US2253113A - Calculating device - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 19, 1941. L p, DRUCKER 2,253,113

y CALCULATING DEVICE Filed June 6, 1938 F1a. l. 4f 'y "'56 INVENTOR. LOUIS P. DRUCKER Y B Maw/f WW ATTORNEYS.

Patented Aug. 19, 1941 UNITED' STATES PATENT OFFICE CALCULATING- DEVICE Louis P. Drucker, Cleveland', Ohio Application June 6, 1938, Serial'No. 212,117

3 Claims.

This invention relates tol calculating devices and, in the form shown and described herein, to calculating devices which are particularly-adapted for ascertaining quickly and conveniently the number of yards of cloth required for making diierent numbers oi garments and also for ascertaining quickly'and conveniently the number of garments which may be made from a given length of cloth.

The complete device comprises an opaque disk having a generally V-shaped or segmental slot, the walls whereof extend radially outwardly from points adjacent tothercenter of the disk; aY disk mounted concentrically with and back of the opaque disk and having thereon concentric an-` nular spaces, each having radially extending graduations and numerals thereon, the said annular spaces registering with the numbers on a scale provided on the opaque disk adjacent to one of the side edges thereof. Other details concerning the construction an'd the arrangement of the parts will be set forth in the detailed de'- scription of the drawing, Fig. 1 whereof shows a plan view'of a deviceconstructed in accordance with my invention, certain parts'of the opaque disk being broken away; andl Fig. 2 shows a sectional- View corresponding tothe line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Describing by reference characters the' parts shown herein, I denotes an opaque circular disk, which may be of light sheet metal. The disk IU is provided with a substantially V-shaped segmental slot, the radial side walls whereof are indicated at I2 and I3. This slot extends' inwardly to I4 of the disk, the innerv end'oi sidewall I3 and a portion of the bottom I5 of the slot'being shown' by dot-and-dash lines` in Fig. 1. Adjacent to the edge I2 of the slot is a scale consisting of a series of numerals I6said-numerals, in the illustration shown herein, being increasing consecutively from the numeral 2 adjacent to the inner end of the said edge to the numeral I6 which is adjacentto the outerv end of said edge. I1 denotes a disk which is rotatably mounted be'- hind'the disk I0 upon a` central support I8, which may be a headed stud. The disk I1 is also preferably of metal: and is-oi slightly greater diametery than the disk I0, whereby its periphery overhangs the periphery of the disk I0, being provided with a bead ,|111 extending about the periphery of the latter disk.

The disk I1 is providedY with concentric annular spaces'each of said spaces corresponding to one of the` numerals in' the Scale I6, there bea within a short distance, from the centerV ing fifteen of said spaces, designated by the numerals I9-33, inclusive. Surrounding the outermost space- 33 is an annular space 34 having in the instant case, thirty-six calibrations representing inches, and calibrations representing quarter inches. Surrounding the annular space 34 is an annular space 35 which iscalibrated to represent hundredths of a yard; and surrounding the space 35 is a further space 36 which is-calibrated to represent eighths of a yard. Each of the spaces 34, 35 and 35 represents a yard in length.

The segment embraced by the sides I2 and I3 of the V-shaped slot in the disk I0 comprisesl approximately one-tenth of the surface of the said disk; and the V-shaped slot is covered by a panel 31, which may be of Celluloid or other suitable transparent material having its side edges suitably united to the walls formingV the side edges of the slot. This panel is provided with a reading line 38 extending radially outwardly from the center of the base I5 and bi-secting the portion of the panel between the sides of the slot.

Asindicated hereinbeiore, the calculating chart herein is designed with particular reference to computing quickly and accurately the number of yards of cloth that will be required to manufacture the number of garments represented by any one of the numerals IE; also for computing the number of garments, requiring each a certain number of yards, that can be manufactured from a bolt of cloth, the yardage whereof is known. The yardage for garments such as one-trousers suits and-two-trousers suits is calculated in yards and eighths of yards by those who cut the cloth. The scale on the annular space 35 isfor use of the bookkeeping department. The annular spaces I9-3-3 are accordingly calibrated so that each radial division line thereon represents oneeighth yard.

By reference to Fig. l, it will be seen that the annular space corresponding to and registering with the numeral 2 is provided with sixteen graduations, each corresponding to one-eighthA yard; also that the annular space corresponding to and registering with the numeral 3 is provided with twenty-four graduations, each corre sponding to one-eighth yard. In the samer manner, each other annular space is provided with a numaber of graduations,` each indicating oneeighth yard, multiplied by the number on the scale I6 registering with said space. Thus, the annular space 2| will be provided with 32 such graduations, the annular space 22 with 40 such graduations, and so on, the outermost annular space being provided with 128 such graduations.

