US2252287A - Surface processing device - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 12, 1941. E 1 HELFGOTT' SURFACE PROCESSING DEVICE Filed April 215, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR, lazzz'elzfgo ZZ v BY 90,23 .90 20 Z J9 J6 Aug. 12, 1941. L HELFGO'TT 2,252,287

SURFACE PROCESSING DEVICE Filed vApril 23, 41940 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Il Will ,mm1 l v Aug. 12, 1941. HELFGQTT 2,252,287

SURFACE PROCESSING DEVICE Filed April 2:5,V 1940 3 Sheets-5119? 3 .mm nul INVENTOR,

1mm zzanzqaf.

Patented Aug. 12, 1941 y vUNITEDA STATES PATENT vOFFICE l. .2,252,287YY n Y 1 l SURFACE rnooessmefbtjvloa A Louis Helfgott, Bronx, N. Y. Application April 23, 1946, serialv No. 331,089'

Clain's; 4(201. 51-124) This invention relates `to abrading devices in general, and particularly to gang type machines for facilitating successive abrading operations against abrading elements of different abrading qualities.

Gang grinding machines are Well known in the art, butare usual-ly employed for either shaping,

sharpening `or re-sharpeningof tools, -or for relatively rough surface-grinding of other articles. The present invention, howevenlhas for vits principal objects to provide a compactly constructed, highly eiiicient and readilyoperable machine for fine-surfacing, in successive stages and to required degrees, of a variety of Vrelatively small, utilitarian devices, or rather their exposed surfaces, for the purpose-of rendering such-articles more attractive in appearance, and for improving the, Wear-resistance of the-exposed facets.

Another object of this invention isl to provide a gang of power-driven abrading elements, having-different degrees of abradin-g properties-and being arranged on a slant instep-like fashion and being staggered relation to one another, so that each element maybe'employedto 'its full range of effectiveness; Still another object of thisinvention isv to proe vide for each abradingelement an adjustable support and guide for awork-rest Ior VWork-.carrrier, by means of Which two instrumentalitiesthe Work may be brought at its pre-arrangedeposition into operative contact a with any. one .of the abrading elements.

A further object of this invention isto so design the Work-rest or workecarrier, that theV latter may beA bodily placedupon and; readily moved from the support and guide of one abrading element to thesupport andguideof any other element, without affecting the relative positionof the Work to the abrading surface of any of the elements, said Work-rest having aligned, friction-reducing guide rests, adapted to straddle the guides when placed thereon,- and facilitating the movement of the Work-rest bothin a longitudinal directionand in an arc about the --longitudinal center aXis of Athe guides. L 'Y A still further object of thisA invention iis" toso .construct the Work-restdo'rWorkcarrier,that

the work held by it-may not onlybeacourately adjusted to any required ahrading` position in respect to the abrading -surfacsoi anabra'ding element, but that such adjustment maybe made Without the cooperation lof the actual abrading surface. InV other Words the ,vorkjrest` facilitates an accurate pre-'positioning andsettinfg Yofthe Work, While removed from thel abrading elements,

.prior to subjectingit to the abrading operation. Anadditional object of my invention is to providethe Workfrestwitha plurality of means for Vfacilitating Aeither quick or gradualv or line-ad- ,justment of .the workto any desired position in respect to the abrading elements, and with means forme-positioning the work, or positioning to the same setting ofsuccessively handledf work `pieces .or the same nature and'dimensions, once the adjustment or setting forV the correct abrading position. of the first. work piece has been determined.

