US2250358A

US2250358A - Permanent waver

Info

Publication number: US2250358A
Application number: US389637A
Authority: US
Inventors: Cirillo John
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1941-04-21
Filing date: 1941-04-21
Publication date: 1941-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 1958-07-22

Description

y J. CIRILLO 2,250,358

PERMAN NT WAVER Filed April 21, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 22,1941. J. CIRILLO PERMANENT WAVER Filed April 21, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 g l II I s II. s i v Patented July 22, 1941 UNITED smrss 16 Claims.

This invention relates to 'hair curlers, and particularly, 'a hair curler with which the user mayimpart a permanent wave to her own hair.

An-object of' the invention is to provide apparatuswith-whichthe user may give herself a Croquignole type wave wherein, after a lock ofhair' is woundtightly around a mandrel, heat is' applied by a heater surrounding the tightly wound hair.

'Another'object of "the inventionis to provide a permanent wave apparatus with'which, after the hair "has been'ti'ghtly wound on .a mandrel and heated" bya surrounding heatenthe heater may be removed and the curl left to cool and set with-the hair retaining portion. of the mandrel inside the curl. It is further proposed to provide aspecialmandrel:assembly having a hair-retaining portion easily separable from the handle portionso' as to avoid drooping or sagging of the curl under the weight of the mandrel assembly, and, -further, 'to avoid awkward obstructions on the user s'head. Also, it'is intended .to provide amandrelwhich cooperates'with the heat applying' elementtightlyto grip acurl' during heating, but whichman'drel'later may be removed-from the "curl "without uncurling, or altering-the. shape ofthe'setcurlwhatsoever.

Another-object is to .provide'a heat applying unit in'whichtthe' heater. element is isolated from the hair and scalp so.:;as to avoid any'burning of the nsers's'calp.'orhair,'but wherein'heat is thoroughly and uniform'ly applied to the curl.

And-'stillfurther objects are'to provide a per.-

ma'nent "waver' which may *be handled by the feel thereof; or'requirin'g at the most a simple, I

single" mirror;- a waver whichmay be held easily and without'strain or fatigue on the user which may 'be easily disassembled and assembled for cleaning; andwhic'h will not only impart permanent waves of ,pleasing appearance, but-in the use-of which-the' user will not appear at adisadvantage at anytime; Theseand other advantages and objectives'will' be apparent. from the following specification and drawings, .in which:

Fig. his a view showing the device .in use during thefirst part of the procedure;

"--Fig.'-2 shows the device in use during application'of heat;

*Figf3 "shows'several'mandrel'unitsstill' in place while the'curls'are' cooling and setting; v

Fig. 4 is an isometric view showing the .assembiy of parts;

Fig. 5: is a" view, partially in vertical section, showingthe'complete device;'

Fig. 6 isa transverse'section along the lineB-G of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a transverse section'alongthe line T-l of Fig. 5;

Fig. 8 is a view'showing themandrel assembly removed from theposition shown-in-Fig. 5-; and

Fig. 9' is a view'showing an insulating cover for a portion ofthe heater.

Referring first to Figs. '4 to '8, inclusive, the reference'numeral denotes a hollow cylindrical handle, preferably of material having good heat insulating properties such asfound in any one of several well known-plastics; 'Supported'on the handle is a hollow receiver '4-"which"is'iopen at both'ends and has 'a'longitudinal slot'fi in the side wall thereof and extending'to the-upper end. Preferably the receiver 4" isformed of aluminum or other metal having relatively good heat conducting properties; .shown best in Fig; 5, thereceiver '4' has a tapering seat 8*flanged inwardly from'the inner side wallbelow the end of the slot 6, 'seat '8 beingsubstantially 'frustoconical in form; Thelower end; of receiver-4. is threaded at iii to ahollow coup-ling H, :which in turn is" threaded as" indicated at I4 to a metal spool IS, the lowerend of spool I6 being-suitably aflixed to the upper end-of handle '2. Coupling l2 and spool l5 are-also formed of metaLsuch as aluminum, having good'heat conductive properties.

An electric resistance element I8 is' wound on spool l6 and covered, as indicated'by the reference numeral 2%). At the lower end of spoollli a guardpiece 22 is fiangedoutwardly so as to notify the user when her hand approaches the resistance element and so as to'hold'theresistance element spaced from a table or the like'when the device is .at rest. At the lower end of the handle an insulated cord2 l'is shown, cord .24 passing through handle 2 to resistance element l8 .and having a plug (not shown) at the other-'endfor connection witha standard electric outlet socket.

