US2245670A - Oscillation generator - Google Patents

Oscillation generator Download PDF

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Publication number
US2245670A
US2245670A US248816A US24881638A US2245670A US 2245670 A US2245670 A US 2245670A US 248816 A US248816 A US 248816A US 24881638 A US24881638 A US 24881638A US 2245670 A US2245670 A US 2245670A
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electrons
electrode structures
electron
generator
uncoupling
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US248816A
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English (en)
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Hollmann Hans Erich
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Telefunken AG
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Telefunken AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/64—Turbine tubes, i.e. tubes with H-field crossing the E-field and functioning with reversed cyclotron action
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • these two phenomena or actions are combined with each other in such a way that the electrons are first accelerated to very high speeds in sequential alternating frequency or radio frequency longitudinal fields, whereupon, at such high speeds as they have acquired, they are caused to enter into another part of the tube where, in similar fields, they are retarded or decelerated.
  • the periodicity of the uncoupling action may be diminished several, orders of magnitude in comparison with the period of the acceleration process.
  • these high electron velocities allow the production of ultra short waves.
  • R2, R4, R6 are connected together to result in two groups and are connected with thetwo terminals of an audio frequency or radio frequency generator G. If an electron is inside the first tube R1 which happens to be charged negatively, it will not only find a free path ahead of it, but will even be attracted and be drawn into the next cylinder R2. After having entered into this cylinder, the path is blocked. However, before the electron has reached this block, the potential has been reversed, and the electron experiences a new acceleration. It will be evident that the alternating frequency and the increment in the length of the tubes must bear a definite relationship to each other.
  • the highly accelerated electrons enter into another row of smallsized tubes A1, A2, A3 These have a length appreciably smaller than the length of tubelets R, in fact the length of tubelets A becomes smaller and smaller.
  • these tubelets here called uncoupling tubelets, similarly as tubelets R, are connected together in pairs, and they are associated With a suitable oscillatory circuit, say circuit LC. Since the ray pencil is now no longer fed with energy, energy can only be yielded.
  • the electrons impact the circuit L---(; to experience oscillations corresponding to its natural wave-length, and the phase of the alternating potential thus produced at the two groups of uncoupling tubes A is just so that the electrons, upon their passage from one tubelet to the next, are decelerated or retarded.
  • the electrons by electrostatic induction, transfer portions of their energies to the L, C circuit.
  • these tubelets in contrast to tubelets R, must be shorter and shorter.
  • the electrons will strike the collector or gathering electrode F at such residual speed as they may still possess, and are conducted away by it.
  • Fig. l is a simple type of circuit, given to aid in a clear understanding of the principles of the invention.
  • Figs. 2, 3, 4 and 5 show various practical embodiments of oscillation generators, in accordance with the invention.
  • Figs. 2a, 3a and 5a are side views of Figs. 2, 3 and 5 respectively.
  • K denotes a source of electrons of any desired kind which is disposed between two circular plates or discs, each of the latter being divided into two semi-circular segments S1 and S1", and S2 and S2", respectively. Pairs of segments facing each other, that is $1 and S2, and S1" and S2", respectively, are jointly united with the terminals of an audio frequency or radio frequency generator G.
  • the Whole tube is traversed by a homogeneous magnetic field with force-lines at right angles to the plane of the drawing.
  • the electrons issuing from K are first drawn into the positive semicircular field I and they are curved into a roughly circular path so that they pass into the second field. Now, arrangements must be made so that the generator potential, during this time, has just been reversed, so that when the electrons pass from field I into field II they again experience acceleration. Owing to their raised speed, also the radius of curvature of the path or trajectory will be increased so that the electrons travel along an opening spiral at a rate of speed that is stepped up by leaps and bounds.
  • the accelerator field throughout its circumference, is surrounded by a large number of uncoupling or delivery electrodes A1, A2, A: mounted around a circle, the said electrodes being of U-shaped cross-section. These electrodes alternately are connected together to result in two groups A1, A3, A5 and A2, A4, A6, and are'associated with an oscillation circuit LC. By way of the point of symmetry P of the latter, they are kept at a positive direct current voltage.
  • the electrons emerge tangentially from the accelerator field, they first continue to fly through the multiply-subdivided uncoupling field along a circular path, incidentally yielding their energy, in a manner as hereinbefore described, to the circuit L-C. However, they are incidentally retarded and by the action of the magnetic field they are bent together to result in a reduced radius of curvature, until after a multiplicity of convolutions or rotations, they impact the uncoupling electrodes and are thence conducted away.
  • a disc ray in connection with the frequency conversion here disclosed, as is true, for instance, of the arrangement illustrated in Figs. 3 and 3a.
  • This embodiment differs from Fig. 2 only in so far as it comprises a central cathode K and a coaxial electron optic cylinder lens Z which consists, for instance, of four anode rings impressed with different potentials, these annular anodes leaving two annular gaps between themselves.
  • the arrangement of the accelerator and uncoupling (delivery or output) electrodes is exactly the same as in Fig, 2; only the number of the accelerator electrodes has been raised to four.
