US2245614A - Electron discharge device - Google Patents

Electron discharge device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2245614A
US2245614A US176565A US17656537A US2245614A US 2245614 A US2245614 A US 2245614A US 176565 A US176565 A US 176565A US 17656537 A US17656537 A US 17656537A US 2245614 A US2245614 A US 2245614A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cathode
electron
auxiliary
cathodes
emissive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US176565A
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English (en)
Inventor
Shockley William
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL65994D priority Critical patent/NL65994C/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US176565A priority patent/US2245614A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2245614A publication Critical patent/US2245614A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/26—Box dynodes

Definitions

  • Y (Cl. Z50-175) 'Ihis invention relates -to electron discharge devices and more particularly to such devices generally known as electron multipliers.
  • One general object of this invention is to improve the operating efficiency and characteristics of multistage electron multipliers.
  • an object of this invention is to obtain substantial convergence of the secondary electron streams emanating from the secondary or auxiliary cathodes in electron multipliers.
  • Another object of this invention is to obviate the use of magnetic focussing or concentrating fields in electron vmultipliers
  • a further object of this invention is to segregate effectively each of the secondary or auxiliary cathodes in a multistage electron multiplier from the field of the preceding electrode so that the field at the emitting surface of each of the auxiliary cathodes does not include a component toward this surface.
  • the electrodes particularly the auxiliary electrodes or cathodes, in a multistage electron multiplier are so constructed and arranged that the various velectron streams emanating from the cathodes are confined to restricted paths and are substantially converged upon desired portions of the next succeeding electrode.
  • reticulated members or rscreens are provided in cooperative relation with thev secondary or auxiliary cathodes, the reticulated members or screens serving to prevent the field of each cathode from producing a component toward the secondary electron emitting surface of a succeeding auxiliaryor secondary cathode.
  • Fig. 1 is an elevational View in perspective of an electron multiplier illustrative of one embodiment of this invention, a portion of the enclosing. vessel and of the electrode assembly being brokenv away to show'elements of the multiplier more clearly;
  • Fig. 2 Vis a side View, partly in section, of the electron multiplier shown in Fig. 1;
  • the electron multiplier illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises an enclosing Vessel I0 having a reducedf domey portion II at one end and an inwardly extending stem at the other end, the stem terminating in a press I2 from which ,a unitary electrode assembly is supported.
  • Theelectrode assembly includes a U-shaped insulating frame having a pairof parallel arms or uprights I3, which may be, for example, mica strips, joined and spaced at one endfby an insulating disc I4, which also may .be of mica.
  • the disc I4 is provided with parallel slots into which integral tongues I5 of the arms or uprights extend and are frictionally fitted.
  • I 4 are a I primary cathode I6, a'collector electrode or anode I1, and a plurality of auxiliary or secondary cathodes
  • the cathode is of nickel, the inner surfaces thereof for only the inner surface of the wall 22 may be coated with beryllium.
  • the cathode or the wall 22 thereof is of silver, the inner surfaces, or only the inner surface of the wall 22, may be treated to form a photoelectrically active coating or matrix including silver, cacsium oxide and somev free caesium.
  • each of the auxiliary or secondary cathodes I8 is in the form of a rectangular box, which may be fabricated of metal sheets, for example, nickel or silver, having a solid -base 23, a solid wall 24 at substantially right anglesto the base 23, end Walls or field plates 40, an open side 25 and an open top.
  • a pair of rigid metallic supports or Wires 26 Secured to each of the secondary or auxiliary cathodes I8 are a pair of rigid metallic supports or Wires 26 which extend between, and are fitted in apertures in the insulating uprights or arms I3.
  • the supports or wires 26 mount the cathodes I8, with the base 23y of each at equal angles, for example, degrees, to the longitudinal axis of the Venclosing vessel I0.
  • each ofthe secondary or auxiliary cathodes I8 has extending thereacross a metallic gridor screen which may be composed oi a plurality of thin parallel wires 29 secured at their ends to the su-pportsor rods 26, as lby welding.
  • each of the secondary or auxiliary cathodes I8 is maintained at a positive potential with respect to the next preceding cathode.
  • the secondary cathode I81 may Abe maintained at a potential of the order of volts :positive with respect to the primary cathode I6 and each of the other secondary or auxiliary cathodes I8 may be maintained at a potential of the order of 100 volts positive with respect to the next preceding one. As shown in Fig.
  • de vices constructedV in accordance Withthis invention may utilize a thermionic cathode, the electron lcurrent ,from which, 'not being Vdistorted by'a magnetic field, maybe controlled readily in accordance With a signal, by -a control grid mounted adjacent the ,primary cathodel Furthermore, uctuations in over-all voltages applied to the electrodesdo not affect the focussing properties of the electrodes.
  • Ani electron multiplier lin accordance with claim 1 comprising field platesat opposite sides of saidemissive portions of said auxiliary cathodes, and 'a plurality of bavemembers, one for each of lsaidv portions, each extending fromthe corresponding one of said portions toWard'the preceding cathode.
  • An Aelectron multiplier in accordance with claim 4 comprising kmeans electrically integral with saidlauxiliary electrodes and at opposite ends-ofsaid rsurfaces for confining the' electron streams emanating from said-surfaces'.
  • An electron multiplier in accordance with claim 8 comprising a plurality of Amber members each electrically integral with a corresponding one of said first and said other plate members, the bailie members integral with said first plate members being substantially parallel to said other plate members, and the baffle members integral with said other plate members being substantially parallel to said first plate members.
  • An electron multiplierv comprising a primary cathode, a collector electrode, a plurality of electrically separate auxiliary electrodes each having a substantially plane secondary electron emissive portion, and an equal number of other auxiliary electrodes in staggered relation With said first auxiliary electrodes and each having a substantially plane secondary electron emissive portion in cooperative relation with and at substantially right angles to the emissive portion of a corresponding one of said iirst auxiliary electrodes.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a collector electrode, and a pair of rows of successively mounted auxiliary electrodes between said primary cathode and said collector elect-rode, the electrodes in each of said rows being in staggered relation with the electrodes in the other of said rows, and each of said auxiliary electrodes including a secondary electron emissive portion and a substantially plane baffle portion extending from one edge of the electron emissive portion and toward the opposite row, both said portions of said auxiliary electrodes being oblique with respect to the corresponding portion of the next preceding electrodc.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a collector electrode, and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes mounted successiveively in staggered relation between said primary cathode and said collector electrode, each of said auxiliary electrodes having a secondary electron emissive portion, a baille member extending toward the preceding electrode and a grid portion opposite said first portion, the electron emissive portions of successive auxiliary electrodes being oblique to one another.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a primary cathode, a collector electrode, and a plurality of auxiliary electrodes mounted successively in staggered relation between said cathode and said collector electrode, each of said auxiliary electrodes including a portion adapted to emit secondary electrons, eld members at opposite ends of said portion, a bave member extending from said portion and at an. angle thereto toward the preceding electrode, and av grid extending from said baffle member and opposite said portion.
  • An electron multiplier comprising a unitary cathode structure including a plate member having a secondary electron emissive surface, electron coniining iield plates extending from two opposite edges of said emissive surface, a. baille extending from another edge of said surface land at an angle thereto, and a screen overlying said emissive surface.

