US1549064A - Gas compressor - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 11, 192.5. y

G. J. COOKE CTAS CBMPRESSOR Filed June 2.3-, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 -ug. 1.1, 1925. .l

G. J. COOKE GAS COMPRESSOR Filed June 23,. 192.4

4v Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Aeg. 11, 1925. l

UNITED srn'nezsv e/A's COMPRESSOR.

.i Applicatoniled June 28, 1924. Serial jNo. 721,682.

To all lwhom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, GEORGE J. COOKE, a citizen. of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Gas Compressors, of which the following is a specification.

This application is in some respects a division of ,my prior application, Serial No. 029,392, filed April 2, 1923. In other respects, it is an improvement thereon.

This invention relatesto refrigerating apparatus of the type employing a refrigeratiug medium which, in the operation of the apparatus, is caused to .become compressed and thereafter condensed to reduce it to liquid condition, and in such liquid condition is expanded into a conduit for effecting, in the expanding thereof, the extraction of heat from the atmosphere or liquid, such as brine, as the case may be, in contact with the walls of the conduit, andV is thereafter re-comprcssed and recondensed for again producing the refrigerating effect.

The primary object is to provide a novel, simple and inexpensive construction of ap# paratus of the character above stated, which may be operated economically and danger of impairment of which will be reduced to the minimum. A further object is to provide for the production of any desired degree of refrigeration, whether it be a high, low or any'desired intermediate temperature, Within the limits of the refrigeratin-g medium employed, without requiring adjustment of any of the..parts of the apparatus for the different degrees of refrigeration, and without danger of flooding the system. A still further object is to provide an apparatus which may, at will, be used for efectingfthe refrigerating function in connection with different characters of work being performed, as for example refrigerating a domestic ice box and an ice cream freezer, which require different degree of refrigeration, and without danger of flooding thel apparatus with refrigerating liquid thereby preventing accidents and rendering the apparatus operable at the minimum expense and attention; and other objects as will be manifest from the following'description.

Referring to the accompanyingv drawings: Figure 1 is an external side elevation and Figure 2 is a plan view of mechanism illustrating4 this invention in its'preferred form.

LPM1:1111'elf-Fusie()l Figure 3 is a transverse section on the l irregular line y3--3 of Figure'2.

Figure 4 is a vertical sectional elevation of a combined compressor and condenser embodying certain features of the Invention.

'Figure 5 is a section taken at the line 5--5 l on Figure 4, as seen inftheudirection of the" arrows.

Figure 6 is a plan section taken at the line 6--6 on Fig. 5.

Figure 7 is a reduced size end view of the machine taken from the left of Figures 1 and 2.

The combined compressor `and condenser, the details of which are sho-wnmore particularly in Figures 4, 5 and 6, 'involves in the particular form thereof illustrated, a base 10 surmounted centrally b a hollow crank case casting 12, there being formed in the top of' the casting an oil retaining ditch or trou-gh'14, adapted to conne any oil or lother liquid which may escape from the compressor.y Inside the casting 12 are walls 16 defining a crank-case chamber 18, and compartments20 and 22 provided with removable closures 24 and26, respectively. Compartment 22 is provided with a drain passage 28 leading into crank case chamber 18. Theapparatus now being described is this compartment, to this end, being shown as communicating, at the inlet 30, with aV pipe 32 leading to the outlet of the refrigerating coil, hereinafter referred to. The cylinder ofthe compressor represented at 34 is provided adjacent its lower end with an annular, peripheral ange 36, resting upon annular washer 38 on the top of the casting 12, being secured in place by sultable lag-screws 40. The lower portion of the cylinder 34 extends at its portion 42 into the reduced upper end portion 44 of the crank-case 18. The piston 46 of the compresser, reciprocal in the cylinder 34, i s connected by pitman 48 with a cra 1n 49, eccentric to crank-shaft 50, journale at its e crank-case 18. Crank shaft 50 is pro- vided at its outer end with a drive pulley 52 for driving-the compressor. rllhe shaft ends are 'the portions thereof at which it is journaled in the Walls of the compartment by conventional, anti-friction devices 54 and 56.