The foregoing and still further objects and advantages or the present invention will become .more fully apparent from the ensuing description .and the accompanying drawings, in which,

Fig. l4 is a planlview of my gang abrading, laplping and, polishing machine inits presently pre- -ferred form, with a swing-type work-rest in position; f r

FigA 2 isa front Aelevation of the swing-type Work-rest;

'-Fig. 3A is a cross-sectional View taken on line 3-'3 of Fig. 2 Y

Fig. 4 is a side elevation of Fig 1; l

' VFiggr is an enlarged detail vieW taken on line .5-5fofFig. 2; i.. J

-Fig` 6 is a compression myworkl-rest;

l Fig. 7- is an end view thereof;

Fig. 8 is a d'rawsleeve for the collet;

4' Fig. 9 is a longitudinal sectonthrough the col- -let *chuck employed in my device;`

FigsflO land 11 are, respectively, side views and `endoviews of a work-supporting tool employed with my. device; Y

Fig.` 12-is atop View of a stationary work-rest or Work-carrier; Y Fig. 1-3 is a side view thereof;

Fig. 14 isa-n endview of the work-rest;

Fig; 15 is La detail view, partially in section, of a-Work adjusting or Work position proving gauge;

Fig. 1` 6- isa modifiedl formf of such gauge, partially in section. l Y

Beforecommencing to specifically describe the construction and details of my machine, it may bejWell to broadly explain the principle of its `operation by ymeans of a concrete example.

It has been said in the kobjects that the present machine is primarily designed for handling a varietyof articles which are usually provided with exposed" surfaces, intended to be nishedto en `haines the attractiveness't ofan article, andto yrnakelnor'e durableits exposed facets. Sucharticles manier instance, comprise tops of salt shakers, caps for bottles, signet rings,- Watch collet employed with Vhigh Ydegree of precision.

cases, and numerous other relatively small devices provided with exposed facets or surfaces.

When a large number of like articles is to be processed on my machine, it is essential that they possess the same dimensions and the same surfaces to effect an efficient and rapid handling. Taking as an example a substantially square shaped Watch case, such as may be held by a work-supporting tool illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, it will Vbe Ynoted that such watch case possesses sixteen facets, in addition to its front face, and that all of the facets are disposed at a certain relation to each other and to the front face. It will be also observed that the facets may be considered in four groups, and that each four facets of one group will require the same type of treatment, since their position in respect to the longitudinal center axis of the tool is the same.

In order to provide uniform treatment for `each facet, it apparently becomes necessary to adjust the watch case sixteen times.` By means of the present device only ve major positions of Vthe watch case need to be determined, one foi` the front face and one for each group of facets. When .the adjustment for the facet of one group is made, the three other facets are treated by simply turning the work-supporting .tool three Atimes in a pre-determined arc about its center axis. Thus the setting of the tool for one facet .of one group becomes instantaneous and automatic for the rest of the facets in that group. This saves a good deal of time and assures a The aforedescribed procedure also .indicates thatr when a number of watch cases of the same type and dimensions is to be treated, my machine saves the setting of the machine for each individual case, and therefore permits continuous operation with theY same character of work. The manner in which the aforesaid setting of the machine for the Work to be treated is effected will become more readily understood from the following detail description of my device.

Referring vto Figs. 1 and 4, there is illustrated a machine base I, upon which is supported a standard 2, at the top of which is provided an adjustable platform 3 for accommodating motor 4. Also secured to base I is a mounting 5 for supporting a gang of abrading elements of ,different degrees of abrading properties. Mounting 5 is provided with double bearings 6, 'I and 8 for accommodating shafts 6', 1 and 8', of abrading elements 9, Ill and II, respectively. Upon the shafts are provided pulleys 9', I0 and II, driven by motor 4 in the direction indicated by arrow I. Y

The centers of the elements are disposed in a slanting plane or in a step-like relation to one another,` as clearly observable from Fig. 4. In addition to their step-like position, the elements themselves are staggered relative to one another, as clearly seen from Fig. 1. In consequence of this arrangement of the abrading elements, element 9 is highest and extends furthest to the right of the operator; element ID is somewhat lowerand is disposed to the left of element 9, and element II is the lowest element and is disposed at theleft of element I0. The half of each element, nearest to the operator, represents the effective work surface of the element, and is fully accessible to permit an unrestricted abrading function. The grade of the abrading elements `Will vary with the work for which they are intended.

