US2257629A - Manifold - Google Patents

Description

l sept. 3o, 1941.

N. E. WAHLBERG MANIFOLD Filed April 19, 1939 Patented Sept. 30, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,257,629 MANIFOLD Nils Erik Wahlberg, Kenosha, Wis., assignor to Nash-Kelvinator Corporation, Kenosha, Wis., a corporation of Maryland Application April 19, 1939, seria1N0.26s,ss6

1o anims. (c1. 12s- 122) and which is to be `taken as illustrative rather as than limiting the` invention:

Figure 1 is a partial plan view of an internal combustion engine containing the invention, certain `parts being broken away in order more clearly to illustrate the construction;

Figure 2 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken substantially upon a plane as indicated by the line 2--2 of Figure 1 looking in the direction of the arrows; and,

Figure 3 is an end elevational View partially in section upon a plane as indicatedby the line 3-3 of Figure 1 and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Referring more specifically to the drawing in which similarreference characters are employed to designate similar parts, the invention is shown as applied to an internal combustion engine Vof eight cylinders of the overhead valve type. 'I'he engine which is designated generally at I0 comprises amotor block I2 which may be of cast iron and provided with the usual cooling water passageways I4 and finished cylinders I6 within which are received pistons I8 connected by means of wrist pins and connecting rods 22 to a crank shaft (not shown). Suitable piston rings22 are employed for effectively sealing the piston to the cylinder walls. The block is also provided with a valve lifter passageway 24 within which valve lifters 26 may be actuated by a cam shaft (not. shown), the upper ends of the valve lifters 26 being provided with head members 28 which are adapted to bear against adjustable stops30 carried by rocker arms 32 pivoted upon the; rock shaft 34 andhaving depending arms 36 which are adapted to contact the upper ends 38 of valves 40 to depress the same and lower them away from their seats 42. A washer 44 engaging a groove (not shown) in the upper end of the valve stem provides a seat against which the upper end of a valve spring 46 rests, the lower end ofthe spring resting against the upper surfaceof the cylinder head 48, which also supports the rock shaft 34 `from suitable lugs 50. The l valvestem 38 Vpasses through a guide `52 in the cylinder head 48.

It will be understood that the construction above described is the same for both intake and exhaust valves, it being only necessary to employ slightly"` different materials in the heads of the valves 40 and to employ different timing for intake and exhaust valves. l

The `head 48 is also provided with a laterally projecting portion 54 which contains the intake and exhaust manifold passages. The intake manifold passages comprise two longitudinally extending channels`56 and 58 which are formed in the upperisurface of the cylinder headextension 54, thechannel `56 being of less extent than the channel 58 and 'positioned approximately midway of the length of the channel 58. The forward Yand rear portions of the channel 56 are connected to transversely extending passageways or ports for distributing a fuel and air mixture to the intake valves of cylinders number 3, 4, 5; and6, such lateral passages 6U lying beneath the surface of the 'head 4l) andextending downwardly at an angle to the valve area, as illustrated more clearly in Figure 3. At its central portionV thechannel 56 is enlarged as at 62 for a purpose to be hereinafter explained.

, Themanifold channel 58 extends longitudinally of the, cylinder head `48 and has its end portions extending diagonally inwardly as at 59 toward the principal axis of the motor for the purpose of saving material. At the ends of the channel 58 passageway 64 extends downwardly and inwardly to the region of the intake valves 40 for cylinders I, 2, 1 and 8. The central portion of the channel 58 is also provided with an enlarged portion 66 similar to the enlarged portion at 62 of the channel 56.

