US2256926A - Fluid compressor - Google Patents

Description

fl".` MANISCALCO FLUID ctmPREssoR.

Filed July- 17, 1940 sept. 23, 1941.

j Sept. 2 3, 1941. P. lvmNlsciALczo` l FLUID comREssoR l Filed July 17, 1940 2 sheetsvsheet Patented Sept. 194,1

UNITED .STATES PATENT oFFlcE 2,256,926 FLUID coMrnEsson 'e riem Mmmm, chicago, n1.

Application .my 17, mo, serial No. 345,951; In Canada December fi, 193i)- 2 exilim.4 (ci. 23o-200)' This invention relates to` an improved fluid compressor, and more especially to a compressor unit of the multistage type;A

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a novel compact compressor of a simplied and economical construction, capable of speedily 4producinga high stage of compression, the same being preferably accomplished by producing a two-stage compression with each complete piston stroke, by the use of a primary and a secondary piston.

Another object of this invention is to provide a release or bypass for any back-pressure that may an etllcient compressor ofv this kind which is especially adapted for usel with refrigeration and ai:I conditioning devices.

These and various other objects and advandrawings wherein the inventlonlis illustrated in its preferred form, it being apparent that various -ltages are attained with this invention, as will 'become apparent from the following description, -talren in connection with the accompanying other arrangements and forms of construction may be adopted for carrying out purposes of this invention.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is aplsn viewof a compressor embodying the present invention in its preferred form of construction.

the objectsA and;

"Figs, 2 and 3 are enlarged vertical sectional views of the improved compressor, taken on lines 2-2 and 3 3, respectively.

The form of this invention disclosed herein i embodies a compact sealed compressor unit,` which is shown as being of the multistage type.

It comprises a casing or housing including upstanding walls 6, 1, I and l which are integral with each other and are integral with the base I0 wherefrom they arise, flanges or other suitable means II being provided on the base for' mounting the compressor on a suitable support. The two opposite walls t and l have integral sleeves I2 and Il extending in opposite directions therefrom, providing cylinder chambers I2', Il' -f5 bearing collarll which is-re/i/iovably mounted'- of a drive shaft 21.

therein. These cylinders have their longitudinal axes aligned, and the cylinder I2 is larger than the cylinder I3 and forms the primary compression cylinder-,while the cylinder I3 forms the secondary compression cylinder.

Closure members or cylinder heads I4 and I5 are removably mounted onV the outer ends of cylindersl I2 and I3, respectively, being preferably threaded thereon and supplied with a sealing gasket,v to provide a tight closure. An inlet pipe It is connected to head Il, and an outletpipe Il is connectedto head I5, check valves I8 and I8 being mounted in suitable pockets provided in heads Il and I5 to admit the passage of fluid in only one direction, from pipe I6 to pipe II.-

The piston means herein is provided in the form of a piston unit 2I which comprises at its.

opposite ends4 a larger primary piston 22 and a smaller secondary piston 23, iltting snugly and operating in the cylinder chambers I2 and I3', respectively, and they are provided with suitable 'pistorrrings Said pistons 22 and'23 contain in their ends pockets 24 and 25, respectively, having check valves 26. and 21 therein. A'bore 28 extends thru the piston unit 2|", from pocket 2l to pocket 25, preferably extending straight along.

the longitudine1 axis of saidunit.v

Thisyarrangement of the cylinders and pistons provides a larger compression chamber I2', to eilect the primary compression, and from which the fluid isforced thru the bore 28 into the secondary chamber Il', where itis then subjected to a higher stage of compression, and is therefrom delivered to outlet pipe I1 for use. This construction thus produces a two-stage compression with each complete piston stroke.

The-means provided for driving or reciprocat' in g the piston unit 2l is of a compact form and has its essential operating .means or movable members housed Withimthe casing, the same comprising a reciprocating member 3| which is substantially cup-shaped and is secured to a flat'- tened side portion 32 of the intermediate part or body of piston unit 2I,` by the use of screws or the like, as best shown in Fig; 2 of the drawings;`v

while a companion rotary member I3 engages member 3l for reciprocating the same. Said member 2i includes a laterally extending pe'l ripheral flange 34 which provides a continuous. inner bearing surface or guide surface 2l therein, vand over itA travels the rotaryvmember M the inner end which is. secured eccentrically on The drive shaft a1 is 'rotatablymountea 1n a invwall 9 of the casing, preferably by threading it in a threaded opening provided in wall 9, said wall being for that purpose made of considerable thickness. A stuiling nut 42 ls threaded on the outer end of said collar and contains sealing rings 43 therein. -The shaft extends beyond the nut and has a member thereon for driving it, for

allowing the air under pressure to pass freely upwardly around andover said marginal part i! up into channel BI.

Cooling fins 1I are preferably also provided to extend radially from the cylinders i2 and I3 and from the heads I4 and I5. to facilitate the ready dissemination of heat away from this compressor.