Taking again as an example a Watch case, made, for instance, Wholly from precious metal, it is required that in order to effect highly polished surfaces, to rst subject the facets to a relatively coarse abrading operation. Thus Wheel II, which is nearest to the operator, will have a relatively coarse grain. Element II, and for that matter the other two elements, may either be constructed wholly from abrasive material, or may be designed in the form of metal discs to which abrasive compounds of different qualities or grains, such as pumice, carborundum, rouge, etc., may be applied.

lin Figs. l and 2 is shown a gang of but three abrasive elements, sufficient for certain purposes, such as for the lapping of watch cases. It is obvious, however, that for other types of work the number of elements may be increased. In the type disclosed, three stages of abrasive treatments are intended, first, a relatively rough abrasion of the future facets, preferred for articles made Wholly from one material, in order to bring these facets to their correct position relative ,to the body of the article.

The next operation, performed by middle element I0, called lapping corresponds to a polishing operation, sufficiently rough for plated articles. The third abrading operation is performed by element 9, which is intended to provide a high polish or finish, and hardens the treated surfaces against Wear.

Secured to machine base I, at the right edge thereof, is a bracket I2, provided With hubs I3, in which are mounted the outer ends of combination guide and supporting rods I4, I5 and I6. These outer ends of the rods are adjustable by means of adjusting screws I'I. The inner ends of the guide and supporting rods are lodged in the upright portion I8 of mounting 5. These rods serve for the accommodation, support and guide, of Work-rests or Work-carriers, such as indicated at I 9 in Figs. 1 and 4.

Description of a swing-type work-rest Referring to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the workrest consists of a relatively stationary base 20, from which depend two spaced, aligned guide extensions .2| and 22, preferably equipped with aligned, friction-reducing, supporting rollers 23, lby means of which the Work-rest may be supported upon any oneof the rods I4, I5 and I6, when bodily placed thereon. Rollers 23 are intended to straddle the rods, and are designed to facilitate the .bodily movement of the workrest, both longitudinally along the rods, and to swing in an arc about the longitudinal center axis of the rods, in the manner indicated by arrow S in Fig. 14. In this figure rollers 23 are dispensed with, V-grooves taking their place.

Base 20 is preferably shaped in the form of a gear segment 24, equipped With a graduation, as clearly indicated in Fig. 3. In base 20 there is provided a pivot screw 25, the vertical center line of which is disposed in the longitudinal center plane passing through the aligned rollers 23, which center plane coincides with the longitudinalcenter axis of the rods. Pivot screw 25 forms the fulcrum for Work-rest frame 26, which is adapted to swing in an arc over the segment of base 24, and which frame is provided with an indicator 26 for the graduation of the segment, `and an upright 21 for the support of tool holder28.

At the flatportion of frame 26 there is arranged a bracket 29, in which is pivoted at 3|] 'adouble bearing 3| for a worm32f which latter normally engages theteeth hof base-segment 24. Worm 32 is adapted to be operated "by means `of the'knurle'd` knob 33 of operating sleeve 34; A spring `35,.secured" to the side. offrame 26 and engaging bearing .3|, 'tends to keep worm 32 in engagement with'the teeth.v By swinging sleeve 34.,away from frame` 26, worm'32 becomes disengaged from the teeth of segment 24, and frame 26 maybe swung in a horizontal plane freely to anyposition desired. Thereupon sleeve 34 is released so that worm 32 may, again'engage `the teeth of the segment. Now a fine-adjustment of frame 26 relative ,to base 24 may be made by actuating worm 32 when knob 33 is turned.

Secured also to frame 26, a clamp 36 is provided, by means of which frame 26 may be fixed in its adjusted position. This clamp consists of a yoke, normally free from the bottom edge of base 24. `Through the yoke passes a clamp screw 31, by means of which the yoke may be tightened against base 24, whereby frame 26 is prevented from moving relative to thev base.

Referring now specifically to Figs. 2 and 5, standard or upright 21, forming a part of frame 23, and supporting tool holder 28, is provided with a journallhead 38, in which are secured bearings 39 and 40. In these bearings is journalled shaft 4|, forming a part of, and extending from the body of tool holder 2B. Shaft 4I is reduced at 4| and is threaded at 42. This threaded portion is engaged by a collar 43, provided with set screw 44,l for preventing the movement of the collar.