In Fig. 1, the parts are shown in the positions wherein the reading line 33 registers with a zero or starting line 39 on the disk l1. The particular device shown herein is designed for the ready calculation of the number of yards of cloth required to make one-trousers suits and twotrousers suits. For each one-trousers suit, a minimum of three yards of cloth is required; for each two-trousers suit a minimum of four yards of cloth is required. Each annular space is provided at the right hand side of the zero line with an upper or radially outer totalizing number representing the product of the number on the scale I6 registering therewith by four (the minimum number of yards required for a two-trousers suit). Each annular space is also provided at the right of the zero line with a totalizing number, located below or radially within the former number, representing the product of the number on the scale I6 registering with said space by three (the minimum number of yards of cloth required for a one-trousers suit). For instance, it will be seen that the outer or upper totalizing number at the right hand of the zero line is 64, which represents the product of 16 by 4; also that the inner or lower totalizing number is 48, which represents the product of 16 by 3. Each annular space is also provided with segmental series of numbers and graduations, the number and graduations in each series representing eighths of a yard. 'Ihe numbers in each series increase progressively in a clockwise direction from the zero line 39. The eighth graduation and number of each series represents an additional yard; and numbers indicating the total yards are applied to each annular space at the eighth graduation of each segmental series thereon. Thus it will be seen that at the end of the third segmental series of graduations from the totalizing numbers 64 and 48 on the inner ring 33, the totalizing numbers 70 and 54 appear. The space 33 is provided with a total of sixteen pairs of inner and outer totalizing numbers, the said numbers increasing progressively in a clockwise direction around the said space, the iinal totalizing numbers being those shown herein at the left hand side of the zero line and showing respectively the number of yards required to make twotrousers suits containing each 5 yards of cloth and one-trousers suits each containing 4 yards of cloth. Each of the other annular spaces is provided with pairs of inner and outer totalizing numbers arranged in the same manner as the totalizing numbers on the ring 33, the number of "vf pairs of totalizing numbers on any annular space being determined by the numeral on the scale I6 which registers with said space. Thus, in the ring 28, the upper or outer totalizing number adjacent to the zero line shows the number of yards required to make 11 two-trousers suits each requiring 4 yards of material. The inner or lower totalizing number shows the yardage required to make 11 one-trousers suit each requiring 3 yards of material. There will be a total of eleven pairs of inner and outer totalizing numbers, increasing progressively in a clockwise di.- rection, the eleventh outer or upper totalizing number being 55 and the eleventh inner 0r outer totalizing number being 44, and representing the product respectively of 11 by 5 and 11 by 4. 'I'he annular yard space 34 is provided at the right hand side of the zero line with a pair of radially arranged figures, the outer or upper gure 4 representing the minimum number of yards required for a two-trousers suit and the inner or lower figure representing the minimum number of yards required for a one-trousers suit. The corresponding gures (5 and 4) at the left of the zero line represent respectively the final maximum yards required for each two-trousers suit and for each one-trousers suit.

In order to calculate the number of yards required to make a certain number of two-trousers suits, each containing, say, 41/3 yards, the operator adds to the minimum 4 yards indicated at the right of the Zero line on the yard space 34, the 1/3 yard and turns the disk l1 in a counter clockwise direction until the twelve-inches mark, or 1/3 of the yard scale 34, is brought into register with the reading line 38. He then reads in the appropriate annular space, the upper or outer totalizing number nearest to the line and adds thereto or subtracts therefrom the number of eighths shown by the particular graduation which registers, or approximately registers, with the said line.

In like manner, if the operator wishes to calculate the number of yards required to make a certain number of one-trousers suits, he adds to the minimum 3 yards, indicated at the right of the zero line on the yard space 34, the fraction of the yard which is required for each suit. Thus, assuming that each suit is to require 3% yards, he rotates the disk counter-clockwise until the twelfth inch graduation on the yard space 34 is brought into register with the reading line. He then reads in. the appropriate annular space the inner or lower tctalizing number nearest to the reading line and adds to or subtracts therefrom the eighth yards represented by the graduation which registers, or approximately registe with the said line.