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  • Electrodes For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
US176565A 1937-11-26 1937-11-26 Electron discharge device Expired - Lifetime US2245614A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL65994D NL65994C (en)van) 1937-11-26
US176565A US2245614A (en) 1937-11-26 1937-11-26 Electron discharge device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US176565A US2245614A (en) 1937-11-26 1937-11-26 Electron discharge device

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US2245614A true US2245614A (en) 1941-06-17

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433724A (en) * 1944-05-29 1947-12-30 Farnsworth Res Corp Phototube multiplier
US2824253A (en) * 1953-11-24 1958-02-18 Itt Electron multiplier
US3849644A (en) * 1973-03-28 1974-11-19 Rca Corp Electron discharge device having ellipsoid-shaped electrode surfaces
US4143291A (en) * 1976-04-22 1979-03-06 S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. Dynode for a photomultiplier tube
US4184098A (en) * 1976-04-22 1980-01-15 S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. Cone type dynode for photomultiplier tube

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2433724A (en) * 1944-05-29 1947-12-30 Farnsworth Res Corp Phototube multiplier
US2824253A (en) * 1953-11-24 1958-02-18 Itt Electron multiplier
US3849644A (en) * 1973-03-28 1974-11-19 Rca Corp Electron discharge device having ellipsoid-shaped electrode surfaces
US4143291A (en) * 1976-04-22 1979-03-06 S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. Dynode for a photomultiplier tube
US4184098A (en) * 1976-04-22 1980-01-15 S.R.C. Laboratories, Inc. Cone type dynode for photomultiplier tube

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Publication number Publication date
NL65994C (en)van)

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