Journal head 38 has an enlargement 45', forming an abutment for a ring structure 46, held upon the head by means of a set screw 41. Ring 46 is shaped to form two parallel annuli 48 and 49.' Upon the outer surface of annulus 49 there is provided a circumferential scale, as'indicated in Fig. 1. Annulus48 is adapted to be engaged by an adjustable limitingmember D, shown in Figs. 1 and 2, for defining the swinging movement of the tool holderabout the axis of its journal.

To the body of the tool holder there is aixed an index` or marker 5|, which cooperates with the graduation provided upon annulus 49. Also secured to the body of tool holder 2.8 is a bracket 52 fromwhich extendsa handle 53, terminating in a ball 54. This. handle facilitates the swinging of tool holder 28 in its journal when desired. i Within the tool holder body there is revolvably lodged a collet chuck 55.shown in detail in Fig.y 9, consisting of. a cylindrical structure with a head 4 In rear of the head is av cone formation 56, adapted to `engage a conical bearing surface 51 providedI at one endof the tool holder. A similar bearing surface 58.2.1; the other end of the tool holder accommodates the conical portion 59 of a bearingmember-: This bearing member constitutes'worm gear` 6| with .an annular extension 62, through :which latter passes a set screw 63, engaging .thehollow cylindrical portion of collet chuck` 55. The ,annular surface of extension 62 is providedwith a graduationfor indiatingthegposition of thevchuck in respect Vto the body-ofthe tool holder. From the latter extendsan, indicator 63, Ycooperating with the s caleofvannulus 62. Secured in the body of the tool holderis a set, screw 6 4 for arresting ,chuck 5 5 v against u movement, when in desired 'adjustedmsti0a".

. Extending` from the rtool holderbody is a bracket't's l'nl'which is lodged a leger te.Y The longer arinof 'thelever is urged in upward direction by a'spring 61, while'its shorter arm 68 forms the bearing for a worml 69, normally forced by the spring into engagement with Worm gear 6| of the collet chuck. Worm 69 may be operated by hand when knob 10 (Figs. 1, 2 and 4) is turned. When the longer lever arm is depressed, worm 69 disengages gear 6|, and the chuck may be quickly turned for rough adjustment. The line adjustment of the chuck is accomplished through the operation of gear 6| by worm 69.

Referring now to Figs. 5 to 10, inclusive, chuck 55 isprovided with a guide pin 1| extending into the reduced neck portion of the'chuck. A compression collet 12, illustrated in detail in Figs. 6 and 7, is provided with a longitudinal guide groove 13, adapted to accommodate pin 1| of the chuck to prevent rotation of the collet in respect to the chuck (see Fig. 5). The threaded shank 14 of the collet is engaged by the internally threaded collet draw sleeve 15, which is provided with off-set head 16, through which passes a handle 11.

Projecting from, the inner smooth face of collet 12` is a guide ,pin 18, adapted to cooperate with a longitudinal groove 19, provided inthe reduced portion 8U of work-supporting tool 8|,

for preventing .the rotation of the toolin respect to the collet (see Figs. 5 and 10) It will be observed from Fig. 10 that the tool is equipped with a heavier outer portion terminating in an offset 82, which latter limits the inward movement of the tool into the collet. Instead of such offset a set-'ring 0r any other suitable arrangement may be substituted to limit the inward movement of the tool. At theend of the venlarged tool portion there is provided a workaccommodating block 83, designed for supporting a watch case of the configuration indicated in Fig. l1. This block is preferably provided'with a pin S4., adapted to be received by the slot made into the watch case for accommodating the winding stern of the watch. While `work block 83, shown in the drawings, is especially intended for a watch case of a specific design, itis quite obvious that for other articles, or watch cases of other design, different work blocks will have to be provided. In practice complete ;tools, including work blocks, are'fabricated as whole units.