t this central point and above the channels 56 and 58 there is secured a carburetor provided with a plurality of jets 'lil which are divided by a central partition l2 `for the purpose of fe'edingair and fuel mixture separately into i understood that suitable connections to the rock to which these ports 86 extend is provided with a partially cylindrical surface 90 against which a tubular exhaust gas collecting conduit 9t2 may be secured as by means of =clamps 94which areA drawn toward the cylindrical surface 90 bymeans of screws 96. clamps 94 have a partially cylindrical surface It will be understood that ther in engagement with the conduit 92 so as to exert a pressure against the conduit 92 suflicient to cause itslsurface to conform to the nished surface 90 upon the cylinder headwithout causing distortion or deformation of the tube 92 itself. It` willalso be understood that the tube 92 is provided with apertures 98 adjacent each port 86'in order that the exhaust gases may readily pass into the tube 92. One end of the tube 92 is provided with a cap |00 which may be secured thereto as by welding for the purpose of closing olf such end of the tube. The opposite end of the tube 92 extends to the usual muffler (not shown) through which the exhaust gases are passedprior to exhausting to the atmosphere.

:It will be recognized that the enlarged portion 62 and 66 Within the channels 56 and 58 provide astorage reservoir within which small quantities of fuel and air mixture may be retained against an emergency. These enlarged portions also serve `'to permit turbulence of the fuel Vand air mixtureas it issues from the carburetor into the channels 56 and 58 while the passages 56 and 58 are narrovvedaway from the central portion in order to provide a smooth flow of fuel therein and to reduce such turbulence. The cylinder head `is provided with water passageways |02 which surround the valves 40 and communicate with the passageways I4 in the cylinder block for the purpose of conducting heat from the cylinder `and from aroundthe valve and head surfaces in order to conduct the heat thereof to aradiator for dissipation of the same in the usual manner. It will also be noted that the passageways |02 and particularly that passageway indicated at |02 in Figurel 3 serve to conduct the cooling liquid around the manifold channels 56 and 58 for the purpose of raising the temperature of the entering fuel and air mixture to the' operating temperature of the engine thus providing maximum operating efficiency for the engine.

The valve rocker mechanism may be covered by means of-a cap |04 which extends thereover andl is seated against a gasket |06 supported upon the upper surface of the head `48. Cap screws |08 may be employed to secure the cover in place.

The firing order of the motor illustrated in the drawing Will be 1, 6, 2, 5, 8, 3, 7, 4, thus requiring the cylinders to draw fuel alternately from the channels'56 and 58 and imposing no load upon one channel whereby it would be required to supply two successive charges of fuel and air mixture to two different cylinders in the bank fed by its channel. Accordingly, the impulses within each of the channels 56 and 58-Will com- 'and 64 follow this same pattern of charge drawing.` On the other hand, when the direction of flow within the manifold channels 56 and 58 is "reversed as betweenintake of cylinders No. 2

vand No. 8,'Y fuel feeding to cylinder number 5 is 'interposed and provides an opportunity for the mixture flowing within the channel 58 to reach a stage of. equilibrium in order that it may readily reverse its flow.

It' will thus be seen that a manifold has'been provided which will function in an efficient manner to distribute fuel to the cylinders, and that this manifold will be heated by the cooling liquid flow through the motor and cylinder vhead'to raise the temperature of thefuel andair mixture to that of the motor block wherebymore efcient combustion will be obtained.

Although the invention has been described in` considerable detail, this description is not to be taken as limiting but merely as illustratingthe best known method of practicing `the invention. All equivalents falling Within the scope of the attached claims are reserved. 1

I claim:

l. In an internal combustionv engine, a cylin` der head, a valve mechanism Within the cylinder head and operative to admit quantities of fuel and air mixture to the motor, a manifold fordistributing fuel and air mixture to the intake' valves including a pair of longitudinally extending, spaced channels formed in and open on the upper surface of the head, eachof said channels' having its ends connected to a plurality of cylinders for the purpose of distributing. fuel thereto.

