US2248752A - Radio transmitter for obtaining course lines - Google Patents

Radio transmitter for obtaining course lines Download PDF

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Publication number
US2248752A
US2248752A US254586A US25458639A US2248752A US 2248752 A US2248752 A US 2248752A US 254586 A US254586 A US 254586A US 25458639 A US25458639 A US 25458639A US 2248752 A US2248752 A US 2248752A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
antenna
radio transmitter
chains
phase
antenna structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US254586A
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English (en)
Inventor
Goldmann Joachim
Rudolf V Ottenthal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel Lucent Deutschland AG
C Lorenz AG
Original Assignee
Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG filed Critical Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG
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Publication of US2248752A publication Critical patent/US2248752A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves

Definitions

  • Transmitting arrangements for obtaining course lines are known, in which an antenna structure of predetermined directive property is combined with a second antenna structure which is continually fed from a high frequency generator.
  • a continually fed linear antenna which, as is well known, has a circular characteristic
  • a directional antenna structure of double-circular directional characteristic is employed, then by combining the two alternately in a definite rhythm, such as the rhythm of the a-n or dot-dash method, and in accordance with phase coincidence and phase opposition, cardioidshaped radiation diagrams or patterns result which alternately overlap each other and by the point of intersection of which a course line is determined.
  • the contiuously fed linear antenna is replaced by an antenna structure possessed of predetermined directive property in a manner not to produce cardioid-shaped patterns but clubshaped ones, for instance.
  • the invention is concerned with the mode of keying, that is, the phase reversal of the directive antenna structure arranged for cooperation with the continually fed antenna structure.
  • the known methods of this kind employ a currentreversing switch or an arrangement of electron tubes which are alternately rendered eiective and ineffective.
  • the arrangement of a reversing switch has the disadvantage that the entire high frequency power flows over .the contacts thereof. This arrangement is therefore only suitable in the case of small transmitting power.
  • Another disadvantage due to the use of a reversing switch is that multi-polar contacts are to be switched here in a manner to open and close them all at exactly the same time, this being a requirement which, for constructional reasons, is difficult to fulll.
  • the arrangements as provided by the invention have the advantage that the switching operations are not effected in the energy flow. Another advantage is that only uni-polar contacts are necessary.
  • the invention further aims to avoid the load variations that otherwise arise through inaccuracies of switching.
  • suitable means comprising filter chains, for instance, are interposed in the feed line for the antenna structure adapted to be keyed, namely, means the short-circuit resistance or no-load resistance of which constitutes such a load for the transmitter even during the transit time or reversal of the keying contacts that the current of the continuously fed antenna structure shall remain of the same amount.
  • Another feature of the invention consists in constructing the filter chains after the manner of a bridge connection whose arms are alternately short-circuited and opened by means of a change-over contact, as will be understood from the following description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings which show two embodiments of the invention. In these drawings,
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the circuit arrangement of one embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is a wiring diagram of a detail adapted for use in connection with the arrangement represented in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3 shows a circuit arrangement of the second embodiment
  • Fig. 4 represents the circuit arrangement of still another embodiment
  • Figs. 5a and 5b are diagrams that serve to explain the function of arrangements according to Fig. 4.
  • a linear antenna l is continually fed from a high frequency generator 3 over a line 2.
  • superimposed upon the radiation of antenna I is the radiation of a directive antenna system composed of antennae li, 5. 'I'he phase reversal in the antenna system 4, 5 is effected in the following manner.
  • the power from generator 3 is alternately conducted by either one or the other of two current paths I, II connected in parallel. Both these paths are of the same line lag which, for instance, corresponds to a phase displacement of degrees.
  • To such end lter chains 6, l, 3, 9 are included in the paths I, II. These paths are at their output end interconnected crosswise, in order that the phase of one such path shall be in opposition to that of the other path.
  • the keying is effected by alternately opening and closing contacts I0, II. Whenever contact II is closed, while contact II) is open, as shown by way of example, the energy ows over the lter chains 6, 1 of path I.
  • the filter chains have a Very high short-circuit resistance and a low no-load resistance.
  • Fig. 1 The arrangement according to Fig. 1 is based on the assumption that the contacts I0, II shall precisely operate one immediately after the other. However, this condition is difcult to fulfil. If not fulilled, the contacts III, II thus happening to be momentarily opened or closed Iboth at the same time, then the arrangement shown in Fig. 1
  • iilter chain I2 which likewise has a Very high short-circuit resistance, while having a low no-load resistance.
  • the very high short-circuit resistance of the lter chains 6, 8 will influence filter chain I2 at the output end thereof to produce the noload condition thereof.
