US2259818A - Burner - Google Patents

Description

oct. 21, 1941. H. E. HENRIKSEN BURNER s sheets-sheet 2 Filed Aug. 29, 1939 INVENTOR. H4@ vnf E Hs/vR/KSEM Oct. 21, 1941. H. E. HENRIKSEN 2,259,818

BURNER Filed Aug. 29, 1959 3 sheets-sheet s JNVENToR. @4eme-Y E.' HE/vR/KSEN.

ATTORNEY.

Patented Oct. 2l, 1941 Harvey Henriksen, Los Gatos, Calif., assgnor to Ray Oil Burner Co., San Francisco, Calif., a corporation of Delaware Application August 29, 1939, Serial o. 292,420

5 Claims.

My invention relates to burners, and more particularly to comercial gasburners of the ring type.

For eiiicient and consequently economical burner operation, it is desirable to have proper and thorough intermixing of gas and air at the proper location, and without force feeding of air whereby undesirable noise and the cost of fan equipment are obviated. My invention is de signed to accomplish this and has as its objects, among others, the provision of an improved commercial ring type gas burner construction in which air is introduced at both the inner andthe outer sides of the burner discharge orifices to enhance of the air and the gas; the furnace opening is of such character and the location of the burnerforices are such that the pressure andthe velocity of the issuing gas create an l inductive effect Vto draw in the air, thereby also enhancing mixing of gas and air and increasing burner efiiciency; the gas discharge orices are in the form of individual jet members designed to cause the gas to flow therefrom at almaximum velocity, which also cooperates in obtaining efii-4 cient mixing of the air and the gas; the gas burner burner, such as an oil burner, to be used', which may be positioned conveniently out 'of the way/ when the gas burner is being employed; and in which the construction is of relatively simple and economical design. vi In general, the burner of my invention comprises a hollow ring having an interior' annular passage and which on onel face thereof has a large number of annularly disposedf-oricesfrom which the gas may ow. Such ring is adapted for positioning in an opening of a furnace, and is made of less diameter than 4that ofthe opening, thereby providing an annular. space between the outer edge of the ring and the wall of such opening. Thus, air can enter the furnace through the furnace opening on both the inner and the outer sides of the 'ring of gas discharge orifices, resultvelocity. vthus further enhancing the inductive effect and making for more thorough mixing.

In some cases, it may be desirable to have auxiliary burner equipment for employment in place of the gas burner. For this reason, the

construction of my gas burner is preferably of such 'character as to enablean auxiliary burner, such as an oil burner, to be used when so desired. The auxiliary burner can 'be readily moved out of the way when the gas burner is employed.

Reference is now made to the drawings for more detailed 'description of the invention, in which: Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a preferred form of burner' construction of my invention, having mounted thereon an auxiliary oil burner which is shown mend elevation out of the way; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, on a reduced scale, showing the oil burner in side elevation,

and in operative position;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary front elevational view of the gas ring looking in the direction of arrow 3 in Fig. 1';

Fig. Viis a longitudinal sectional view through one of the gas jets;

Fig. 5 is -a fragmentary longitudinal section through the gas ring, at the pilot light location thereof, which does not appear in the sections illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2; and

Fig. 6 is a vertical sectional view similar to the section in Fig. l, but of a modified construction.

With reference to Figs. A1 and 2, the burnerl of my invention is shown in conjunction with furnace l having front wall 2,)the inner face of which, is lined with suitable refractory material 3. To

0 cially designed furnace opening passage 6, the

construction of which will be more fully described v hereinafter; any transverse section through such furnace opening 6 being circular. Gas burner -supporting means is provided, comprising suping in efent ntermxng '0f the gas and the 5f porting plate 1 secured to the furnace by means air. The burner opening is preferably in the form of a Venturi passage,` andthe gas-emitting orifices are preferably positioned at the narrow portion or throat of such venturi. This causes including bolts 8, and which is closed'oif at the bottom except for adjustable butterfly valve S which provides a damper for controlling flow of the gas emitted from the orinces to induct more hood member Il.