  • this system is traversed by an electron-optically focussed disc ray the electrons of which, even when they emerge from the cathode, roll" over circular paths, while, when they emerge from the cylinder lens, they are subject to resonant acceleration and in the uncoupling or output system to abrupt and jerky retarding actions.
  • the effect and operation is the same as in the tube illustrated in Fig. 2, so that no further explanations will be needed.
  • FIG. 4 A further improvement upon the embodiments shown in Figs. 2 and 3 results from an arrangement shown schematically in Fig. 4, where the uncoupling electrodes are disposed only upon both sides of the disc ray, and where opposite sheets A and A" are connected by a clip.
  • the connection by groups, as in Figs. 2 and 3, is also used in this case. This affords a chance to cause the disc ray to impinge upon an external ring -T being impressed with a direct current potential and to lead away such electrons as present the wrong phase.
  • FIG. A particularly illustrative example of an ultra-short wave generator is shown in Fig. in the form of the uncoupling part of a tube according to the invention.
  • a great number of radial dipole Wires D1, D2, D3 are here distributed over the periphery of the accelerator field. They are supported by the ring V which at the same time insures the electrical connection of the dipoles in the nodal point of the oscillation and also'closes the accelerator space from the outside.
  • the dipoles "have their inner halves immersed in the electron rotor, and they are excited at phases which are governed by their radiation coupling.
  • the invention is not restricted to the exemplified embodiments here shown; in "fact, it is capable of being carried into efiect in widely varying ways. For instance, any combination at all of electric and magnetic fields is feasible for the production of certain radiation paths.
  • said electrode structures including a coil for producing a substantially uniform magnetic field within said space, a plurality oi spaced electrode structures arranged around the periphery of said orbital space, a tuned circuit, a connection from one terminal of said tuned circuit to alternately positioned electrode structures of said last plurality, and a connection from the other terminal of said tuned circuit to the remaining alternately positioned electrode structures of said last plurality, whereby said electrons are decelerated as they pass by said last electrode structures and 1.
  • the method of generating oscillations of high frequency in an electron discharge device which comprises accelerating electrons in a uniform magnetic field to cause the same to take a spiral path of increasing length but of constant angular velocity, subsequently retarding the flow of electrons and successively subtracting portions of the energies of said electrons during their retarded travel and utilizing the subtracted energy to produce oscillations of a desired frequency.
  • An electronic oscillator comprising a source of electrons, a plurality of spaced electrode structures adapted to be traversed by the electrons emanating from said source, means fordriving said electrons past said electrode structure in curved paths of increasingv radii, another plurality of spaced electrode structures adapted to be successively traversed by said electrons subsequent to the passage of said electrons past said first electrode structures, a tuned circuit, connections between alternately arranged electrode structures of said last plurality, and connections from adjacent electrode structures of said last plurality to opposite terminals of said tuned circelerating said electrons and causing the same deliver energy to said tuned circuit.
  • An ultra short wave oscillation generator comprising an even plurality of electrode structures, greater than two, arranged to enclose an orbital space, an electron emitting electrode located substantially centrally in said enclosed space, means for producing a substantially uniform magnetic field Within said space, connections between alternately arranged electrode structures, a source of alternating current having its terminals connected to said electrode structures such that adjacent electrode structures have opposite instantaneous polarities, a plurality of spaced electrode structures arranged around the periphery of said orbital space, a tuned circuit, a connection from one terminal of said tuned circuit to alternately positioned electrode structures of said last plurality, and a connection from the other terminal of said tuned circuit to the remaining alternately positioned electrode structures of said, last plurality, whereby said electrons are decelerated as they pass by said lastelectrode structures and deliver energy to said tuned circuit.
  • An electronic oscillator comprising within an evacuated envelope a source of electrons, an even plurality of spaced electrode structures adapted to be successively traversed by the electrons emanating from said source, means for driving said electrons past said electrode structures with successively accelerated speeds, another plurality of spaced electrode structures adapted to be successively traversed by said electrons subsequent to the passage of said electrons past said first electrode'structures, a tuned circuit, connections between alternately arranged electrode structures of said last plurality, and connections from adjacent electrode structures of said last plurality to opposite terminals of said tuned circuit, whereby said tuned circuit subtracts energy from said electrons to thereby establish and sustain oscillatory currents in said tuned circuit.
  • the method of operating an electron discharge device which comprises the steps of successively accelerating electrons in a uniform magnetic field, subsequently successively subtracting energy from said electrons with a con-' sequent continual deceleration thereof, and utilizing the subtracted energy to produce ultra high frequency oscillations.
  • the method of operating an electron discharge device which comprises the steps of successively accelerating electrons in a uniform magnetic field to cause the same to take a spiral path of increasing velocity, subsequently successively subtracting energy from said electrons with a consequent continual deceleration thereof, and utilizing the subtracted energy to produce ultra high frequency oscillations.
  • each of said last electrode structures comprising a dipole conductor, whereby said electrons are decelerated as they pass by said dipole conductors and. deliver en- HANS 'ERICH HOLLMANN.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US248816A 1938-02-16 1938-12-31 Oscillation generator Expired - Lifetime US2245670A (en)

