US2242907A - Ammunition - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2242907A
US2242907A US216738A US21673838A US2242907A US 2242907 A US2242907 A US 2242907A US 216738 A US216738 A US 216738A US 21673838 A US21673838 A US 21673838A US 2242907 A US2242907 A US 2242907A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
closure
shot
segments
shell
wax
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US216738A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Walter L Finlay
William O Stauffer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Remington Arms Co LLC
Original Assignee
Remington Arms Co LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE434911D priority Critical patent/BE434911A/xx
Application filed by Remington Arms Co LLC filed Critical Remington Arms Co LLC
Priority to US216738A priority patent/US2242907A/en
Priority to GB19098/39A priority patent/GB531203A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2242907A publication Critical patent/US2242907A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/12—Cartridge top closures, i.e. for the missile side
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S524/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S524/925—Natural rubber compositions having nonreactive materials, i.e. NRM, other than: carbon, silicon dioxide, glass titanium dioxide, water, hydrocarbon or halohydrocarbon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to ammunition, particularly to shotfshells, and contemplates improvements in the closing of the bodies of shot shells, in sealing the closure against the entrance of moisture, and in the control of iiring and ballistics by the type and character of the body closure.
  • the invention is particularly adapted to shot shells having paper bodies, but in certain of its aspects is adaptable to bodies of other materials.
  • One object of the invention is to control the confinement and burning rate of the propellant powder by means of the body seal.
  • An associated object is to provide a body seal which can be varied and adapted to the burning characteristics of dierent propellant powders in such a way as to secure the benefit of the maximum energy available in the combustion of the powder without the production of excessive pressure.
  • a further object of the invention is to utilize the end portion of a cylindrical tube, usually a peper tube which constitutes the body of a shot shell, as an end closure, and to do this-in a manner which not only eliminates the necessity for a. separate end closure, usually called a top wad, but actually improves the ballistic properties of the shell.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a suitable means for sealing the ends of shot shell bodies, closed in the manner above-outlined or in any otherdesirable way, in such a manner as to control both pressure and ballistics by means of the seal.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a sealing medium for the bodies of shot shells which is capable of proper adhesion and bonding to the waxed and ironed papers of which such bodies are constructed.
  • the invention consists in the novel constructions, combinations and compositions hereinafter more Y- Y fully described.
  • Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a. shot shell, primed, loaded, and ready for closing.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective of such a. shot shell body after it has been subjected to the first or preliminary closing operation in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective of the body fully closed.
  • Fig. 4 is ak perspective of one form of finished shell, the end closure being covered by a. sealing disk.
  • Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation, showing the upper portion of the body of a fired shell, having segments of the sealing disk adhering thereto.
  • Fig. 6 is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional elevation of a closed and sealed shell, the section being substantially on line @-6 of Fig. 3. It will be noted that the sealing disk and its adhesive shown in Fig. 6 are not present in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. '7 is a. modification, showing a, different form of sealing means, the section line being similar to that used for Fig. 6.
  • the shot shell comprises a body 8, a head i@ of a suitable material, preferably metal, Within which head is contained a base wad li, battery cup i2, primer cup i3, anvil lli, and a priming composition i5.
  • a suitable material preferably metal
  • the ame thereof ignites the charge of propellant powder i6, which powder is separated, by an overpowder wad il and one or more filler wads i3, from the shot charge la.
  • propellant powder i6 which powder is separated, by an overpowder wad il and one or more filler wads i3, from the shot charge la.
  • the universal commercial practice is to place a.
  • Such a closure has a substantially flxed resistance to opening. No part of it can be varied to control pressure or ballistics.
  • the properties of the body paper are fully determined by other considerations. Fragmentation of the top wad, resulting in a cloud of small confetti like ⁇ bits which tend to obscure the target from the shooter, and in firing into the wind are blown back into the shooters face, is obviously undesirable. On the other hand a heavy, hard, unbreakable top .wad interferes with the movement of .the shot and YproducesV poor patterns.