.At the upper end of Figs. land 5 a mandrel 26 is shown, the mandrel being split to provide spaced jaws 28, '28, the lower free. ends of'which terminate in'tapered outer faces'30, 30,; Removably attached to the upper end of mandrel ZB'is a handle 32 having a socket '34 into'which a-plug element 36' at the upperend of mandrel 26 is releasably engageable by means of bayonet slot 38 in socket '34 and pinMl-on the periphery of plug element 36. The handle 3015 also" providedwit-h an abutment flange 52 which limits the downard-movement of the mandrelassembly into the hollow'receiver.

It is thus seen that the mandrel assembly including the mandrel proper and the handle, fits down into the upper open end of receiver 4. The mandrel assembly is held against displacement in the hollow receiver by the frictional engagement of the outer wall of socket 34 with the upper inner wall of the receiver. Comparing the condition of the mandrel as shown in Fig. 8 with that of Fig. 5, after the mandrel has been inserted into the receiver, it is seen that when the tapered free ends of jaws 3f], and 28, 28 are in place inside the receiver, the tapered free ends engage a tapering seat inside the receiver and, as the mandrel is pressed downwardly in the socket, tapering seat 8 forces the jaws together, thus to grip a curl of hair wound on the mandrel as will be later described.

In using the device it is intended that several mandrels 26 be available for connection with handle 32.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 to 3, inclusive, the device operates as follows: Taking the mandrel assembly shown in Fig. 8, a strand of hair is isolated, inserted in the slot between jaws 28 of the mandrel and then wound as shown in Fig. l. The receiver is then taken in one hand and inserted over the mandrel with the hair passing from the mandrel to the scalp through slot 6 in the receiver. After the receiver has been placed over the curl, the mandrel may be turned by rotation of the handle 32 in order to give the curl a final tightening. The receiver is then held in the position shown by Fig. 2 for a sufiicient length of time, such as four, six or eight minutes, depending upon the hair texture and size of the curl, and then removed. Next, handle 32 is slightly rotated relative to mandrel 26 so as to free pin from the bayonet slot, and then the handle is removed, thus leaving only the mandrel proper inside the curl. It is apparent that removal of the receiver 4 from around the curl also relaxes jaws 28 slightly from the curl so that the curl may be slightly adjusted, if necessary, after the receiver is removed. 26 will also retain some heat inside the curl to provide gradual cooling and final setting of the curl. Various hair waving and curl setting compositions may be used or may be applied to the hair, if desired, without danger of electrical shock to the user since the electrical resistance element. i8 is completely isolated from the hair.

Reverting to Fig. 5 it will be seen that heat from resistance element I8 is conducted by the metal of coupling 12 and receiver 2 to the outside of the curl and additionally, to the inside of the curl and mandrel jaws 28 through metal to metal contact of the lower ends of the jaws with the tapering seat 8, and also to the inside of the curl through the hollow central portions of the spool l4, coupling [2 and receiver 4. Thus, even heat is applied throughout the entire crosssection of the curl. Heat loss through the slot 6 is deterred since, in operation, the slot is substantially closed by the hair itself, which has relatively good insulating properties. Fig. 9 illustrates a sleeve 44 of insulating material which may be placed over receiver 4 to deter heat loss and also to protect the user. If desired a thermostatic control element may be provided for limiting the amount of heat produced by the resistance element.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific features shown and described, and that the full range of equivalents It is also apparent that the mandrel and substitutions are to be attributed to the following claims.

I claim:

1. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving element having an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereof extending from said upper end, heater means on said receiving element, handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head of the user, a plurality of mandrels, each engageable into said receiving element, and a handle detachably engageable with one end of said mandrels whereby after strands of hair are wound on said mandrels, said mandrels may be inserted,

successively, into said receiver for heating, with the strand of hair extending out through said slot to the users scalp, removed from said receiver, and detached from said handle.

2. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving element having an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereof extending from said upper end, heater means on said receiving element, handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head of the user, a mandrel engageable into said receiving element through said open upper end, and abutment means on said mandrel engageable with said upper end for limiting the movement of said mandrel into said receiver.

3. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving element having an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereof extending from said upper end, heater means on said receiving element, handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head of the user, a mandrel engageable into said receiving element through said open upper end, and means on said mandrel engageable with the upper end of said receiver for holding said mandrel in placed position.

4. A hair waving apparatus as claimed in claim 3, the last-mentioned means comprising an element on said mandrel complementary with the inner side of the upper end of the receiver and frictionally engageable therewith.

5. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving element having an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereof extending from aid upper end, heater means on said receiving element, handle means for supporting said receiving element adjacent the head of the user, a mandrel engageable into said receiving element through said open upper end, said mandrel including a pair of jaws connected at one end, said jaws being spaced from one another at the lower end of said mandrel, and surface means on the inner wall of said receiver for engaging said jaws to force the jaws toward one another when said mandrel is inserted into said receiver.

6. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 5, said surface means comprising a flange extending inwardly from the inner wall of the receiver. a I

'7. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 5, the free ends of said jaws being tapered.

8. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 5, said surface means comprising an annular flange extending inwardly from the inner wall of the receiver and having an inverted frusto-conical upper surface, the free ends of saidtjaws being tapered. I

9. A hair waving apparatus, comprisingatub u lar receiving element having an open. upper end and a slot through the-side wall extending from said upper end for receiving a mandrel with hair wound thereon, a handle, means mounting said handle on the lower end of said receiver, and an electric-resistance element on the lower end of said receiving element.

10. A hair waving apparatus, comprising a tubular receiving element for surrounding a curl of hair and having open upper and lower ends and a slot through the side wall thereof extending from said upper end for allowing a strand of hair to extend from the curl to the exterior of the element, handle means on said receiving element for supporting the same adjacent the head of the user, an electric-resistance element, and means mounting said electri'cresistance element at the lower end of said receiving element whereby the heat from said resistance element may pass directly to the interior of said receiving element to heat the curl therein.

11. A hair curling apparatus as claimed in claim 10, said receiving element and the means mounting said resistance element at the lower end thereof being formed of metal having relatively good heat-conducting properties whereby to transmit heat to the outer side of a curl in said receiving element.

12. A hair waving apparatus comprising a tubular receiving element for surrounding a curl of hair and having open upper and lower ends and a slot through the side wall thereof extending from said upper end for allowing a strand of hair to extend from the curl to the exterior of the element, an electric-resistance element mounted at the lower end of said receiving element, and a handle secured to the lower end of said receiving element, said handle and said receiving element forming an elongated, rod-like structure, said receiving element being formed of metal having relatively good heatconducting properties, said handle being formed of heat-insulating material.

13. In a hair waving apparatus as claimed in claim 12, a sleeve formed of heat-insulating material surrounding said receiving element for shielding the user from heat radiating from said receiving element and for conserving heat in said receiving element.

14. In a hair waving apparatus as claimed in claim 12, an elongated mandrel engageable into said receiving element through the upper open end thereof, the upper end of said mandrel having an elongated handle of heat insulating material, said mandrel being formed of metal having relatively good heat conducting properties, said receiving element including a flange extending inwardly from the inner wall thereof to engage the lower end of said mandrel whereby to transmit heat thereto.

15 In a hair curling apparatus, an elongated receiving element comprised of a rigid piece of metal having an open upper end and a slot through the side wall thereof extending for part of the length of said receiving element from said upper end, an inwardly directed, annular flange on the inner wall of said piece, below the lower end of said slot, said flange having an upper surface inclined downwardly irom the inner wall of the piece to a central opening, the lower end of said piece having internal threads thereon, a hollow coupling piece having a central portion the outer wall of which is similar in end view to the outer wall of said receiving element, and upper and lower exteriorly threaded tubular elements extending above and below, respectively sa d central portion, the upper threaded element being threadedly engaged with the threads in the lower end of said piece, an interiorly threaded thimble threadedly engaging the threads on the lower tubular element of said coupllng piece, an electric-resistance element surrounding said rthimble, a hollow cylindrical handle having an exteriorly threaded upper end threadedly engaged in said thimble, and an electric cord connected, at one end, to said electricresistance element and extending through said hollow handle for connection with an electric outlet.

16. In combination with hair curling apparatus asclaimed in claim 16, a mandrel assembly comprising a handlehaving an outwardly directed flange adjacent the lower end thereof and a hollow cylindrical element extending below said flange, said hollow "cylindrical element having a bayonet slot therein, an elongated, rodlike element forming the mandrel proper and having an elongated slot extending upwardly from the lower end thereof to form elongated spaced Jaws, the top end of said rod-like element being substantially complementary with the intenor of said hollow cylindrical element at the lower end of said handle and having a pin thereon engaging in said bayonet slot, the outer wall of the cylindrical element at the lower end of said handle being complementary with the inner wall of the upper end of said piece, the flangeon said handle engaging the upper end of said piece, the length of said mandrel assembly from said flange to the free ends of said jaws being substantially equal to the distance from the upper end of said piece to the lower end of the inclined upper surface of the inwardly directed flange in said piece.

JOHN CIRlLLO.