US2254128A - Electron multiplier - Google Patents

Electron multiplier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2254128A
US2254128A US276883A US27688339A US2254128A US 2254128 A US2254128 A US 2254128A US 276883 A US276883 A US 276883A US 27688339 A US27688339 A US 27688339A US 2254128 A US2254128 A US 2254128A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrons
emitting
electron
electrodes
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US276883A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francois Joseph Gerard V Bosch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VACUUM SCIENCE PRODUCTS Ltd
VACUUM-SCIENCE PRODUCTS Ltd
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VACUUM SCIENCE PRODUCTS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication of US2254128A publication Critical patent/US2254128A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/22—Dynodes consisting of electron-permeable material, e.g. foil, grid, tube, venetian blind

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron-multipliers comprising an electron-emitting cathode, one or more secondary electron-emitting electrodes arranged in an envelope in such manner that electrons emitted by the cathode are caused to impinge on a secondary electron-emitting electrode and liberate other electrons which impinge upon the next secondary electron-emitting electrode, when more than one, and so on, to a final collector.
  • an electron-multiplier having one or more secondary electron-emitting electrodes each of which is formed of a perforated metal plate.
  • an electron-multiplier comprising one or more secondary electron-emitting electrodes each of which has holes for the passage of electrons, which holes are bounded by. a wall, of which at least a part on which approaching electrons impinge is inclined to the path of these approaching electrons.
  • holes are of diminishing cross-section in the direction of travel of the electrons.
  • Another feature of the invention consists in the provision of a plurality of secondary electron-emitting electrodes arranged one behind the other in spaced relationship and preferably the holes are staggered in successive secondary electron-emitting electrodes.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic elevation of the multiplie- Figure 2 is a section on line 22 of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a front viewof a secondary electrcn emitting electrode on an enlarged scale
  • Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4 of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a front View of a modified form of secondary electron-emitting electrode
  • Figure 6 is a section on line 66 of Figure 5, and,
  • Figure '7 is a detail view showing the provision of a heater for the secondary electron emitting electrode.
  • a source of primary electrons consisting of a cathode H3.
  • a cylindrical electrode ll around the cathode and a control grid I 2 extending across but spaced from an open end of the cylindrical electrode I I.
  • These electrodes are provided with a plurality of holes Ill.
  • the holes are conveniently formed by a punching operation such that v the metal bounding each hole is deformed to form a conical wall 20 for the hole.
  • the construction is such that thearea of the hole at the front of the electrode is greater than the area of the hole at the rear of the electrode, for example, in the proportion of approximately 5:3.
  • the holes, considered according to their largest dimension, may occupy about 15 percent of the area of the electrode.
  • the secondary electron-emitting electrodes are mounted in parallel relationship one behind another so that the holes in them are of decreasing area in the direction of travel of electrons.
  • the electrodes are also arranged with the holes in them staggered with respect to those of an adjacent electrode.
  • Each 'of the secondary electron-emitting electrodes has a peripheral flange 2 i extending rearwardly of the electrode and the electrodes I5, 16, I1 and i8 are progressively smaller in diameter so that they nest one'within the other with the flange of one electrode surrounding the space between that electrode and the next.
  • the secondary electron-emitting electrode i8 Close to the secondary electron-emitting electrode i8, for example, about /2 mm. from it, there is a collecting electrode 23 constructed as a Wire grid or mesh and at the remote side of this collector electrode there is a final secondary electron-emitting electrode 24.
  • The'connections 28 to the electrodes 15, 16,, I1 and I8 indicated in Figure 2 are distributed around the periphery of these electrodes and are spaced apart in the pinch 27 in order to minimise the inter-electrode capacity.
  • because they have the same operating potential as the electrodes of which they form part, and extend rearwardly of these electrodes towards the next electrode of higher potential, constitute electrostatic focussing means serving to concentrate the electrons in a beam through the secondary electron-emitting electrodes towards the collector 23.
  • discs formed with a plurality of holes as described with reference to Figures 3 and 4, they may be constituted by discs of the form shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the electrode consists of a metal disc formed with a plurality of narrow slots 30. These slots are conveniently produced by a punching operation, displacing the metal to provide the slots in such a manner as to produce inclined walls 3! for the same purpose as the conical surfaces 20 of the construction described with reference to Figures 2 and 3.
  • indirect heating means may be provided for these electrodes to raise them in temperature but not sufficiently high to produce appreciable primary emission.
  • the electrodes may be indirectly heated by means of a heater coil 32 as shown in Figure 7 carried on the flange 2
  • a transparent or apaque photo-electric cathode may be used instead of a thermionic cathode.
  • electrodes for performing other electronic functions may be incorporated in the envelope in addition to the electrodes for obtaining electron multiplication.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a secondary electron-emitting electrode for emitting secondary electrons under bombardment by other electrons and having holes for the passage of electrons, and a collector electrode for the secondary electrons, which holes are each bounded by a wall of which a part on which approaching electrons impinge is inclined to the path of the approaching electrons.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a secondary electron-emitting electrode for emitting secondary electrons under bombardment by other electrons, which secondary electron-emitting electrode is formed with holes for the passage of electrons and. diminishing in crosssection in the direction of travel of the secondary electrons and a collector electrode for the secondary electrons.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary electron-emitting electrode, a plurality of secondary electron-emitting electrodes mounted one behind another and spaced progressively from said primary electron-emitting electrode, which secondary electron-emitting electrodes are formed with holes for the passage of electrons, a final collector electrode for the secondary electrons, which secondary electron-emitting electrodes are progressively smaller in size in the direction of travel of electrons, and are each provided with a peripheral flange extending therefrom to surround the space between the electrode and the next following smaller electrode.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary electron-emitting electrode, a plurality of secondary electron-emitting electrodes mounted one behind another and spaced progressively from said primary electron-emitting electrode, which secondary electron-emitting electrodes are formed with holes for the passage of electrons, a final collector electrode for the secondary electrons, which secondary electron-emitting electrodes are each provided with a peripheral flange extending therefrom to surround the space between the electrode and the next following electrode, and means provided on the flange of each secondary electron-emitting electrode to indirectly heat the electrode to assist the secondary emission.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary electron-emitting electrode, a plurality of secondary electron-emitting electrodes mounted one behind another and spaced progressively from said primary electron-emitting electrode, which secondary electron-emitting electrodes are formed with holes for the passage of electrons, a final collector electrode for the secondary electrons, which secondary electron-emitting electrodes are progressively smaller in size in the direction of travel of electrons and are each provided with a peripheral flange extending therefrom to surround the space between the electrode and the next following smaller electrode, and means carried on the flange of each secondary electron-emitting electrode for indirectly heating the electrode to assist the secondary emission.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a secondary electron-emitting electrode for emitting electrons under bombardment by other electrons, which secondary electron-emitting electrode is formed with holes for the passage of electrons and diminishing in cross-section in the direction of travel of the secondary electrons, which holes according to their largest dimension occupy approximately 15 per cent of the area of the electrode in which they are situated, and a collector electrode for the secondary electrons.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a secondary electron-emitting electrode for emitting electrons under bombardment by other electrons, which secondary electron-emitting electrode is formed with holes for the passage of electrons and diminishing in cross-section in the direction of travel of the secondary electrons, which holes are approximately 1 mm. deep and the proportion of the area of the top of the hole to the area at the bottom of the hole is approximately 5:3, and a collector electrode for the secondary electrons.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a secondary electron-emitting electrode for emitting electrons under bombardment by other electrons, which secondary electronemitting electrode is formed with holes for the passage of electrons, which holes are in the form of narrow slots extending across the electrode and diminishing in cross-section in the direction of travel of the secondary electrons and a collector for the secondary electrons.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary electron-emitting electrode, a plurality of second-