The construction is simpleand durable and facilitates convenient installing and replacing of the mechanism in the casing. The piston unit 2l is inserted thru the larger cylinder I3 and the reciprocating member 3I is introduced thru `the open top and is secured to the part 32 of the piston unit. 'I'he bearing collar 4I with its shaft is thus readily installed and also detached. r

Other sealing means is likewise included wherever needed in order to provide a iiuid tight casoperating parts or movable members of the compressor; while improved means for distributing the lubricant may furthermore be provided,-

which preferably comprises one or more splash :fingers 54 extending radially from the shaft within the casing, so as to lift and splash the lubricant upwardly over the operating members 33 and 34 and the bearings 46, and. also over the pistons, especially when the lubricant is no longer standing of suicient height to reach the bearings.

Chamfers or bevels 55 are provided in the' casing, on the joining edge portions between the casing wall and its cylinder chamber I2', and between the casing wall 8 and its cylinder chamber i3', as shown in Fig. 3. These chaxnfers are effective in draining off excessive lubrication on the pistons and to allow the same to flow back into the lower part of the casing. They serve to keep the lubrication on the pistons at a proper minimum amount, and they also aid in preventing lubricant from getting into the outlet pipe I1.

Provision is 'moreover made herein to take care of any compressed air that may ieak from the cylinder chambers past the pistons into the casing, and to provide a release for any back-pressure produced in the casing during reciprocation of the two diierent sized pistons. For this purpose a bypass is provided to receive any such compressed air that may be present in the casing and to convey it from the casing to the inlet conduit or the inlet head, and this bypass preferably comprises an escape channel 6I provided thru the cover 5I, and a pipe or conduit 62 connected at one end to channel 5I, and at the other end to inlet pipe I6 adjacent head I4, having asleeve A deecting member 56. which is substantially in the form of a baiile plate, ,is furthermore provided underneath cover Si. It is shown detachably secured thereto by suitable elements 61, but it may also be cast integral therewith. Said plate is spaced from the cover by spacers 68, and it has its marginal portion i9 curveddownward and spaced from the casing walls, in order to provide a deflecting marginal part for directing oil sprays 3l mounted therein and carrying the reciprocating member 33 and splash ngers 54 is then secured in the wall 9 bringing member 33 in operative position in ilange means 34; and the cover 5i with its deiiecting member 6B is secured on the top of the casing, thus sealing the casing air-tight and fluid-tight, while the bypass means is secured on the device as indicated above.

'I'his construction provides a compact compressor including a sealed casing for retaining lubrieating means wherein the operating members of the compressor function, and for continuously lubricating the contained movable parts. Furthermore, in case any compressed air leaks past either piston into the casing, or any back-pressure results in the casing due to the different sizes of the two pistons operating therein, then, assoon as such pressure is greater than atmospheric or than that in inlet pipe I6, then the bypass `will conduct such air from the casing to the inlet pipe; and the spring of the spring-held valve 64 is also made ofthe proper tension to permit said valve to open when the airpressure in the casing is slightly higher than atmospheric or is at the particular pressure intended.

I claim:

l. A compressor comprising a closed casing containing integral upright walls with an integral bottom thereon and an openable cover, two opposite walls being provided with two opposltely extending cylinders, a piston unit in the casing including a pair of oppositely extending pistons rcciprocable in said cylinders, valved closure means on the ends of the cylinders, operating means including a member detachably connected to the piston unit and a. drive shaft having a member thereon which engages the last said member for reciprocating it and the piston unit, a bearing collar detachably mounted in an opening provided in one of said walls and having the shaft journaled therein, said collar with the drive shaft and the member thereon being readily removable and insertable thru said wall opening, fluid conducting means to conduct compressed uid out -of the casing that may occur therein, and lubricant deiiecting means 'mounted in the casing to prevent lubricant from getting inte said fluid conducting means.

2. A compact multmtage compressor which comprises a closed casing including integral upright walls and integral bottom thereon and an openable cover, two opposite walls being provided .with a pair of integral outwardly extending cylinders, one being larger than the other, a closure head -wit-h an Vinlet valve on the larger cylinder and a closure head with an outlet valve on the smaller cylinder, a piston unit in the casing including a body having a larger and a smaller piston extending in opposite directions therefrom and being reciprocable in said cylinders, a valved downward into the easing. and at the same time channel centrally vthru the piston unit lproviding a passage from the larger to the-smaller cylinder, operating means including a reciprocating member having a continuous bearing ange and being detachably secured to said body, a rotary member engaging said member and provided with a drive shaft extending from the casing, for reciprocating the piston unit, bypass means extending from Y the cover to conduct compressed uid lfrom the casing'ad :nto communication with the met head on the larger cylinder, lubricant raising means provided on the shaft, and lubricant deecting means between said raising means and 5 said cover toprevent lubricant from entering the bypass. y a

PIETRO MANISCALCO.

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