The calculating device of the character described herein can also be used for ascertaining quickly and conveniently the number of yards of cloth required for making womens skirts and dresses. In such case, however, the minimum yardage required for a skirt will be somewhat in excess 0f 1 yard and the minimum yardage required for a suit will be somewhat in excess of 2 yards. Accordingly, the iigures 2 and 1 will replace the iigures 4 and 3 in the annular yard space 34, at the right hand of the zero line; and a corresponding change will be necessary for the totalizing numbers at the left of the zero line on said annular space. In like manner, the numbers 3 and 2 will replace the gures 5 and 4 at the left hand side of the Zero line on said space. Furthermore, corresponding changes will be made in the totalizing numbers which appear on the spaces ISI-33.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a calculating device of the character described, the combination of an opaque disk having a segmental slot extending from the outer portion thereof nearly to the center thereof and provided adjacent to one of its side edges with a radially arranged series of numbers increasing progressively from the inner toward the outer end of such edge; a disk mounted concentrically with and back of the opaque disk and provided with annular spaces each registering with one of the numbers of said series and each space being provided with equi-spaced graduations, each representing the same fraction oi a unit, the number of graduations in each such space being the product of the denominator of such fraction by the number in the series with which each space registers, and each space being provided with equi-spaced totalizing numbers each representing the product of a multiplier by the number in the series which registers with such space, the second disk having a radial zero line extending across all of the aforesaid annular spaces and having totalizing numbers arranged adjacent to and on opposite sides thereof, said totalizing numbers being located in each of the annular spaces; and a transparent cover for the said slot having a radial reading line located between the edges thereof and extending across all of said annular spaces; one of said disks being rotatable with respect to the other.

2. In a calculating device of the character described, the combination of an opaque disk having a segmental slot extending from the outer portion thereof nearly to the center thereof and provided adjacent to one of its side edges with a radially arranged series of numbers increasing progressively from the inner toward the outer end of such edge; a disk mounted concentrically with and back of the opaque disk and provided with annular spaces each registering with one of the numbers of said series and each space being provided with equi-spaced graduations, each representing the same fraction of a unit, the number of graduations in each such space being the product of the denominator of such fraction by the number in the radial series with which each space registers, the second disk having an annular space surrounding and concentric with the outermost of the foregoing annular spaces and corresponding in circumferential extent to a complete unit and being provided with equi-spaced graduations each representing a fraction of such complete unit different from the fractions represented by the graduations in the other annular spaces, the said second disk being provided with a radial zero line thereon extending across all of the said annular spaces, and provided adjacent to and on opposite sides of said zero line with totalizing numbers located in all of the said annular spaces except the outermost space, the outermost space being provided adjacent to the said zero line with a figure constituting a multiplier, and each of the other annular spaces being provided with equi-spaced totalizing numbers, each totalizing number representing the product of the number in the radial series registeringwith its annularspace and a number exceeding bya fraction the multiplieron the outermost annular space; and a transparent cover for the said slot having a radial reading line located between the edges thereof and extending across all of said annular spaces, one of said disks being rotatable with respect to the other.

3. In a calculating device of the character described, the combination of an opaque disk having a segmental slot extending from the outer portion thereof nearly to the center thereof and provided adjacent to one of its side edges with a radially arranged series of numbers increasing progressively from the inner toward the outer end of such edge; a disk mounted concentrically with and back of the opaque disk and provided with annular spaces each registering with one of the numbers of said series and each space being provided with equi-spaced graduations, each representing the same fraction of a unit, the number of graduations in each such space being the product of the denominator of such fraction by the number in the radial series with which each space registers, the second disk having an annular space surrounding and concentric with the outermost of the foregoing annular spaces and corresponding in circumferential extent to a complete unit and being provided with equispaced graduations each representing a fraction of such complete unit different from the fractions represented by the graduations in the other annular spaces, the said second disk being provided with a radial zero line thereon extending across all of the said annular spaces, and provided adjacent to and on opposite sides of said zero line with radial Aouter and inner totalizing numbers located in all of said annular spaces except the outermost space, the outermost annular space being provided adjacent to the said zero line and on yopposite sides thereof with radial outer and inner gures constituting multipliers, and each of the other annular spaces being provided with equi-spaced radially aligned inner and outer totalizing numbers, each outer totalizing number representing the product of the number in the radial series registering with its annular space and a number exceeding by a fraction the radial outer multiplier on the outermost annular space and each inner totalizing number representing the product of the number in the radial series registering with its annular space and a number exceeding by a fraction the radial inner multiplier on the outermost annular space; and a transparent cover for the said slot having a radial reading line located between the edges thereof and extending across all of said annular spaces, one of said disks being rotatable with respect to the other.

LOUIS P. DRUCKER.

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