US2256356A - Process of treating sensitive photographic film - Google Patents

Process of treating sensitive photographic film Download PDF

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Publication number
US2256356A
US2256356A US203536A US20353638A US2256356A US 2256356 A US2256356 A US 2256356A US 203536 A US203536 A US 203536A US 20353638 A US20353638 A US 20353638A US 2256356 A US2256356 A US 2256356A
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United States
Prior art keywords
film
weeks
conditions
speed
kept
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Expired - Lifetime
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US203536A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marion E Russell
Loyd A Jones
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/74—Applying photosensitive compositions to the base; Drying processes therefor

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the stabilization ofphotographically sensitive materials of the gelatino silver halide type and'to a product thus treated, the sensitometric characteristics of which, when measured under standard conditions, remain substantially constant.
  • sensitometric characteristics of photographic materials such as speed, contrast (gamma), tendency to fog and the like, change with age and that, under ordinary atmospheric conditions, such materials in most cases undergo changes in sensitometric characteristics rather rapidly for a period of weeks after manufacture, usually from six to twelve. These tend to become substantially con stant, provided the atmospheric conditions, temperatureand humidity, in which the film is kept, remain. constant.
  • the material if, it is positive motion picture film, may be slit, perforated and wound on reels, and placed in storage chambers containing calcium chloride in suflicient amount to maintain the humidity at the required low level.
  • Other desiccants may be used, such as magnesium perchlorate activated carbon, activated alumina, silica gel, or sulfuric acid.
  • the moisture may also be removed mechanically; as bycirculating the air through a re-'-- frigerating unit whereby the humidity can be reduced to the desired level, or it may be re-v and other volatiles diffuse from the sensitive tinguished from the mere vacuum packing of thematerial. It has been proposed that photographic material, in the same manner as food products or tobacco, be packed in 'a partial vacuum in order to preserve it. By such methods, substantially all'the moisture and volatile compounds, in
  • One way in which this end may be obtained is. by storing the material for an extended period of time in a dry atmosphere.
  • the atmosphere is one which will reduce the moisture content of the material to the equivalent of that obtained when the material is brought into moisture equilibrium with an atmosphere of ordinary room temperature and pressure and a relative humidity of not more than 2% and preferably only a to a partial vacuum' and then sealed, thus tend ing to hold the moisture and other volatile compounds in the product. Because of the very long periods during which we submit photographic products to desiccation, substantially all moisture and other volatiles are removed both from the emulsion layer and from the support..
  • the desiccation may be achieved rapidly by subjecting the photographic material for a relatively short time to a relatively high temperature and then maintaining it in this desiccated condition for a predetermined time by any deing it on a'support.
  • the film 2 within the scope of our invention is subjecting the film to avery lowtemperature, say 40.” F., which is equivalent to the removal of water and other vapors from the sensitive element, and maintaining it at that temperature for a predetermined period. Sincethe vapor pressure falls to a very low value, any effects of moisture and other volatiles in the support and emulsion desiccation does not begin until sometime-after manufacture, during which time the sensitometric characteristics of the product may have changed, the desiccation has a valuable stabilizf ing effect. Under such circumstances, the product will in some cases be stabilized at the speed which it had reached at the start of desiccation, but in many instances its speed increases during the period of desiccation and becomes stabilized at a point which approximates the.
  • avery lowtemperature say 40.
  • the effect is not the same with all materials but we have found it particularly satisfactory with such materials as positive motion picture film and other moderate speed materials'such as film used for sound recording, duplicating motion picture images and the like.
  • the emulsion tends to flake or strip from the glass but this tendency can be overcome by the addition of suitable plasticizing materials to the-emulsion.
  • the stabilized film maintain its sensitometric' characteristics more nearly constant when stored under various atmospheric conditions and expowd after being brought to equilibrium with standard atmospheric conditions, but it also tends to be with different atmospheric con 'tions before exposure to light.
  • thecontrast (gamma) of the emulsion may change about as much as it would under ordinary conditions, but becomes stabilized at a definite level; whereas with films not undergoing" prolonged desiccation the contrast is as uncertain as the speed.
  • the treatment stabilizes both speed and contrast, the former at a higher value than it would otherwise have and the latter at substantially the value which it has at the end of the desiccation period.
  • Figs. 1 to 7 are graphs showing the. behavior of film under different sets of conditions. For purposes of comparison, the same type of film, namely a positive motion picture film, was chosen. In each of Figures 1 to 5, the ordinates represent speed at an arbitrary unit of measurement and in Figs. 6 and '7, they represent contrast or "gamma and the abscissae in all figures represent time measured in weeks. In the following description and in the drawings where reference is made to specific temperatures andrelative humidity, it is understood that an atmosphere maintained at the values given is referred to.
  • Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the results of the same procedure except that (b) and (0) were removed at the end of six weeks and nine Weeks in the respective figures. It is to be noticed from Figure 3 that after nine weeks, curves at, b, and c are coincident as a straight line.
  • Fig.- 3 are also indicated the properties of three films stored like (11) for nine weeks at 70 F. and 50% RH and then kept under different conditions.
  • e indicates the speed of film kept, after the ninth week at 70 F. and 25% RH;-f, the film then at 50 F. and 50% RH and g, film then kept at 90 F. and 27% RH.
  • the films (a), (b) and (c) desiccated for nine weeks have precisely the same speed, despite storage under widely difierentl atmospheric conditions
  • the films (d), (e), (f), and (g) kept under identical non-desiccating conditions for nine weeks have widely different speeds when kept in different subsequent storage conditions.
  • Figs. 4 and 5 are indicated the results when the films (a), (b) and (c) to be desiccated are not placed in a desiccating atmosphere until several weeks after manufacture, being kept in the meanwhile like film (d) in an atmosphere at with different sensitive products.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
US203536A 1937-05-27 1938-04-22 Process of treating sensitive photographic film Expired - Lifetime US2256356A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2256356X 1937-05-27
GB14745/37A GB503092A (en) 1937-05-27 1937-06-26 Improved process of treating sensitive photographic film