  • a blown pattern is one in which the shot scatter widely, comparatively few remaining within the normal area of shot spread.
  • the present invention contemplates closing the end of a shot shell with an end portion of the material of the body itself in a manner which, instead of producing blown patterns, elects an improvement in pattern, and may be correlated with such other components as powder and primer to eifect loading economies and improved ballistics.
  • the shot charge there are formed by an appropriate tool a number of creases 20 defining substantially triangular areas 2
  • 'Ihe body thus partly closed is then subjected to the action of a rotating die of such a configuration 4as to press the segments 20 into a plane,
  • FIG. 6 A section of the complete end closure is shown in Fig. 6. 'I'he creases identified as 20 in Fig. 2
  • these bodies are invariably treated with a wax, which wax serves the dual purpose of preventing penetration of the bodyby moisture and preventing burning or charting of the body under the intense heat and violent motion of .burning powder grains incident to firing.
  • the bodies are not only waxed but are additionally treated with such a waterproofing medium as China-wood oil. More. over, the waxed bodies are brought to the proper exterior diameter by being forced through hard metal sizing dies. This results in a stock which is not only thoroughly impregnated with wax but is ironed very hard and smooth, so that ordinary bonding agents will not adhere to it.
  • 'I'he present invention comprises 'the discovery of a 75 group of adhesives or sealing materials which can be made to adhere to shot shell body stock with such a tenacity that not only is the closure sealed against moisture but a denite and very substantial pressure is necessary to rupture the seal and permit the shot charge to move.
  • the adhesive and/or disk of material secured to the closure by the adhesive may be so selected as to require a predetermind pressure for the breaking of the seal, thus determining confinement of the powder charge and thereby controlling its burning characteristics.
  • a composition comprising a solution of rubber and/or a rubber like material in v a or wax like material.
  • the "rubber may
  • 'Ihe wax orwax like substance may include paraiiin wax, beeswax, spermaceti, candalilla, carnauba, asphalt, and their natural or synthetic equivalents or mixtures thereof.
  • a preferred composition comprises between 15% and 85% by weight of pale crepe rubber and 15% to 85% of 120 to 140 parailin wax.
  • a suitable amount of butyl methacrylate may be added, likewise a stabilizer, ⁇ pigments, and vulcanization accelerators. It is preferably prepared by heating the wax to a temperature between and 220 F. and adding the rubber in small fragments. 'I'he temperature is thereafter maintained at 'about 180 F. until the pieces of rubber are sumciently softened to permit of disintegration by agitation. The composition is then agitated until the desired viscosity is secured, this viscosity being not less than 8000 secapplied to one side of a-disk of suitable paper,
  • the invention comprises the discovery of other adhesive and sealing materials, usable either by themselves or in conjunction with a disk of paperlike material.
  • adhesive and sealing materials comprise a variety of thermo-plastic resins, such as the polyhydric alcohol esters of polybasic acids, the polymerized cumarones and indenes and mixtures thereof of which the composition known as Nevendine is an example, the reaction product of a terpene with maleic acid or anhydride, a polystyrene resin, chlorinated rubber, the phenol aldehydes and their derivatives, a toluene sulphonamid such as the composition commercially known as Santolite, the natural resins, the polyvinyl esters, the polymerized unsaturated hydrocarbons, and the composition commercially known as Mitchell Rand No. 35. With some of these resins the use of a plasticizer is desirable.
  • As an adhesive there are also available the water, alcohol or other uid dispersions of casein
  • the disk of paper or paperlike material may be omitted, and the strongly adherent body or sheet of Wax-rubber or other suitable material constitute the entire seal.
  • a seal may be variously colored and the desired indicia branded or otherwise impressed therein.
  • a rubber-like material means any natural or synthetic rubber or equivalent thereof as herein described; and a wax-like materia means any of the natural waxes herein described or their natural or synthetic equivalents.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of deformable material and an, exteriorly planar end closure integral with said body and flush with the end thereof, said closure comprising a plurality of abutting segments and 2.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of deformable material and an exteriorly planar end closure integral with said body and positioned at the end thereof, said clo-y nated deformable material and an exteriorly. planar end closure integral with said body and flush with the end thereof, and comprising a plurality of abutting segments and folds joining said segments, said closure including the segments and folds being integral with said body, and athermoplastic adhesive seal affixed to said planar end closure.