' Work` pre-adjusting rgauge Secured to the braceor cross-member of base 24, (Figs. 2, 3, 4 and l2 to 16, inclusive) and extending from'the under-surface thereof, i-s a bracket 86in which is rotatably mounted shank 81v (Fig. 15) or 81 (Fig. 16), at one end of which are provided means 88 for facilitating the turninguofzth'e shank, while at the opposite end is secured a gauge member or blade 89, which latter may be brought into a work-contacting position, as clearlyillustrated inFigs. 13, 14 and 15. This blade. may be either Y gradually adjusted towards orfrom `the .work by a threaded arrangement 90, lockable in Lpositiongby set screw 90 (shown in Figs. 2, 3,13 and,15), or automatically by the ernploymentpf a spring 9|., illustrated in Fig. 16.

. AGrange blade ,89j serves for pre-adjustingthe work` to a position which it should correctly assume when brought in contact with theabrading surface of any one of theabrading elements 9 I0 and ll, prior kto subjecting the work to the abrading operation. In other words the work may be adjusted remote from'and independently of the actualabiading surface of the elements.

This facilitates a more accurate" setting'of the work to its proper position, land simplifies vand speeds up 'the.Work-adjusting operation, which is the most essential step for correctly `processing of the work.

Operation For the purpose of proper understanding, I shallexplain the operation of ymy device by way of an'example, such asthe procedure of rough surfacing, lapping, and high finishing of a watch case for which the head of the Work-supporting tool, shown in Figs. 1I) and '11, is designed.

Having attached the watch case to Work block 83, and having inserted the work-supporting tool 8I into collet. 12, and havingsecured the collet in chuck 55, gauge blade 89 is brought to its upward position, shown in Figs.13, 14 and 15. The inner surface 89' of gauge blade 89- corresponds to the abradingsurface of 'elements 9, vII) and I I. First the broad face of the Watch case has to be correctly positioned. For this purpose sleeve 34 with knob 33 of worm 32 is swung away from the teeth of base 24, and frame 26 is 'roughly adjusted to a position at which the face of the Watch case stands approximately parallel with the inner surface 89 of blade 89. ment is then made by releasing sleeve 34 and operating worm 32. Now the position of the work is checked, and a re-adjustment is made by means of worm 32, so that the front face of the watch case squarely touches with its entire surface the surface 89' of the blade. In this position frame 26 is locked by means of clamp 36 against movement, and the gauge blade is swungdownwards and out of the way, as indicated in Figs.v 2 and 4.

The Work-rest now is ready to be placed upon guide and supporting rod I 6, serving the rough abrading element II. By bodily swinging the Work-rest in an arc about rod I6, While at the same time holding the work against the abrading surface of element II, the rst processing step of relatively rough-surfacing of the watch case front will be accomplished. Thereupon the work-rest is placed upon rod I5, without in any ways altering the position of the Work. The same procedure of swinging the work-rest bodily in respect to rod I and holding it lightly against element I0 will produce a higher degree of surfacing of the watch case, termed lapping To provide a bright, very high finish for the face of the watch case, the work-rest is transferred to rod I4, and the work is held against the fine abrading surface of element 9.

Now follows the surfacing of the peripheral facets of the watch case. Screw 31 of clamp 36 is loosened, gauge blade 89 is swung again upwards and frame 26 is adjusted until one of the facets fully contacts With the inner face of blade 89. In this position frame 26 is again set by means of clamp 36.

Referring to Figs. and 11, the peripheral facets of the watch case (not shown) may be imagined by observing the corresponding facets provided on'work block B3. It will be found that there are four types of facets, i. e. inclined corner facets 92,V inclined intermediate facets 93, small straight corner facets 94, and large intermediate side facets 95. All four types of facets in this case are disposed symmetrically to the longitudinal center axis of tool 8|, which center axis passes through the center of the work block 83.