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2256356A true US2256356A (en) 1941-09-16

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US203536A Expired - Lifetime US2256356A (en) 1937-05-27 1938-04-22 Process of treating sensitive photographic film

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US (1) US2256356A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE433482A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE732287C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR844479A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB503092A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2571670A (en) * 1946-01-21 1951-10-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of producing photographic contrasts
US2571671A (en) * 1946-01-18 1951-10-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Process of producing photographic contrasts
US2611698A (en) * 1941-05-22 1952-09-23 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Colored photographic layer
US2646426A (en) * 1948-12-31 1953-07-21 Eastman Kodak Co Preparation of photographic emulsions
US2646353A (en) * 1948-12-31 1953-07-21 Eastman Kodak Co Removal of volatile products from photographic emulsions
US2678883A (en) * 1948-12-31 1954-05-18 Eastman Kodak Co Preparation of photographic emulsions
US2846334A (en) * 1953-03-23 1958-08-05 Lucile H Fleck Method of reconditioning exposed and developed photographic film
US2866499A (en) * 1955-08-01 1958-12-30 Du Pont Apparatus and processes for concentrating and evaporating liquids
US3075841A (en) * 1956-06-19 1963-01-29 Du Pont Mordant treating process and elements containing same

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1105711B (de) * 1958-08-02 1961-04-27 Perutz Photowerke G M B H Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Nasshaftfestigkeit von photographischem Material
RU2425802C2 (ru) * 2009-05-18 2011-08-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Карельская государственная педагогическая академия" (ГОУ ВПО "КГПА") Способ формирования нанокомпозитного покрытия на пористом слое оксида алюминия

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2611698A (en) * 1941-05-22 1952-09-23 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Colored photographic layer
US2571671A (en) * 1946-01-18 1951-10-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Process of producing photographic contrasts
US2571670A (en) * 1946-01-21 1951-10-16 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Method of producing photographic contrasts
US2646426A (en) * 1948-12-31 1953-07-21 Eastman Kodak Co Preparation of photographic emulsions
US2646353A (en) * 1948-12-31 1953-07-21 Eastman Kodak Co Removal of volatile products from photographic emulsions
US2678883A (en) * 1948-12-31 1954-05-18 Eastman Kodak Co Preparation of photographic emulsions
US2846334A (en) * 1953-03-23 1958-08-05 Lucile H Fleck Method of reconditioning exposed and developed photographic film
US2866499A (en) * 1955-08-01 1958-12-30 Du Pont Apparatus and processes for concentrating and evaporating liquids
US3075841A (en) * 1956-06-19 1963-01-29 Du Pont Mordant treating process and elements containing same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB503092A (en) 1939-03-26
DE732287C (de) 1943-02-26
BE433482A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1939-04-29
FR844479A (fr) 1939-07-26

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