  • This chain I2 hence acts as a low rio-load resistance since the high resistance causes it to operate as though it were substantially open circuted and thereby prevents the power from increasing in consequence of such inaccuracy of switching the contacts I0, I I. If, however, the contacts I, II are momentarily open both at the same time, the low no-load resistance of the filter chains 6, 8 will act on lilter chain I2 at the output end thereof, whereby this lter chain I2 will be of very high resistance. Thus the abnormal low resistance of the circuit would drain energy to reflectors 4, 5 in the abscence of filter chain I2.
  • the device I2 is so dimensioned that its short-circuit resistance or noload resistance, as the case may -be in cooperation with lters 6 and 8, shall constitute such a load for antenna I during the reversal of the keying contacts that the radiation thereof will be invariably the same.
  • an adjustable filter chain I3 may be arranged as shown in Fig. 3.
  • the continually fed antenna structure may Ibe a directional antenna system composed of radiators I4, I5, IE5 spaced apart by distances equal to M2, A being the operative wave length.
  • I4 a directional antenna system composed of radiators I4, I5, IE5 spaced apart by distances equal to M2, A being the operative wave length.
  • any other antenna structure may be arranged instead in accordance with special requirements.
  • the linear antenna I is likewise continually fed from high frequency generator 3 over line 2.
  • the radiation of the directional antenna system composed of radiators 4, 5, for instance, is superimposed in phase coincidence and phase opposition alternately.
  • the phase reversal in antenna system 4, 5 is in accordance with the invention effected by a bridge connection 6'.
  • This bridge connection l comprises two equivalent inductances LI, L2, two equivalent capacities Cl, C2, and a capacity C3 which is of double the value of CI or C2.
  • Generator 3 is connected with terminals I1, I8 of the bridge 6.
  • Antenna system 4, 5 is joined to terminals I9, 20 thereof.
  • the keying is effected with the aid of a change-over switch 2
  • the mid-position of switch 2I is designated c.
  • Filter I2 is provided for equalizing energy fed to antenna I during reversal of the switch frame from a to b.
  • Figs. 5a and 5b the lter chains rendered effective in accordance with the two switch positions a, b are represented.
  • Fig. 5a corresponds to position a.
  • Fig. 5b corresponds to position b.
  • the reference characters of Figs. 5a, 5b are, as far as possible, in accord with those of Figs. 1 to 4.
  • the polarity of the output end of bridge 6 is alternately reversed by the operation of switch 2
  • lIhe parallel resonant circuit comprising LI, CS/Z, Fig. 5a, or comprising L2, C3/2, Fig. 5b, has a resistance of innite magnitude and is hence ineffective in the case of parallel connection.
  • a radio transmitter for obtaining course lines which comprises a high frequency generator, an antenna structure connected to be continually fed by this generator, a directive antenna structure arranged for cooperation With this continually fed antenna structure, said directive antenna structure comprising a plurality of radiation units, transmission means for energizing said radiating units in phase displaced relation with respect to said antenna structure, lter chains in said transmission means, meansy for connecting said lter chains to said directive antenna structure to respectively energize said units in phase reversal relations, and means for alternately short circuiting one of said iilter chains and opening the other to reverse the phase conditions of said directive antenna structure.
  • a radio transmitter according to claim 1, wherein the continually fed antenna structure comprises three dipoles spaced apart by distances equal to one half of the operative wave length.
  • a radio transmitter according to claim 1 in which the filter chains are comprised in a bridge connection and in which a change-over switch is employed for alternately short-circuiting and opening two arms of this bridge connection.
  • a radio transmitter in which the filter chains are comprised in a bridge connection having two side arms and a third arm between these, and containing two equivalent inductances and two equivalent capacities in these side arms and a capacity in the said third arm, the latter capacity being double that of each of the two other said capacities, a change-over switch being employed for alternately short-circuiting and opening the two capacities located in the side arms of the bridge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US254586A 1938-02-05 1939-02-04 Radio transmitter for obtaining course lines Expired - Lifetime US2248752A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEL94150D DE728287C (de) 1938-02-05 1938-02-05 Sendeanordnung zur Erzielung von Kurslinien

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2248752A true US2248752A (en) 1941-07-08

Family

ID=5836413

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US254586A Expired - Lifetime US2248752A (en) 1938-02-05 1939-02-04 Radio transmitter for obtaining course lines

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2248752A (en(2012))
CH (1) CH220778A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE728287C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR866392A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL58571C (en(2012))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418124A (en) * 1942-09-07 1947-04-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Directive antenna array
US2462881A (en) * 1943-10-25 1949-03-01 John W Marchetti Antenna
US2578961A (en) * 1948-01-15 1951-12-18 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-guiding system
US2582894A (en) * 1945-07-26 1952-01-15 Williams Frederic Calland Wireless beacon system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2418124A (en) * 1942-09-07 1947-04-01 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Directive antenna array
US2462881A (en) * 1943-10-25 1949-03-01 John W Marchetti Antenna
US2582894A (en) * 1945-07-26 1952-01-15 Williams Frederic Calland Wireless beacon system
US2578961A (en) * 1948-01-15 1951-12-18 Fr Sadir Carpentier Soc Radio-guiding system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH220778A (de) 1942-04-30
NL58571C (en(2012)) 1946-12-16
DE728287C (de) 1942-11-24
FR866392A (fr) 1941-08-04

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