Y 2. A manifold for distributing a-fuel and air mixture to an internal combustion `engine cornprising channels formed in a portion of the engine, a removable cover plate for said channels, branches connectingA the ends of said vchannels to intake valves, and cooling liquid passages exV tending about and in contact-with said channels and said branches to raise the temperature of' the same and of the mixture flowing therealong to the temperature of the motor.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylinder block, a cylinder head secured to said cylinder block and containing Vvalve mechanism for admitting charges of fuel and air to the cyl` inders and exhausting spent gases from the' cylinders, intake manifold channels arranged in the upper surface of said cylinder head and having their ends terminating in branches leading to the intake Valves of said engine and horizontally extending exhaust channels extending to a' lateral surface of said cylinder block, said branches extending inwardly and downwardly to the vicinity of said intake valves, and said exhaust ports extending laterally below said intake channels'.v

4. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type, a motor block, cylinders formed in said motor block, a cylinder head for said motor block, `an intake manifold formed as an open channel in the upper surface of-said cylinder head and extending longitudinally of said head, branch passages in said cylinder head extending laterally and downwardly from said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, means for closing said manifold, and a carburetor located above said manifold and adapted to discharge downwardly into said manifold.

5. In an internal combustion engine motor parts including a motor block and a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block, an intake manifold formed as an open channel directly in an upper surface of one of said motor parts and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages in said motor part extending laterally from said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, means for closing said channel, and a carburetor located above said manifold and discharging downwardly thereinto, said carburetor being supported by said closing means.

6. In an internal combustion engine motor parts including a motor block and a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block, an intake manifold formed directly in an upper surface of one of said motor parts and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages in said motor part extending laterally from said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, a carburetor located above said manifold and discharging downwardly thereinto, and exhaust passages in said motor part extending laterally beneath said manifold and connecting said cylinders with an exhaust manifold secured to a side surface of said motor part.

7. In an internal combustion engine of the over-head valve type, a motor block, cylinders formed in said motor block, a cylinder head for said motor block, an intake manifold formed in the upper surface of said cylinder head and extending longitudinally of said head, branch passages in said cylinder head extending laterally and downwardly from said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, and exhaust passages formed in said head and extending laterally beneath said manifold and connecting said cylinders with an exhaust manifold secured to a side surface of said head.

8. In an internal combustion engine of the overhead valve type, a motor block, -cylinders formed in said motor block, a cylinder head for said motor block, an intake manifold formed in the upper surface of said cylinder head and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages in said cylinder head extending laterally and downwardly Afrom said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, a carburetor located above and discharging downwardly into said intake manifold, and exhaust passages formed in said head and extending laterally beneath said intake manifold and connecting said cylinders with an exhaust manifold secured to a side surface of said cylinder head, the flow of fuel and air mixture from said carburetor to said cylinders being always downward or horizontal and never upward to distribute fuel and air mixture to said cylinders in the most efcient manner.

` 9. In an internal combustion engine, motor parts including a motor block and a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block,` an intake manifold formed directly in an upper surface of one of said motor parts and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages formed in said motor part and extending laterally from said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, and exhaust passages formed in said motor part and extending laterally beneath said intake manifold and connecting said cylinders with an ex` haust manifold secured to a side surface of said motor part, said exhaust passages and said intake manifold being provided at least in part with common walls whereby heat from the exhaust gases is transmitted directly to the fuel and air mixture in the intake manifold.

l0. In an internal combustion engine, motor parts including a motor 4block and a cylinder head, cylinders formed in said motor block, an intake manifold formed directly in an upper surface of one of said motor parts and extending longitudinally thereof, branch passages formed in said motor part and extending laterally from said manifold and communicating with said cylinders, and exhaust passages formed in said motor part and extending laterally beneath said intake manifold and connecting said cylinders with an exhaust manifold secured to a side surface of said motor part, said exhaust passages and said intake manifold being provided at least in part with common walls whereby heat from the exhaust gases is transmitted directly to the fuel and air mixture in the intake manifold, and another portion of the walls of said exhaust passages being surrounded by cooling fluid passageways which also extend into heat transfer relation with said intake manifold.

NILS ERIK WAHLBERG.

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