  • a shot shell comprisingy a substantially cylindrical body of wax impregnated deformable material and an exteriorly folds joining said segments, said closure including planar end closure integral with said body and flush with the end thereof, and comprising a plurality of abutting segments and folds joining said segments, said closure including the segments and folds being integral with said body, and a seal for said closure including a wax-like material and a rubber-like material.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of wax impregnated deformable material and an exteriorly planar end closure integral with saidvbody and flush with the end thereof, and comprising a plurality of abutting segmentsl and folds joining said segments, said closure including the segments and folds being integral with said body, and a seal for said closure including an adhesive containing a wax-like material, a rubber-like material and a stabilizer.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of wax impregnated deformable material and an exteriorly planar end closure integral with said body and fiush with the end thereof, and comprising a plurality of abutting segments and folds joining said segments, said closure including the segments and folds being integral with said body, and a seal for said closure including a, wax, rubber, and a polymer of isobutylene.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of wax impregnated deformable material and an exteriorly planar end closurel integral with said body and flush with the end thereof, and comprising a plurality of abutting segments and folds joining said segments, said closure including the segments and folds being integral with said body, and a seal for said closure comprising a paper-like disk secured to said planar end closure by a thermoplastic adhesive.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of wax impregnated deformable materialv and an exteriorly planar end closure integral with said body and iiush with the end thereof, and comprising a plurality of abutting segments and folds joining said segments, said closure including the segments and folds being integral with said body, and a seal for said closure comprising a paper-like disk secured to said planar end closure by an adhesive comprising 15% to 85% pale crepe rubber, 85% to 15% parain wax having a melting point between 120 and 140 F., and a stabilizer.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of deformable material and an exteriorly planar end closure flush with the end of said-body and comprising a plurality of segments and folds of said body material joining said segments, said folds diminishing in depth toward the periphery of said body and merging with the planar end thereof, and a seal for said closure comprising a disk of paperlike material of such size as to completely cover and extend beyond the outer ends of said folds, said disk of paper-like material being secured to said planar end closure by a thermoplastic adhesive.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of a wax impregnated fibrous material, an exteriorly substantially planar end closure of said fibrous material integral with said body and comprising abutting segments and inwardly and downwardly extending folds of said brous material joining said segments, and a sealing disk of paper-like material secured to said closure by a thermoplastic adhesive comprising a wax-like material and a rubber-like material.
  • a shot shell comprising a substantially cylindrical body of deformable material and an exteriorly planar end closure integral with said body and flush with the end thereof, said closure comprising a plurality of planar abutting segments located in the plane of the end closure and folds of said body material joining said abutting segments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
US216738A 1938-06-30 1938-06-30 Ammunition Expired - Lifetime US2242907A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE434911D BE434911A (de) 1938-06-30
US216738A US2242907A (en) 1938-06-30 1938-06-30 Ammunition
GB19098/39A GB531203A (en) 1938-06-30 1939-06-30 Improvements in or relating to shot-gun cartridges

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US216738A US2242907A (en) 1938-06-30 1938-06-30 Ammunition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2242907A true US2242907A (en) 1941-05-20

Family

ID=22808311

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US216738A Expired - Lifetime US2242907A (en) 1938-06-30 1938-06-30 Ammunition

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2242907A (de)
BE (1) BE434911A (de)
GB (1) GB531203A (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582124A (en) * 1945-09-15 1952-01-08 Olin Ind Inc Ammunition
US2682222A (en) * 1951-01-26 1954-06-29 Canadian Ind Shot shell sealing
US4991512A (en) * 1989-11-03 1991-02-12 Olin Corporation Moisture seal shotshells

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL259243A (de) * 1960-04-15

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2582124A (en) * 1945-09-15 1952-01-08 Olin Ind Inc Ammunition
US2682222A (en) * 1951-01-26 1954-06-29 Canadian Ind Shot shell sealing
US4991512A (en) * 1989-11-03 1991-02-12 Olin Corporation Moisture seal shotshells
WO1991006824A1 (en) * 1989-11-03 1991-05-16 Olin Corporation Moisture seal for shotshells

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE434911A (de)
GB531203A (en) 1940-12-31

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