US2263572A - Electrical resistance element - Google Patents
Electrical resistance element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2263572A US2263572A US300800A US30080039A US2263572A US 2263572 A US2263572 A US 2263572A US 300800 A US300800 A US 300800A US 30080039 A US30080039 A US 30080039A US 2263572 A US2263572 A US 2263572A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- manganese
- electrical resistance
- alloys
- ohms
- resistance element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 9
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethanolammonium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.OCC[NH2+]CCO NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C28/00—Alloys based on a metal not provided for in groups C22C5/00 - C22C27/00
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
Definitions
- This invention relates to electric resistance
- elements prepared from alloys comprising principally manganese and which may be worked into suitable shapes such as sheets, wire, and the like, for use in electrical circuits where various combinations are desired of electrical resistance, temperature coefficients thereof, and mechanical properties such as high strength and modulus of elasticity.
- manganese particularly highly pure manganese such as electrolytic manganese, as hereinafter disclosed, is alloyed with more than about 2% but less than about 25% of another element or elements selected from the group copper and nickel, ductile alloys are obtained which may berolled, drawn or otherwise fabricated into wires, sheets or other suitable shapes.
- Such alloys in the case, quenched or cold worked state in general, have resistances from about 65 10 ohms/cm. to about 200x ohms/cm I have also found that the electrical resistance of these'alloys may, in general, be greatly increased by heat treatment.
- An eflective heat treatment comprises quenching the alloys from between about 800 degrees C. and the melting point and reheating'to temperatures above approximately 300 degrees C. By such treatment, exceptionally high resistances may be obtained.
- thermo-electric force when measured against copper varies from approximately 6 micro ohms per degree to OJat 20% nickel.
- the temperature coeflicient of electrical resistance of these alloys is especially interesting. Some of the quenched and cold worked alloys show temperature coeflicients of electrical resistance higher than 30x10 ohms/ohm/deg. C. In general. the temperature coefficient of electrical resistance of the alloys in this state increases regularly with the manganese content. When the alloys are heat treated to give maximum resistance, the temperature coeflicient falls oil. to an extent roughly proportional to the resistance. With resistances of approximately 500x10 ohms/cm, the temperature coeflicient of electrical resistance is'approximately 3.0x10- ohms/ohm/deg. C. At 1500 10- ohms/cm ⁇ , the
- the extremely high resistance of certain of these alloys coupled with a low I prefer particularly to use pure manganese such as electrolytic manganese and, in the examples of alloys given hereinabove, the manganese employed was electrolytic manganese having a purity of 99.9+ I have found, in general, that dimculty is frequently experienced in obtaining the results which I have described it ordinary commercity sources of silico thermic or alumino thermic manganese are used.
- An electrical resistance alloy capable of being drawn into wire or' sheet form, comprising an alloy containing at least 75% but not more than about 98% manganese, and substantially all of the balance being at least one of the elements selected iron the group consisting of nickel and copper.
- An electrical resistance element comprising an alloy, quenched from a relatively high temperature and aged above 300 degrees C., said alloy containing at least 75% but not more than about 98% manganese, and substantially all of the balance being at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper.
- An electrical resistance alloy capable of being drawn into wire or sheet form, comprising an alloy containing at least 80% but not more than about 98% of a highly purified manganese, having a manganese content of at least 99.5 the balance of the alloy consisting essentially of at least about 2% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
Description
Patente l Nov. 25, 1941 Chicago Development Company, Chicago, 111., a corporation of Illinois No Drawing.
7 claims.
Application October '23, 1939, sci-m No. 300,800
.This invention relates to electric resistance;
elements prepared from alloys comprising principally manganese and which may be worked into suitable shapes such as sheets, wire, and the like, for use in electrical circuits where various combinations are desired of electrical resistance, temperature coefficients thereof, and mechanical properties such as high strength and modulus of elasticity.
I have found that when manganese, particularly highly pure manganese such as electrolytic manganese, as hereinafter disclosed, is alloyed with more than about 2% but less than about 25% of another element or elements selected from the group copper and nickel, ductile alloys are obtained which may berolled, drawn or otherwise fabricated into wires, sheets or other suitable shapes. Such alloys in the case, quenched or cold worked state, in general, have resistances from about 65 10 ohms/cm. to about 200x ohms/cm I have also found that the electrical resistance of these'alloys may, in general, be greatly increased by heat treatment. An eflective heat treatment comprises quenching the alloys from between about 800 degrees C. and the melting point and reheating'to temperatures above approximately 300 degrees C. By such treatment, exceptionally high resistances may be obtained.