. Anti-friction device 54, specifically a ball patentv application, Ser. February 24, 1923, the washer and ring combearing, is operatively carried by a box 58, screw-threaded at into 'a suitable opening in the side of crank-case casting 12, and bears against washer 62. Inside this box 58 and behind the anti-friction device 54 is a seal ring 64 and washers `66 and 68 fully shown, described and claimed in my prior No. 620,922, filed bining and operating to certainly prevent the passage of any lubricant or ammonia gas or the like from chamber 18 along the surface of shaft 50 or between ring 64 and abutment in box 58 out of the compressor mechanism. This ring-and washer device does not, however, prevent the passage of lubricant from the crank-case 18 and the anti-friction ball mechanism 56 into an oil chamber 72 in box 58, and about ring 64 from which oil chamber a conventional form of oil conveying washer or wiper 74 carries the,oil up over the seal ring 64 as is desirable for the successful operation of the device.

The opposite anti-friction mechanism 54, carrying the opposite end 50a of shaft 50 is similarly mounted in a box 76 screwthreaded at 78 into the adiacent wall of crank-case casting 12 against washer 80. This box 76 is provided in its central portion behind the anti-friction device 54 with an oil chamber 82 like chamber 72 in box 58.

In order to provide means for forcing the shaft 50 and attached mechanism to the right as viewed in Figure 4, in order to secure suflicient bearing of the seal ring 64 against the abutment 70, as heretofore described, shaft end 50a is provided at its end -v -with a cylindrical recess 84 containing a compression spring 86 bearing at its inner end on a washer 88 preferably but not necessarily resting on an anti-friction ball 90 and bearing at its outer or left hand end on a washer 92 sliding on a post 94 projecting from the inside of the back or left hand Iwall of box 76 axially of shaft 50. This Washer 92 and the spring 86 are retained .in

operative position when the entire shaft mechanism is removed from the compressor or when box 76 is-removed from the compressor wall 'while' the shaft is still in the machine by means of a nut 96 screw-threaded on theend 50 of shaft 50 but perforated as shown in Figure 4 `tov freely slip over post 94. In the operation of this mechanism just described, the sprin 86, acting on Washer 92v as a stationary ase always tends to move the shaft 50 to the right as viewed in-Figure 4, thus forcing the seal ring 64 aga-inst abutment 70 of box 50tl and making a )roper oil and gas seal about that portion yofl'shaft 50 which necessarily protrudes, from the compressor case in order to permit ofv its carrying driving pulley 52.

The'wall of the crank-case 18, adjacent the upper extremity of the compartment 22, contains a port 98 opening into this compartment and also into a channel 100 provided in' the outer periphery of the lower` end of the cylinder casting 34, this channel extending around the cylinder 34 and communicating with passage 102 in the wall of the casting 34, forming the gas inlet, opening into the cylinder bore 103 interior of the cylinder casting 34, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Inlet 102 is opened to the interior 103 of the cylinder only during the inal movement of the piston to its lowermost position, and in such inal lowermost position, the top of the uppermost piston ring does not extend below the lowermost edges of the inlet.