Asumge that straight corner facets 94 are to be processed first. VAccordingly frame 26 is rst A ne adjustto permit the adjustment of chuck 55,

adjustedto bring the Work near gauge B9. Now

arresting screw.' 64, holding chuck 55 against rotation Within tool holder 28, is loosened so as To do this, the long arm of lever 66 is depressed to disengage worm 69 from gear 6I. By turning handle 11 of the draw. sleeve, the chuck is also turned, and thus the Work piece is roughly adjusted. Now the long arm of lever 66 is released and worm 69 permitted to engage Worm gear 6I. By means of worm 69 afine adjustment of the work position is made until facet 94 fully contacts with gauge 89.

For this position of the work, the position of the chuck is noted upon the graduation of annulus 62, by observing the number or mark indicated by pointer 63. Now set-screw64is again tightened to prevent the movement of the chuck, gauge 89 is released and turned downwards, and the three processing steps, previously described in connection with the surfacing of the front face of the watch case, are followed.

Since facets 94 are positioned relative to each other at distances 'corresponding to arcs of 90 degrees, it is a simple matter to swing chuck 55 three successive times degrees from the position first indicated by index 63, and to process the three remaining facets 'in the manner just described, relying upon scale 62 to set the chuck.

Processing of curved surfaces When a work piece with curved surfaces is to be processed, such as a watch case having a curved body, it becomes necessary to swing the entire tool holder within a predetermined arc to provide the finish required for the curved surfaces of such watch case. For'this purpose the work is pre-adjusted similarly to the manner described above, but in addition'to bodily swinging the work-carriage and sliding it upon the guide rods, the tool holder is swiveled in its/journal by means of handle 53; otherwise the processing steps are identical.

Modification For work with plain or straight surfaces, such as a watch case fitted. to work block 83, the swinging Voperation ofv the tool holder is not required. In Figsl 12, 13 and 14 I have illustrated a simplified work rest, which is constructed in every respect similarly to that shown in'Figs. 2, 3 and 5, with the exception of that upright 21 of frame or carriage 26 forms a one-piece structure with fixed' tool-holder 28", the longitudinal center axis of which always remains parallel with the base 24. Set-screw 64', for arresting the movement of the chuck, is moved to a position just opposite to that of set-screw 64 of the formerly described work-rest.

Important'featureV Inboth embodiments of my work-rest it will be observed that the vertical axis passing through the fulcrum point25, 'provided in base 24 for frames or carriages -26 and 26', is substantially removed from the vertical center plane which passes through the longitudinal center axis of the tool-holders, as clearly indicated in Figs, 5 and 12 at X. This structural detail is of 'considerable importance to the practical handling of the work-rests or carriages, and theY work carried by them, in respect to the abrading surfaces of elements 9, IU and I'I. Y It facilitatesV an unrestricted manipulation of the `work, and prevents the cap screw, forming the pivot, from interfering with the `positioning of therwork Vin `respect to the abrading surfaces `of the elements. Y

While I have disclosed in the foregoing `several specific construction and forms of the present invention, it is quite obvious that for the purpose of meeting various conditions in the processing of vdiierent work pieces, changes and improvements may be indicated, and I therefore reserve for myself the right to make such changesand improvements -Without departing vfrom the broad scope of my invention, as denediin the-annexed claims. @I claim:

1. In a gang abrading, lapping :and polishing device, a series of driven abrading elements, work-rest guiding and supporting means for each of said elements, a work-rest bodily placed upon and adapted to beheld against, `and being swingable about any one of said supporting means, and being bodily movable.r thereupon against or away from the respectiveabrading elements, said work-rest having a relatively'stationary, substantially horizontal base and a corresponding frame, pivotally joined with and adjustable angularly in a substantially horizontal plane relative to the base, said frame havingian upright, a tool-holder supported thereby,` :the longitudinal center axis of the latter being disposed in a vertical plane materially distanced from the vertical center axis passing through the pivotal point of the frame, a collet chuck r'oltatably lodged in said tool-holder and provided with a peripheral calibration, a fixed indicator for the calibration secured to the tool-holder, a collet longitudinally movable VVin said chuck, guide means provided in said chuck `and `with said collet for preventing rotary movement of the latter relative to the chuck, a work-supporting tool longitudinally adjustable inl respect to and held within said collet, guide means-provided in said collet and with said tool for ,preventing the latter from turning in said collet, and stop means on said tool for limiting its longitudinal inward movement in` respect to said collet.-

rest frame. having., an operable, hingedly mounted worm, .spring means Vnor'ifnally vringing said worm intoengagement withth'e teeth of the .gear segment,and means for arresting the movement of said` frame at a desired, adjusted position in re- ,spectrel to said segment. f n