The following table is illustrative of alloys produced in accordance with my invention. It will be understood, however, that these examples are in no way to be construed as limitative of my invention, the scope of which is pointed out in the appended claims.
of these alloys is not substantially altered by the heat treatment to improve the electrical resistance. The thermo-electric force when measured against copper varies from approximately 6 micro ohms per degree to OJat 20% nickel.
These alloys, when heat treated to give resistances above 200x10 ohm/cmF, are likely to exhibit some brittleness. They should, therefore, in general, be worked into the final form in which they are to be used before they are given the final heat treatment.
The alloys showing very high resistance (above 300x10 ohms/cm!) do not, in general, have especially attractive mechanical properties. All
of the alloys in quenched, cold worked and heat treated condition, which have resistances of not more than about 200x10- ohms/cm exhibit high strength (of the order of 100,000 lbs. per square inch). In general, they also have high vibration damping capacities in all states.
The temperature coeflicient of electrical resistance of these alloys is especially interesting. Some of the quenched and cold worked alloys show temperature coeflicients of electrical resistance higher than 30x10 ohms/ohm/deg. C. In general. the temperature coefficient of electrical resistance of the alloys in this state increases regularly with the manganese content. When the alloys are heat treated to give maximum resistance, the temperature coeflicient falls oil. to an extent roughly proportional to the resistance. With resistances of approximately 500x10 ohms/cm, the temperature coeflicient of electrical resistance is'approximately 3.0x10- ohms/ohm/deg. C. At 1500 10- ohms/cm}, the
This table illustrates the effect of the presence of copper and nickel. It will be evident that considerable improvement may be obtained in the electrical resistance of alloys containing as much as 20% of either copper or nickel alone.
I have found that the thermo-electric force Reaistaneexmohms/cm. Composition Qucnch- Temperature KC.) to which alloys ing quenched were heated temperaoy turc 0. Mn Ni Cu. 400 600 600 700 800 electrical circuits. The extremely high resistance of certain of these alloys coupled with a low In the practice of my invention, I prefer particularly to use pure manganese such as electrolytic manganese and, in the examples of alloys given hereinabove, the manganese employed was electrolytic manganese having a purity of 99.9+ I have found, in general, that dimculty is frequently experienced in obtaining the results which I have described it ordinary commercity sources of silico thermic or alumino thermic manganese are used. Hence, while in the broadest aspects of my invention, I may use any suitable manganese, I have, nevertheless, found it especially desirable to use high purity manganese, namely, at least about 99.5% pure, in producing ductile alloys of very high manganese content.
While the impurities introduced by the use of ordinary commercial silico thermic or alumino thermic manganese appear to be particularly deleterious, I have found that small amounts of other metals such as zinc, tin, aluminum, iron and chromium do not exert an adverse eifect on.
at least most of the properties of the alloys of my invention.
What I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. An electrical resistance alloy, capable of being drawn into wire or' sheet form, comprising an alloy containing at least 75% but not more than about 98% manganese, and substantially all of the balance being at least one of the elements selected iron the group consisting of nickel and copper.
- 2. An electrical resistance element in the form or a sheet or wire and consisting or a ductile alloy containing at least 90% but not more than about 98% manganese, substantially all of the balance being at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting oi nickel and copper, said resistance element having a temperature coefllcient of electrical resistance 01' at least 10x 10- ohms/ohm/deg. C.
3-. An alloy containing approximately 95% manganese, balance substantially copper and nickel, quenched from a temperature above 800 degrees C., aged at a temperature about 400 degrees C., to produce an alloy having an electrical resistance above 250x10 ohms/cmA 4. An electrical resistance element comprising an alloy, quenched from a relatively high temperature and aged above 300 degrees C., said alloy containing at least 75% but not more than about 98% manganese, and substantially all of the balance being at least one of the elements selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper.
5. An electrical resistance alloy, capable of being drawn into wire or sheet form, comprising an alloy containing at least 80% but not more than about 98% of a highly purified manganese, having a manganese content of at least 99.5 the balance of the alloy consisting essentially of at least about 2% of at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel and copper.
6. An electrical resistance element in accordance with claim 2, wherein the manganese is electrolytic manganese having a purity of at least 99.5%.
'7. An electrical resistance element in accordance with claim 3, wherein the manganese is electrolytic manganese having a purity of at least 99.5%
REGINALD'S. DEAN.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US300800A US2263572A (en) | 1939-10-23 | 1939-10-23 | Electrical resistance element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US300800A US2263572A (en) | 1939-10-23 | 1939-10-23 | Electrical resistance element |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2263572A true US2263572A (en) | 1941-11-25 |
Family
ID=23160648
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US300800A Expired - Lifetime US2263572A (en) | 1939-10-23 | 1939-10-23 | Electrical resistance element |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2263572A (en) |
-
1939
- 1939-10-23 US US300800A patent/US2263572A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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