air than would otherwise be the case, thereby resulting in more efficient intermixing and better combustion. Preferably, the orifices are in the form of individual jet members of l.such design as The gas ring l2 of my invention is generally trapez'oidally shaped in cross section, and is which communicates at comparatively narrow to cause the gas to issue therefrom at a maximumy 55 front face Il .thereof with a plurality of gasemitting orifices I6 in the form of specially designed jets, the construction of which will be described more fully hereinafter.v As can be observed from Fig. 3, such orifices are closely spaced; and they form a ring with the axis of furnace opening 6 as its center. At its rear face I1, ring I2 is securedto a generally conically shaped ring member I8 having a longitudinally extending passage I9 which communicates through port 2| in such rear face I1, with annular passage I3. An annular flange 22 is formed at the rear of ring member I8, and provides means for attachment of the burner to supporting plate 1 by screws 23; a suitable spacer ring 24 of predetermined thickness being inv terposed between flange 2,2 and' plate 1 to provide for proper location of gas-emitting dis- .charge orifices I6 within furnaceopening 6. A coupling 26 is secured to flange 22 and communicates with passage |9; and a gas inlet pipe 21 is connected to the coupling. Thus, gas from the customary gas mains can flow through coupling 26, passage I9, annular ring passage I3. and out of orices I6. Any suitable valve (not shown) may be provided for pipe 21 to control the flow of gas.

Gas ring I2 is of lessdiameter than furnace opening 6, thus providing an annular space 28 between the outer peripheral edge 29 of the burner and the wall of furnace opening 6; Air

v can. hence. flow past damper valve 9, and then in a ring about the outer side of orifices I6.

' Also, air. can flow in a solid stream through the inside of the gas ring .and past the opposite or inner side of orifices I6. Thus, the gas discharge orifices I6` are positioned between two streams of incoming air, which is an important feature of my invention'because it enables the gas to be substantially completely enveloped by the air which causes ready intermixing of the gas and the air, to make for efficient and economical combustion.

The control of the volume`of air owing on the outer side of orices I6 may be readily a'ccomplished by adjustment of damper 8. Means is also provided for controlling the -fiow of air inside of the gas ring past the inner side of orifices I6, comprising plate 3| having a plurality of `apertures 32 and which is flxedly secured by screws 33 to ring member I8. A shaft 34 is fixedly attached at the center of plate 3| and has mounted thereon for slidable axial adjustment, plate 36 having annular flange 31 and hub 38, and which can be held in adjusted xed position on. shaft 34 by set screw 38. Air can thus enter between fiange"31 and plate 3|, and can flow through apertures 32 into the in side of the gas ring. The spacing between plate '36 and plate 3| as determined by the axial posi- -tion of'. plate .36. determines the volume of air that can flow through the inside of the gas ring.

with the gas ring burner of myinvention for use in place of the gas burner when so desired. Any

suitablel` type of auxiliary burner may be em supported for pivtal swinging in a horizontal 'plane on brackets 44 secured to the burner supporting structure. When the oil burner is nct An auxiliary burner is preferably associatedl burner swung in position, as is illustrated in Fig. 2. Under some circumstances, when the gas burner is-employed, it may be desirable to force feed air through'the inside of the gas ring. For this purpose, the oil burner may be positioned'as shown in Fig. 2; and Without igniting the fuely oil, the fan in4 fan casing 42 may be merely operated to createa pressure draft of air. Force feeding of air, although not necessary, may be also employed for the outside stream of air by forcing air past damper 9 by means of any suitable fan. The oil burner.;

instead of being attached to the gas burner,

may be mounted on an independent standard which may be moved to position the burner in the gas ring when so desired.

Means is provided for enabling ready ignition of the gas burner. As indicated in Fig. 5, I employ an ignition burner or pilot light, comprising a tube 5I, the inner end of which communicates with aperture 52 in ring I2. The outer end of the tube 5| communicates with a small pilot jet 53 in turn communicating with gas pipe 54. About jet 53 is a spring pressed apertured air admission plate 56 which is thrustagainst apertured plate 51 fixed to the outer endof tube 5|,

and which can be turned to control the volume of air for the pilot light. To ignite the iilot light, I provide an aperture 58 in plate 3 in alinement with one of apertures 32 to allow insertion of a lighted torch or the like into the interior of the ring. Such aperture 58 may be also employed as a peek or sight opening to allow one to inspect or observe burner. operation. Normally, aperture 58 is covered by a detachably 40 mounted cover plate 53 which can be readily removed when so desired. The gas issuing from jet 53, as is customary with-pilot lights, is lighted all the time; so that by opening of a valve (not shown) for gas inlet pipe 21, the gas issuing from all of oriflces I6 may be readily ignited.