6. In a gang abrading, lapping and polishing device, asset forth in claim 1, said Vtool-holder ,having means for arresting said collet chuck at a` desired, adjusted position 4within the tool-holder.

71 Ina gang. abrading, lapping and polishing device, as set forth-in claim 1, said' rotary collet chuck having an end-bearing element combined 2. In a gang eabrading, lapping and polishing device, as set forth i'n claim 1, saidwork-rest .base constituting a calibrated gear segment, .said work-rest frame having an indicator cooperating with said calibration, and an operable -and .re-

with a worm gear and anannular extension, said peripheral calibration `of the collet chuck being provided upon said extension, said fixed indicator ffor `the ,calibration `being ,secured to said toolholder. y o

f8; In a'gang abrading, lapping and" polishing device, 1as set forth in claim 1, said rotary collet chuck having an end-bearing element combined `with aworm gear and an annular extension, said peripheral calibration of the collet chuck being provided upon said 'extensiomsaid fixed indicator forthe calibration being secured to said toollholder, a lever pivotally mounted withsaid toolhol-der, a manually operable worm journalled in one ann of the lever,meansfor normally urging said one lever arm: against said worm gear, and therefore `said worm into engagement with Vthe ,teeth of said worm gear, for facilitating a fineadjustment of the collet chuck in respectto the tool-holder, the other lever arm being temporarily depressible for releasing the worm from the Worm gear to facilitate quick, rough adjustment of the collet chuck. i 9. In a gang abrading, lapping and polishing device, as set forth in claim 1, said tool-holder being -bodily rswingable inrespectf to said frame upright, the axis of rotation-ofthe tool-holder being `ldisposed substantially in a horizontal and atV right angles to a` vertical plane passing through the longitudinal' center axis of the toolho1d'er,'a xed annulus forming a part of the mounting accommodating the Abearings for said tool-holder, a'calibration provided upon said annulus, an indicator `secured to the Abody of the tool-holder and cooperating withsaid calibraleasable gear segment-engaging element. for ac-` curate `adjustment of the Work-restframe in respectto said base. Y i

3. In a gang abrading, lapping andp olishing device, as set forth in claim 1, said vrotary collet chuck being provided with a gear for revolving l the chuck, an operable and releasable gear-engaging element mounted with said tool-holder and serving for actuating and fine-adjustment of sai-d rotary chuck, when in engagement with said gear.

4. I'n a gang abrading, lapping and polishing device, as set forth in claim 1, said tool-holder being journalled, substantially at right angles to its longitudinal center axis, in said upright, means for facilitating th-e swinging of the toolholder in its journal, a calibration provided with a portion of said upright, and an indicator secured to the tool-holder and coacting with said calibration.

5. In a gang abradinglapping and polishing device, as set forth in claim 1, said work-rest base constituting a calibrated gear segment having 'guide elements adapted to straddle said worktion, another annulus extending from the mounting, and a hand-operated, adjustablein- 'strumentality associated with sai-d tool-holder and adapted to engagefsaid other annulusl for limiting and checking the swing movement of the tool-holder.

10. InA a gang abrading, lapping and e polish-ing d eVice'sQas set forth in claim 1, said work-rest being provided with adjustable'gauge means for facilitating the adjustment fofthe work, held by the work-supporting tool, to the abrading surfaces of said abradi'ng elements, prior to subjecting the work to the abrading, lapping or polishing operations.

11, A machine of the character indicated, comprising a series of power-driven, staggered abrading elements, individual, relatively fixed work-rest support and guide means provided for each element, disposed substantially at right angles to the latter, and means for adjusting said support and guide means in respect to said elements.

