US2248762A - Directional antennae - Google Patents
Directional antennae Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2248762A US2248762A US246306A US24630638A US2248762A US 2248762 A US2248762 A US 2248762A US 246306 A US246306 A US 246306A US 24630638 A US24630638 A US 24630638A US 2248762 A US2248762 A US 2248762A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- ground
- antennae
- antenna
- component
- directional antennae
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/04—Details
- G01S3/08—Means for reducing polarisation errors, e.g. by use of Adcock or spaced loop antenna systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/02—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic, or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using radio waves
- G01S3/04—Details
- G01S3/06—Means for increasing effective directivity, e.g. by combining signals having differently oriented directivity characteristics or by sharpening the envelope waveform of the signal derived from a rotating or oscillating beam antenna
Definitions
- Directional antennae are known which are composed of individual antennae arranged either to receive or radiate only the vertically polarized waves, in order to do away with errors in direction finding.
- a number of measures have been adopted which relate in part to the construction of the individual or component antennae and in part to the use of screenings.
- the best known antenna of this kind is the so-called Adcock antenna that comprises four vertical radiators which are arranged in the angles of a square and are in pairs interconnected crosswise. The operation of these antenna systems resides in the fact that a vertical antenna can receive or radiate such waves only as are vertically polarized, this antenna not responding to waves polarized horizontally.
- these lines in the case of the known arrangements are provided with a screening or are buried in the ground, in order to increase the screening efiect.
- a vertical antenna in order to receive only vertically polarized waves, must be clear of any neighbouring objects. For instance, if such antenna is mounted on the ground then it does not respond to the vertical component only but will be sensitive also to horizontally polarized waves. This disturbing influence is due to the fact that the electric constants of the ground are not the same in all directions. Every dissimilarity in the electric conductivity of the ground causes the electric lines of force to be in part inclined with respect to the earths surface, thus producing an asymmetric distribution of the lines of force. Therefore, the electric behaviour of a vertical antenna mounted on non-uniform ground is not the same as if such antenna were clear of any neighbouring objects or were stood on ideal ground.
- the invention proposes not to mount the antenna system directly on the ground, this usually being nonuniform, but to arrange it on a plane ground formed of uniform conductive material constituting a large-sized body. Also, in accreasing the conductivity thereof.
- the said horizontalinterconnectors are embedded in this ground.
- the invention thus provides an artificial ground that consists of a homogeneous material and which consequently is free from any dissimilarity.
- the electric lines of force extend at right angles to such artificial ground, whereby a symmetric distribution of the lines of force is obtained.
- a Vertical antenna erected on such ground is of the same action as if it were clear of any neighbouring parts.
- An antenna system of this kind thus will receive none but vertically polarized waves, the horizontal component being completely suppressed.
- wire network or the like has been arranged as a ground structure. This means, however, has proved not to present the required uniformity because these wire structures oxidize and thereby fail to the 01' the same conductivity throughout. Apart from this, such wire structures do not constitute a body large enough always to stand the influence of the transmitting oscillations, but are a means that may happen to share in these.
- the novel antenna arrangement will be of special advantage if arranged above a receptacle in which an electrically conducting liquid is contained.
- a reservoir containing water will be suitable, such being the case especially if salts are dissolved in the water, thus in- Since the liquid may be considered a homogeneous or uniform body the surface of the water will act as a perfectly plane ground incapable of effecting field distortions.
- Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation of this embodiment, while Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view thereof.
- reservoir l is filled with water or another conductive liquid.
- the earth below the antenna system is given an equal conductivity throughout.
- the earth may be continually impregnated with a liquid, such as water, for example.
- a tubular system may be arranged below the antenna system, in order to supply the liquid in uniform distribution to the earth.
- the well known drainage tubes will be particularly suitable in this connection.
- the invention is applicable to all those antenna systems which are to receive or radiate none but vertically polarized waves. Also there is no limitation as regards the wave length. It is merely necessary to accommodate the dimensions of the ground structure to the wave length employed in the respective case. The invention is of special advantage with short-wave and ultrashort wave systems, as in these cases the artificial ground may be comparatively small.
- a directional antenna system comprising component antennae, a plane ground common to said component antennae comprising homogeneous electrically conducting material arranged in a pit having lateral dimensions greater than that occupied by said component antennae and supporting said antennae and having such a depth as to give said ground a large mass to substantially prevent self-oscillation, and interconnectors for the component antennae, said interconnectors being embedded in the said homogeneous ground.
- a directional antenna system comprising component antennae, a plane ground supporting said antennae and comprising a reservoir containing an electrically conducting liquid.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Support Of Aerials (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE512705X | 1937-12-20 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2248762A true US2248762A (en) | 1941-07-08 |
Family
ID=6548207
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US246306A Expired - Lifetime US2248762A (en) | 1937-12-20 | 1938-12-17 | Directional antennae |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2248762A (xx) |
FR (1) | FR847721A (xx) |
GB (1) | GB512705A (xx) |
NL (2) | NL54848C (xx) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2422026A (en) * | 1943-07-28 | 1947-06-10 | Rca Corp | Radio direction finding |
US2922158A (en) * | 1956-05-14 | 1960-01-19 | Boeing Co | Radar corner reflector with electrically conductive liquid reflective surface |
-
0
- NL NL91154D patent/NL91154B/xx unknown
- NL NL54848D patent/NL54848C/xx active
-
1938
- 1938-12-17 US US246306A patent/US2248762A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1938-12-19 FR FR847721D patent/FR847721A/fr not_active Expired
- 1938-12-20 GB GB37034/38A patent/GB512705A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2422026A (en) * | 1943-07-28 | 1947-06-10 | Rca Corp | Radio direction finding |
US2922158A (en) * | 1956-05-14 | 1960-01-19 | Boeing Co | Radar corner reflector with electrically conductive liquid reflective surface |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR847721A (fr) | 1939-10-16 |
NL54848C (xx) | |
GB512705A (en) | 1939-09-22 |
NL91154B (xx) |
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