The apparatus now being described also comprises a condenser element shown in the form of a coil 104 surrounding the cylinder 34 and housed within a casing member 106, resting at its upper end on washer 108 in annular notch 110 in the upper end of cylinder 34 and resting at its bottom on annular washer 112 on the top of upper flange 114 of casting 12, being drawn into tight connection on both washers through lag screws 116 or the like entering the fla-nge 114. The lower end of the condenser coil 104 communicates with an opening 118 located in the top of the compartment 20 whereby the condenser discharges into this compartment. The upper end of the condenser terminates in a coupling 120 by which it is connected with a discharge Outlet 122 of a chamber 124 of greater diameter than piston 46 contained in the upper end of the cylinder 34. This chamber communicates with the interior 103 of the cylinder 34 by a port 126 in plate 128, closing the top ofthe cylinder, and the port being controlled by an outwardly-opening check valve 130 located in an enlargement in plate 128 above port 126. The valve 130 is provided with a spring 132, releasably holding the valve to its'seat. The upper end of the spring 132 extends into a recess 134 provided in the under side o f a valve plug 136 which screws into the threaded, upper end of the chamber 134, this plug being provided with an annular flange at its periphery which screws down upon an annular washer 140 let into a suitable recess, bordering chamber 124 formed in theupper end of cylinder casting 34. The plug 136 contains a passage 142 therethrough which opens at one end into the chamber 124 and e at its outer end to the atmosphere, this passage being provided with a valve device 144 adapted to control the flow of gas through the passage 142, The: valve device 144is a purge valve and is provided for the purpose of aiiordin a ventlfor suchy foreign gases as may exlst in the apparatus, it being understoodl that after such gases are vented from the system, this valve is manually closed by applying a wrench to noncircularfbolt head 146.. e

Plate 128 forming the bottom of chamber 126 is detachably held in place at the upper end ofthe piston chamber of the cylinder casting 34 by a nut-like plate 148 engagingv the screwl threaded wall 150 of chamber 124. The upper projecting part 152 is noncircular, or the like, so as to be engaged by a wrench to thereby rotate plate 148 over said threads1j50ly Member 148 is centrally perforated, as shown, to allow free movement of spring 132 there-through.

By removing members 128, 148 and 136 in obvious manner, piston 46 can in assembling the mechanism be inserted in and removed from the u per end of the cylinder 34. Furthermore, y thus providing a piston bore 103 for the cylinder initially open at both ends, the bore can be more easily, cheaply and accurately machined than where the upper end'is cast closed as in the construction of said prior application.

The receptacle -20 for the condensed gas and `from which the liquefied lgas is conducted to the refrigerating coil, not shown, is provided with an outlet 154.

ln'order to use the machine of this invention, heretofore described, in a refrigerating system, it is necessary `that power be applied by means of a belt 156 or the like and, as refrigerating apparatus of this class is now sold for installation in private residences and the like, the method of eiiiclently drivingv belt 156 and consequently the machine of this invention lisof importance. The problem is solved inthi's invention byproviding base 10 with a suitably disposed extension 10, provided in its'upper portion witha motor carrying platform 158 journaled` on horizontalpivots 160,l so positioned :between the -velectric i motor mounted on the platform 158 and pullely. 52

wil always tend to create a tensionl on belt 156 drawing it tight over ypulley 52. and motor pulley 164. This construction insures efficient operation of the motor 162 in` driving pulley 52 and conse'- quently the refrigerating machine. 1f for any reason it' is desired to mechanically disconnect the motor from the compressor,

all the operator has to do is to take hold of platform' 158 andm'cve it in a counter clockwisedirection about'pivots 160; or, in other words, raise motor 162 thereby rendering belt 156 loose enough sothat-it can'be readi il ndrmally travels. .y

It will be readily understood from the foregoing description that in the operation of the compressor, when it is driven by the removed from the-,pulleys over which it, y

motor 162, gas passes from pipe 32 into compartment 22 from which it is sucked through port v98 and passage V102 into the interior 103 of cylinder 34 above vpiston 46, thus filling the vacuum which was created in space 103 by the previous downward v movement of piston 46 to the. position shown in Figures 4 and 5. On the upward stroke of the piston, gas thus introduced into the cylinder is compressed and forced out through the 'port 126, valve 130 yielding to permit this ,the gas thence passing into the' condensercoil 104 wherein it iscooled by water or other cooling liquid continually conventionally introduced into and removed from chamber 166 about ,the vcoil through pipes not entering into this invention and therefore not shown. Gas thus condensed in coil 104 flows into compartment 20 from which it is conducted by pipe'154 to the refrigerating work, not entering into this invention and therefore nbt'jshown, from which point .it returns in expanded condition to pipe 32 and thence back to chamber 2121 Where it is re-pump-ed through the mac me.