12. The combination with a machine, as set forth in claim 11, of a work-rest placeable upon any oneof said guide means and movable, bodily.

both longitudinally and in an arc about the longitudinal center axis of said guide means.

13. The combination with a machine, as set forth in claim 11, of a. work-restvplaceable upon any one of said guide means and movable, lbodily, both longitudinally and in an arc about the longitudinal center axis of said guide means, said work-rest having a substantially horizontal base,

a pair of spaced guide means-engaging instruf,

mentalities depending from said work-rest and adapted to straddlesaid guide means and to always maintain the work-rest at its intended, proper relation to said guide means, and consequently to said abrading elements. Y V

14. The combination with a machine, as set forth in, claim 11, of a work-rest placeable upon any one of said guide means and movable, bodily, both longitudinally and in an arc about the longitudinal center axis of said guide means, said work-rest being composed of a substantially' fat 15. In a machineof the` character indicated, a

Work-rest comprising a base, a frame pivotally associated therewith, an upright forming a part of the frame, a tool-holder supported by the upright, thebase having a pair of spaced, aligned, friction-reducing supports, the pivot for the frame being disposed in the vertical center plane passing through' said supports, the longitudinal center axis of' said tool-holder being substantially distanced from the vertical center' plane of'said supportsjthe base forming a graduated gear segment, a disengageableworm pivotally associated with said frame and adapted tov normally engage the gear segment, an index provided with the frame for thegraduation of the Igear segment,

stop means secured withv the frame for fixing l the adjusted position of the latter in respect to the base;4 a collet chuck revolvably mounted in said tool-holder and provided with a worm gear and a' graduated annulus, a releasable worm pivotally secured to the'tool-holder bodyand adapted to normally engage said worm gear, an index for the graduation of the annulus-secured also to the body of `the tool-holder, and means for fixing the chuck in its adjusted position in Vrespect to the tool-holder.

16. In a machine as set forth in claim l5, fixed collet guide means within said collet chuck, a collet held by the chuck and having corresponding fixed exterior guide means, both guide means preventing the collet from rotating, but allowing its longitudinal movement in respect to the chuck, a work-holding tool in said collet, fixed interior guide means within thc collet, fixed exterior guide means provided with the tool and cooperating with said interior collet guide means for preventing the rotation of the tool, .but permitting its longitudinal adjustment in said collet, stop means provided with the tool for limiting its longitudinal movement into the collet, a work-supporting head at the exterior end of the tool, and means provided with said head for preventing the movement of work supported by the head.

17. In a machine of the character indicated, a work-rest consisting of a base and a frame pivoted therewith and angularly adjustable and movable horizontally thereto, an upright forming a part of the frame, a horizontal journal in the upright, a tool-holder revolvable in said journal, a pair of fixed annuli forming parts of theupright about the journal, one annulus having a graduation, a xed index provided with the toolholder and cooperating with said graduation, an adjustable instrumentality secured to the toolholder and cooperating with the other annulus for controlling the swinging operation of the tool-holder in its journal, the longitudinal center axis of the tool-holder being disposed in a vertical plane which is substantially distanced from the point of pivotal connection between the base and the frame.

18. In a machine, as set forth in claim 17, a

pair of spaced and aligned friction-reducing supporting extensions provided Iat the bottom of the base, a collet chuck revolvably mounted in said tool-holder, a collet in said chuck, a work-supporting tool in said collet, means provided with said chuck, said collet and said work-supporting tool for preventing rotary movement of the tool in respectA to said chuck, the latter being provided 'with annular chuck-operating means and an annular, graduated member, a fixed indicator extending from the body of the tool-holder and over the graduation of said member, an adjustable and retractable gauge provided with the base, said gauge being adapted to cooperate with the Work-supporting tool for pre-setting work, supported by the tool, to a proper position i'n respect to the abrading surface of abrasive means, to theabrading action vof which the work is to be subsequently subjected.

LOUIS HELFGO'II'.

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