178308A (en) * | 1960-09-07 | 1965-04-13 | Pfaudler Permutit Inc | Chemical vapor plating process |
| US3276903A (en) * | 1953-02-04 | 1966-10-04 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Heat treatment of metals |
| US3449151A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1969-06-10 | Aircraft Plating Inc | Deposition of metal containing coating from vapor |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1213698B (de) * | 1952-05-02 | 1966-03-31 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Metallueberzuegen auf metallischen Gegenstaenden durch Gasplattieren |
-
1938
- 1938-07-19 CH CH216018D patent/CH216018A/de unknown
- 1938-07-20 NL NL88924A patent/NL56026C/xx active
- 1938-07-22 BE BE429310D patent/BE429310A/xx unknown
-
1939
- 1939-09-06 BE BE436931D patent/BE436931A/xx unknown
- 1939-09-27 CH CH223479D patent/CH223479A/de unknown
- 1939-09-29 NL NL95382A patent/NL57788C/xx active
- 1939-10-31 US US302138A patent/US2274671A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1941
- 1941-07-08 FR FR873702D patent/FR873702A/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2756166A (en) * | 1951-01-27 | 1956-07-24 | Continental Can Co | Vacuum metallizing and apparatus therefor |
| US2874070A (en) * | 1951-05-16 | 1959-02-17 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Method for the formation of diffusion superficial alloys, in particular chromium alloys |
| US2822301A (en) * | 1952-06-03 | 1958-02-04 | Continental Can Co | Vacuum metallizing and apparatus therefor |
| US3276903A (en) * | 1953-02-04 | 1966-10-04 | Onera (Off Nat Aerospatiale) | Heat treatment of metals |
| US3028261A (en) * | 1958-04-24 | 1962-04-03 | Chromalloy Corp | Chromizing metals |
| US3078192A (en) * | 1959-10-20 | 1963-02-19 | Harry Ernest Rubens | Metal carburizing method |
| US3178308A (en) * | 1960-09-07 | 1965-04-13 | Pfaudler Permutit Inc | Chemical vapor plating process |
| US3449151A (en) * | 1965-07-19 | 1969-06-10 | Aircraft Plating Inc | Deposition of metal containing coating from vapor |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL57788C (en)van) | 1946-07-15 |
| FR873702A (fr) | 1942-07-17 |
| CH223479A (de) | 1942-09-15 |
| NL56026C (en)van) | 1944-04-15 |
| CH216018A (de) | 1941-07-31 |
| BE429310A (en)van) | 1938-08-31 |
| BE436931A (en)van) | 1939-12-30 |
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