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  • Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
US276883A 1938-06-02 1939-06-01 Electron multiplier Expired - Lifetime US2254128A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB16611/38A GB516621A (en) 1938-06-02 1938-06-02 Improvements in electron-multipliers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2254128A true US2254128A (en) 1941-08-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US276883A Expired - Lifetime US2254128A (en) 1938-06-02 1939-06-01 Electron multiplier

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2254128A (ko)
BE (1) BE434648A (ko)
FR (1) FR855159A (ko)
GB (2) GB516664A (ko)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2443547A (en) * 1945-08-21 1948-06-15 Rca Corp Dynode
US2454652A (en) * 1943-06-26 1948-11-23 Rca Corp Cathode-ray storage tube
US2674661A (en) * 1948-08-12 1954-04-06 Rca Corp Electron multiplier device
US2782334A (en) * 1952-03-10 1957-02-19 Raytheon Mfg Co Velocity modulated electron discharge devices
US2875372A (en) * 1953-03-30 1959-02-24 Itt Information location circuit
US2905844A (en) * 1954-06-04 1959-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron discharge device
US3182221A (en) * 1963-07-22 1965-05-04 Jr Edmund W Poor Secondary emission multiplier structure

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1274248B (de) * 1965-06-22 1968-08-01 William H Johnston Lab Inc Vorrichtung zur mehrstufigen Elektronenvervielfachung

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454652A (en) * 1943-06-26 1948-11-23 Rca Corp Cathode-ray storage tube
US2443547A (en) * 1945-08-21 1948-06-15 Rca Corp Dynode
US2674661A (en) * 1948-08-12 1954-04-06 Rca Corp Electron multiplier device
US2782334A (en) * 1952-03-10 1957-02-19 Raytheon Mfg Co Velocity modulated electron discharge devices
US2875372A (en) * 1953-03-30 1959-02-24 Itt Information location circuit
US2905844A (en) * 1954-06-04 1959-09-22 Westinghouse Electric Corp Electron discharge device
US3182221A (en) * 1963-07-22 1965-05-04 Jr Edmund W Poor Secondary emission multiplier structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB516621A (en) 1940-01-08
FR855159A (fr) 1940-05-04
GB516664A (en) 1940-01-08
BE434648A (ko)

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