US2005798A - Directional apparatus - Google Patents

Description

.lune 25, 1935 W. MOSER DIRECTIONAL APPARATUS Filed May 5l, 1930 `INVENTOR WILHELM MOSER BY ,/'lv

/z/mH/i/ ATTORNEY Patented June 25,1935 290.5978 ,i

` t. amavas'f l@ nrREC'rIoNALarrRA'rUs Wilhelm Moser, ,Berlin, Germany, assigner to TelefunkenmGesellschaft `iiir Dralitlose Telegraphie m. b. H., Berlin, Germany, a corporation' oi'fGermany Y. u i. i j

Application May 31, 1930, serial No. 457,830 i In Germany August 31, 1929 2 claims. (ci: 25o-11)' i y `It has been y'ascertained that horizontal anthe twin contacte of arelayf However, this form tennae offer certain advantages over vertical anof construction still involves the demerit that the tennae both for the transmission and the recep- `rate of speedat which the changes occur in .the tion of shortl waves. This condition holds good yconnecticns of the antennae d1 and d2 is limlted 5 particularly for directional antenna, most espeby the relay speed. An embodiment whichpon- 5 cially when a marked beamor bunchingaction is 4 stitutes anv improvement in this respect is illusto' be insured horizontally and vertically." The4 trated in Fig. 3` in which alternate detuning by essence and basic element of ahorizontal antenna the aid of the gear-wheel f is insured by virtue is the horizontal dipole, and the latter itself, as of the changes `in capacities g1 and g2 brought l0 `known ,from theory, possesses a directive action. `about by the rotation ofthe said gear-wheel. In 10 Hence, ahorizontal dipole or an antenna consistthis manner, circuit-change rates are obtained 4 ing of horizontal dipoles is not readily suited for being equal to the circumferential speed times ybroadcast transmitters in which the main point numberof teeth. Arrangements in this scheme aimed at is `to insure equally or fairly good radiare sochosen that the capacity g1 must have its 1 5 Y ationin all directions or at least in several direc-V crest value when g2 has its minimum value. 15

tions. f-Hence, if with horizontal antennae insur- Another embodiment is shown in Fig.' 4 in ing a more or less `marked beam action, places which the energy leads h1 and h2 are connected located also outsidewthe directional `diagram are with thecoupling coils ci and c2, said leads in turn to be reached, then a plurality` of antennae must being brought to the two directive antennae being,

be alternatively used. In'actual operation such for instance, of what is known as the Christ 20 `alternate use may be found a. handicap under mas tree type, wherein the sets of radiators i1 certain circumstances. This would be true, for and i2 are arranged in a vertical plane, the planes instance, of transmissions or signals of a broadbeing at right angles with respect to each other cast nature which must be received.l and transso that each set is directive in a different direction. mitted-simultaneouslyin several directions. Now, In parallel relation to the coupler coils ci and c2 25 in cases of this kind thepresentv disclosure indiis a series connection of capacities Ici and k2 and cates useful ways and'rneans obviating thesaid inductances Z1 and Z2 which are traversed by difficulty bythe combination of a plurality of diradio frequency currents. The said inductances rective antennae 'acting in various directions and are of the iron-cored type, the iron core being which are operated `alternately at a Sulliciently saturated alternately by auxiliary windings 2 and 30 rectional `diagrams ofboth antenn will be emshort-circuit'in parallel to the coupling coils c1 y rapid or short sequence. By the aid of such an d at an audio frequency rhythm from the audio arrangement two directive antennae mounted at frequency source through the leads mi and m2.` In the same place but in diiferent rmanner may be the presence of saturation of the iron-cores Z1 and so combined that the directions given by the dik1 and Z2, k2 are in series resonance and act as a braced by 011e transmitter 0I' IeCeiVer. and c2. lI-Ience, at the instants when the audio A more complete understanding will `be had of frequency current is one of the auxiliary windings the invention fromthe following specification and 2 or ll saturates the core of said winding the setherefrom when read with `the attached drawing ries circuit associated therewith will be series ill WhCh Fig. 1 SHOWS theharacteristic curve of resonant to the radio frequency current from a 40 a pair of directional `aerials-operated in accordand will short-circuit c1 or c2 and the correance With my invention; sponding antenna will not radiate energy. The

Fig. 2 showsanembodiment of the invention; manner in which alternate saturation may be while brought about will be evident to the man trained Figs. 3 to 5 inclusive show modications of the in the-art and need not be explained here. 45 arrangement 0f Fg- 2; Fig. 5 shows an arrangement in which radio In what follows reference is made to only two` frequency amplifiers m and 11.2 are associated with antennae, though it will be understood that what the coupling coils ci and c2, said ampliers in is set forth may analogously be applied` to any turn -feeding ampliiied energymto the antennae 111 desired number `of antenna. and i2. The amplifier stages 11a-and n2 include 50 Fig. 2 illustrates the simplest arrangement. a transmitter tubes which are alternately rendered denotes a transmitter whose intermediate-circuit operative and inoperative by changing the Value coil b works uponthe two coupling coils ci and zzV of the potential applied to the grid lelectrodes of of antennae d1 Vand d2, respectively. 4The antennaA the tubes. It is well known that'such an alter-V r leads are alternately grounded by the agency of nate change in operation can be produced at 05 ing problem of a transmitter.

As illustrated in Figure 5, the control grids of tubes n1 and n2 aresupplied With equal direct current potentials from source Il) connected, as shown, -With the midpoint ofthe secondary Winding rof van -audio frequency transformer l2. The primary Winding of l2 is energized by audio frequency currents. In this manner potentials op;- posite in sign are applied alternatelywtothecontrol grids of tubes m and n2. superposed on the steady direct -,current po.tential change at an audio frequency vrate the :operative- Aness of tubes n1 and n2 andtherefore change at These potentials said aerial systems, a single high frequency generator, means for inductively coupling said generator to all of said feed circuits simultaneously, and means for detuning said feed circuits successively at an audible frequency rate including, variable reactances connected in parallel with eachof saidrstnamedreactances, `and a source of `audio frequency oscillations coupled to said parallel reactances to vary the same successively. 2. In directional radio apparatus the combina,- tiouoffaradiant energy generator, a plurality of independent directive aerials each connected with a vfeed circuit including an impedance, coupling means-between each of said feed circuits and said generator, a variable impedance in parallel with each vof said rstnamed impedances, each vanetic circuits.

WILHELM MOSER.

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