1t will also be noted that'by constructing l a machine in accordance with my invention, it is renderedI very compact land of Alight p. weight, inexpensive to manufacture, because of fewer parts, capable of bemg operated leconomically and highly satisfactorily; and a'ords capabilities which heretofore have either involved diiiiculties in the operation of apparatus or required separate apparatus for their accomplishment.

lt will be noted by provlding the passage 102 as explained, oil which may be carried up into the cylinder bore 103 above the upper piston-ring therein will flow by gravity through the passage `102 back to the chamber 22 which in practice would be partially filled with lubricating oil, it being understood that by reason of the communication 28 between the crank 'case and this chamber atthe lower end of the latter the oilwill extend to substantially the same level in the crankcase wherein it is subjected to the action of the operating mechan-ism therein and serves to lubricate the pis-A tonnby splash feed. Furthermore, the proportioning of the parts so that the top upper side ofthe upper piston-ring is never below theV lower edges of the outlets 102, where open intothe cylinder bore103, is of advantage inasmuch as the gas in entering the cylinder bore 103 and in becoming compressed upon the upward stroke of the piston, swirls in the cylinder and forces oil v pairment of the apparatus occurs, the chamber being-provided primarily as a safety feature to separate Aoil from the liquefied refrigerant inthe event that any oil vdoes necting these from4 chamber 18.

discharge with the gas into the condenser.y

It will be noted that compartments 20 and 22 do not extend to the bottom of crank c ase 18 with the result that a proper amount of oil in the bottom of the crank case can foam without rising into the cylinder and, it will be noted that by reason of the disposition of the chambers 20and 22, and crank-case 18,

'- the gas returning to the'receptacle 22, from the refrigerating coil, the gas being in a rel- I atively cold state, `operates to exert a cooling effect uponall three of these chambers, the chamber 22 serving to receive any oil vthat maybe picked up by the gasiied refrigerantinits passage thereto, which oil precipifl tetes-and flows out -through passage 28.

` ,It-will be noted that the gas chamber 22 ,is of relatively large proportions, and that by reason of its close proxlmity to the cylin` der 34 and the provision of the ports congas to the cylinder 34 and of a volume sufficient to cause the apparatus to perform in ya highly-desirable'mannen is effected.v

While I have illustrated and described a particular construction embodying my invention, I do not wish to be understood as intending to limit it thereto as the same may be variously modified and altered without departing from thespirit of` the invention.

'Ihe upper end of passage 30 is in chamber 22 preferably provided with an extension pipe 170 having its upper end open'to gaseous refrigerant material while its side walls retain oil adjacent'to passage 28 in the bottom of chamber 22 and thus prevents the oil from traveling out of passages 30-32. -The baseof this pipe 170 is prefrably surrounded with porous materialuch as waste 174-to check the spurting of any oil which may be driven to chamber 22 In the same manner, the upper end of passage 154 in chamber 2O is preferably-provided with an extension pipel176 designed to retain oil 178 in chamber 20 and prevent its, passing out through pipe 154. In actual practice, oil 178 only collects in this Chaniparts, a' constant supply of shown and described, the device yis a Onef piece combination of crank case, refrigerant gas chamber, and refrigerant `liquid receiver. Further, by making the exterior plane of the case rectangular instead of round, as in present constructions economy of cost is attained due to a reduction in weight and space occupied by the machine.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a structure of the character set forth, the combination of a compressor comprising a crank-case, a cylinder, a piston operatinoq in the cylinder, and piston driv ing mechanism extendingJ into the crank case, a chamber yfor lubricatingoil extending to one side of said crank-case and communicating with the'latter below thelevel of the oil in said chamber, said cylinder containsaid chambers, respectively, onel of said' chambers being a gas-inlet-and-lubricatingoil v'chamber 1n communication with the source of gasto be compressed and also comlos m'unic'ating vwith the compressor below they gas outlet from this chamber to the compres-N sor, and the other of said chambers being a liquefied gasreceiver. l