The previously described gas ring arrangement, wherein the gas-emitting orifices I6 are closely spaced in an annularring within the furnace opening 6 and wherein air for combustion is admitted on both sides of such orifices, will provide markedly improved results compared to those of prior commercial gas ring burners with which I am familiar and may be employed alone. However, I have found that more thorough mixing of the air and the gas, and consequentlyA greater efficiency, can be obtained by forming the furnace opening 6 as a Venturi passage with the orifices I6 located in a plane substantially at the narrow portion or throat 6| of such passage. The paro ticular" design of such Venturi passage for any .burner installation Amay be readily calculated accordingito well known gasv formulae. In the commercial installations wherein my burner is now being employed, in environments where the gas is emitted under the customary gas pressures,

y .Iy have found that the frustro-conical surface 32 1 which forms the outwardly taperedwider or rear part of 'such Venturi passage, should for best re` sults beat an angle of betwe'en forty to fty degrees (401:9 50) to the axis of the passage. The

fr'ustro-conical surface 63 which forms the out- `wardly .tapered front or narrower part of such f 4to be used, it can be swimg out'of the way, as 75 from ten to twenty degrees (.10 to 20..) to the axis of the Venturi passage being desirable for best results; and the length of such outwardly tapered front part 63 of the Venturi passage should for best results be at least about four (4) times that of the outwardly tapered rear part 62. In the drawings, the length of the outwardly tapered front part appears less because to shorten the views its entire length is not shown. The diameter of the ring may vary according to the capacity of the furnace; the larger the ring the more gas discharge orifices I6, and hence the greater will be the capacity. However, the gas discharge orifices are preferably of the same character irrespective of ring diameter. Therefore, inasmuch as the inductive leiect is a function ofthe individual orifices, the width of annular space 28 may be the same irrespective of the diameter of the ring, and that of the Venturi passage. Forbest results under the commercial operations above referred to, I nd that the width of space 28 should be about one and onehalf (1l/2) to two (2), and preferably one and three quarters (1%) inches.

As previously stated, the plane in which the discharge ends of orices I6 lie, should bei located substantially at the narrow portion ofv throat 6I inductive effect on the air, and thereby enhance mixing. Preferably, the axes 64' of such orifices should all be inclined outwardly and substantially parallel to the outwardly tapered front surface 53 of the Venturi passage,so that the gas may issue therefrom' in streams substantially parallel a narrower discharge passage or aperture 7,2. Preferably, the junction between aperture 12 and passage 1I should be a conically tapered surface 'I3 having an included angle of between seventy and onehundred and ten degrees ('70 and 110), and preferably ninety degrees (90). Passage 'II may be of any suitable length but the diameter thereof' should not .be much below seven thirty-seconds (372) of aninch; while the ratio of the length of aperture 'I2 to the diameter thereof should be from about one and onehalf to one (1.5/1) to two to one (2/1). l

From the preceding description, it is seen that the gas burner construction of my invention provides for maximum intermixing of air and gas; an important feature contributing to this result being the introduction of air at both sides of the gas-emitting orices I6. The Venturi passage in the furnace opening enhances mixing, because it enables induction of greater quantities of air, and this' is also facilitated by .of the Venturi passage to yprovide for maximum virtue of the true orificeV design of the jets I6 which I preferably employ. Although' for best results, I prefer to employ the combination of these three features, suitable results may be obtained merely by introducing the air at both -'type, which is one of my earlier constructions,

is disclosed in Fig. 6. Such construction is somewhat the same as that previously described, except for certain differences, which to shorten the description will be primarily referred to. The furnace opening 8I is not in the form of a Venturi passage but is merely generally cylindrical in shape; being lined with suitable refrac.' tory material. Gas ring 82 is positioned within such opening 8l and has an annular .interior cates with the orifices 84 formed directly in the videsl excessive-heat at. the rear of the furnace.