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DE2245670X 1938-02-16

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454094A (en) * 1944-01-21 1948-11-16 Scophony Corp Of America Electron discharge device for producing electric oscillations
US2489082A (en) * 1944-07-01 1949-11-22 Forest Lee De High-voltage generator
US2510448A (en) * 1944-10-04 1950-06-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction accelerator
US2531028A (en) * 1946-01-25 1950-11-21 Nicolas C Christofilos Electron accelerating apparatus
US2543082A (en) * 1943-06-22 1951-02-27 David L Webster Cavity resonator device for production of high-speed electrons
US2546255A (en) * 1946-11-09 1951-03-27 Csf Frequency multiplier
US2572551A (en) * 1943-09-01 1951-10-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction accelerator
US2653271A (en) * 1949-02-05 1953-09-22 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
US2683216A (en) * 1946-01-31 1954-07-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Apparatus for accelerating charged particles by causing them to pass through periodically reversing potential fields
DE924820C (de) * 1949-12-19 1955-03-07 Leitz Ernst Gmbh Elektronenzyklotron
US2715697A (en) * 1951-02-27 1955-08-16 Gen Electric Microwave electron discharge device
US2904720A (en) * 1952-11-22 1959-09-15 Bell John Stewart Ion accelerator
US2920228A (en) * 1954-12-13 1960-01-05 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Variable output linear accelerator
DE1146990B (de) * 1958-05-05 1963-04-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Linearbeschleuniger fuer Ionen
US3090925A (en) * 1958-09-17 1963-05-21 Zenith Radio Corp Parametric amplifier
US3233182A (en) * 1958-05-28 1966-02-01 Zenith Radio Corp Parametric electronic signal amplifying methods and apparatus

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2543082A (en) * 1943-06-22 1951-02-27 David L Webster Cavity resonator device for production of high-speed electrons
US2572551A (en) * 1943-09-01 1951-10-23 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction accelerator
US2454094A (en) * 1944-01-21 1948-11-16 Scophony Corp Of America Electron discharge device for producing electric oscillations
US2489082A (en) * 1944-07-01 1949-11-22 Forest Lee De High-voltage generator
US2510448A (en) * 1944-10-04 1950-06-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Magnetic induction accelerator
US2531028A (en) * 1946-01-25 1950-11-21 Nicolas C Christofilos Electron accelerating apparatus
US2683216A (en) * 1946-01-31 1954-07-06 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Apparatus for accelerating charged particles by causing them to pass through periodically reversing potential fields
US2546255A (en) * 1946-11-09 1951-03-27 Csf Frequency multiplier
US2653271A (en) * 1949-02-05 1953-09-22 Sperry Corp High-frequency apparatus
DE924820C (de) * 1949-12-19 1955-03-07 Leitz Ernst Gmbh Elektronenzyklotron
US2715697A (en) * 1951-02-27 1955-08-16 Gen Electric Microwave electron discharge device
US2904720A (en) * 1952-11-22 1959-09-15 Bell John Stewart Ion accelerator
US2920228A (en) * 1954-12-13 1960-01-05 Univ Leland Stanford Junior Variable output linear accelerator
DE1146990B (de) * 1958-05-05 1963-04-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Linearbeschleuniger fuer Ionen
US3233182A (en) * 1958-05-28 1966-02-01 Zenith Radio Corp Parametric electronic signal amplifying methods and apparatus
US3090925A (en) * 1958-09-17 1963-05-21 Zenith Radio Corp Parametric amplifier

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Publication number Publication date
FR850270A (en(2012)) 1939-12-12

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