3. Ina gas compressor, ajcrank case, a chamber above the bottom of said crank case through which gas to be compressed is adapted to pass and in which 'a precipitate .of said gas is adapted to collect, saidchamber being iny communication with said crank case whereby the precipitate will How from said chamber into the crank case.

al. In a gas compressor, a. crank case, a chamber `through lwhich gas to be compressed is adapted to pass and in which a precipitate of said gas is adapted tocollect, said chamber being located at theside of and separated from the crank case by a wall of the latter, and said wall having a passage therethrough providing communication between the crank case and said chamber.

5. In a gas compressor including a crank case, a cylinder and a piston; means deiining .a passage for conducting gas to be compressed to said cylinder, said passage open- ISU vreception of-a piston,

municating with said crank c ase.

6. In a compressor including a crank case, a pair of chambers located at different sides -of said compressor and communicating respectively, with an inlet .to and an outlet from said compressor, the chamber in communication with the inlet to said compressor also being in communication with said crank case. l

7 In a compressor, a pair of chambers located at different sides of said compressor and communicating, respectively, with an inlet to and an outlet from said compressor, the chamber in communication with the outlet from said compressor being located below said outlet. i

8. In a compressor, a cylinder having an enlarged bore at one end thereof providing a chamber having an exit opening, a piston operable within said cylinder to force fluidthrough said chamber to said exit opening, a .plate of greater diameter thanv the main cylinder openinglocated in said chamber and having a valve port therein, a valve cooperating with said port to control the flow of fluid through said chamber, and a locking plate for securing said first mentioned plate within said chamber.

9. In mechanism of the class'described, a cylinder initiallyy open at both ends'for the one end of said cylinder having an enlarged bore rforming a chamber having an inlet thereto and' anoutlet therefrom, a piston operable within said cylinder to cause fluid to flow through said chamber, a plate of'greater diameter than the main cylinder opening located withinv said chamber and disposed across the adjacent end of the main cylinder opening, said plate having a port therein, avalve cooperating with said port to control the flow of fluid through said chamber, a perforated plate in threaded engagement with the Wall of said chamber to detachably lock said first mentioned plate therein, and a dev the chamber. l A

l0. In mechanism of the class described, a cylinder initially open at both ends for the reception of a piston, oneend of said cylinder having an enlarged bore forming a chamber having an 4inlet thereto and an 'outlet therefrom, a 4piston operable within said cylinderfto cause fluid to f low through said chamber, a plate of greater diameter than the main cylinder opening located within said chamber and disposed across the adjacent end of the main cylinder opening, said plate having a .portv therein, a valve flow of fluid through said chamber, a perforated plate in threaded engagement with the wall of said cham r to detachably lock said first mentioned pla e therein, a detachlable closure plug forth outer end of the chamber, and a valve closing spring bearing at one end on said valve and at its other end on said plug.

. 11. In mechanism of the class described, a

cylinder initially open at both ends for the' the main cylinder opening located within ,said .chamber and disposed across the ad-v jacent end -of the main cylinder opening, said plate having a port therein, avalve cooperating with said port to 'control the iioW of fluid' through said chamber, a perforated plate in threaded engagement with.l the wall of said chamber to detachably lock said rst 'mentioned plate therein, a d etachable closure plug for the outer end of the chamber, and a valve carried by sal plug for venting said chamber. y r

In :witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name.

GEORGE J. cooin,v

tachable closure plug for the outer end of 1 cooperating with said port to controLthe

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