If the jets are moved rearwardly, thisshortens" the flame length and gives excessive heat at the front of the furnace.

The front of gas ring I2 is naturally subjected to the deteriorating action of burning'f gas. Therefore, to protect the ring I2, I preferably taper the front part 66 of the inner edge of the ring inwardly from comparatively narrow front face I4; and I cover such part 66 with suitable 4refractory material I31.` Hence, there very little unprotected metal of the ring which is subjected tothe burning gals. Oriflces I6 are preferably formed as detachably mounted individual jet members (Fig. 4) which are made of suitable heat-resistant metal presstted in the narrow front face I4 of the ring. Such jets will thus be better able to withstand the corrosive action e of burning gas; and should they become dam- Y `lated from gas formulae .well known to thoseskilled inthe art. Fig. iillustrates4V the con- 'structior which I have found `satisfactory for commercial installations wherein`my burner, is now` employed and wherein the gas is supplied from gas mains at the usual pressures and velocities.- The jet comprises an' elongated relafront face of ring i82, and'from which gas is emitted. Air can flow in an annular path 85 at the outer lside of orces 84` through adjustable shutter or damper 86; and the inside stream vof air can be controlled by adjustable plate 81 e tioned within such opening, said ring being of less diameter than the diameter of said openingv to provide an annular space for iiow of air at the outer side of said orifices, means for controlling the flow of air to such annular space,

said ring allowing ow of air therethrough past the inner side ofsaid-oriilces, and means independent of said first mentioned control means for controlling the latter flow of air.

2. In a burner construction, a furnace wall provided with an opening, a gas ring having a plurality of annularly disposed gas discharge orliices positioned within such opening and which is of less diameter than the vdiameter of such opening to provide an annular space for ilow of .air at'the outer side of said briilces, said opening being inthe form of a Venturi passage having a throat portion and a front surface tapering outwardly from said throat portion, and said orices being in a plane substantially at said throat portion and having their axes substantially parallel to' said tapering surface.'

means for 'controlling the now of air through tively wide passage 'II which communicates with 3. A gas burner construction for a furnace having a wall provided with an opening, comprising a ring having a-n annular interior passage, a comparatively narrow front face. a wall ntapering inwardly from said face, a plurality of annularly disposed gas discharge orices `in the form of individual jet members secured to said comparatively narrow front face, and refractory material over saidlinwardly tapering wall; said ring being of less diameter than the diameter of said furnace opening and being adapted for positioning within said opening to provide an annular space between the wall of said opening and said ring, and said jet members being positioned with their axes inclined outwardly.

4. In a burner construction, a furnace wall provided with an opening, a. gas ring having a plurality of annularly disposed gasy discharge orices positioned within such opening, said ring allowing ow of air .therethrough past the inner side of said orifices and being of less diameter than the diameter of said opening to provide for ow of air past the outer side oisaid oriilces; means for controlling the ow of air past said inner side of said oriilces; and means for controlling the flow of air past said-outer side of said orifices; said opening being in the form of a Venturi passage to enhance air induction and said- Yorifices being in a plane substantially at ther 5 Vthroat of said Venturi passage.

5. In a burner construction, a furnace wall provided with an opening, a ges ring having a plurality oi.' annularly disposed gas discharge orifices positioned within such opening and 1n which is of less diameter than the diameter of such opening to provide anannular space for l flow of air at the outer side of said oriilces. said opening being in the form of a Venturi passage having ,a throat portion from which extend a i5 rear outwardly tapering surface and a front outwardly tapering surface, and said oriilces being in the form of individual jet members secured to said ring and having their discharge ends in a plane substantially at such throat portion, the i 20 axes of said jet members being inclined outy wardly land substantially parallel in said front outwardly tapering surface of said Venturi passage,I means for controlling the i'iow of air through said annular space past the outer side 25 of said orices, said ring allowing -ow of air therethrough past the inner side oi said oriilces, 'and means independent oi said ilrst mentioned control means for controlling the iiow of air past l the inner side of said oriiices. 4

Images