US2238634A - Electron multiplier - Google Patents

Electron multiplier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2238634A
US2238634A US203418A US20341838A US2238634A US 2238634 A US2238634 A US 2238634A US 203418 A US203418 A US 203418A US 20341838 A US20341838 A US 20341838A US 2238634 A US2238634 A US 2238634A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
electrode
electrodes
electron
collecting electrode
electron multiplier
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US203418A
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English (en)
Inventor
Flechsig Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FIRM FERNSEH AG
Original Assignee
FIRM FERNSEH AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by FIRM FERNSEH AG filed Critical FIRM FERNSEH AG
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Publication of US2238634A publication Critical patent/US2238634A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J43/00—Secondary-emission tubes; Electron-multiplier tubes
    • H01J43/04—Electron multipliers
    • H01J43/06—Electrode arrangements
    • H01J43/18—Electrode arrangements using essentially more than one dynode
    • H01J43/22—Dynodes consisting of electron-permeable material, e.g. foil, grid, tube, venetian blind

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electron multipliers operating by secondary emission, and more particularly to such multipliers in which an electron stream successively impacts secondarily emissive electrodes supplied with increasing positive potentials.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show such embodiments.
  • the final stages of the multiplier are so arranged that a perforated collecting electrode is interspersed between the last secondary-emitting electrode (which is solid) and the last but one secondary-emitting electrode (which is perforated).
  • the preceding electrodes may have the shapes of meshworks, or any shape as may seem desirable.
  • the collecting electrode is surrounded by electrodes on both sides, it possesses a greater capacitance to ground than the last secondary-emitting electrode, which is at the end of the discharge space and may, therefore, radiate heat particularly well.
  • a photocathode I is located at one end of the vacuum receptacle.
  • the photoemission is multiplied by a plurality of grids 2.
  • the electron stream passes through the perforated collecting electrode 3, impacts solid electrode 4 and returns to collecting electrode 3.
  • the potentials of the electrodes increase in the direction toward the collecting electrode.
  • Electrode 4 possesses the direction of the electron stream, which possess good heat'conductivity but poor heat radiation.
  • Cooling fins 5 which may be distributed in the shape of a star around the periphery of collecting electrode 3, may consist of a good heat conductor which may be provided with a suitable surface (such as, for instance, metallic oxide) in order to obtain good heat radiation.
  • Fig, 2 shows another embodiment.
  • the drawing shows only the final stages in the tube.
  • the collecting electrode is shown at 3, and the last secondary-emitting stage at 4.
  • the collecting electrode in this case fills the entire cross-section of the tube, and is connected to a metallic portion 6 of the vacuum receptacle. This connection is so made as to grant good heat conductivity.
  • Metallic portion 6 is fused to glass portions '1 and 8 in the well-known manner, and may consist of copper or an alloy of chromium and iron.
  • the heat produced at the collecting electrode canunimpededly be radiated into the surrounding space exterior to the vacuum receptacle.
  • a well-cooled anode makes all considerations with respect to the voltage between collecting electrode and previous multiplying stages unnecssary. This voltage can readily be made sufiiciently high to guarantee complete saturation.
  • An electron tube comprising an electron source, a plurality of secondarily-emissive electrodes and a perforated collecting electrode interspersed between two of said secondarily-emissive electrodes, said collecting electrode being providedwith liquid cooling means for conveying substantially all heat into space apart from said secondarily-enfissive electrodes.
  • An electron multiplier device comprising an envelope, a plurality of electrodes therein, said electrodes including a secondary-emissive electrode and an electron permeable collector electrode for receiving electrons emitted from said secondary-emissive electrode, said collector elecnext higher, and collecting anode 3 the highest trode only having a portion thereof in direct con-.-
  • An electron multiplier device comprising an envelope of insulating material including a section of conductive material, and a plurality of electrodes in said envelope including a secondaryemissive electrode and an electron permeable collector electrode for receiving electrons emitted from said secondary-emissive electrode only, said 4.
  • An electronmultiplier device comprising an envelope of insulating material including a metallic section having a channel for the flow of a liquid cooling medium, and a plurality of electrodes in saidoenvelope including a secondaryemissive electrode and an electron permeable collector electrode for receiving electrons emitted from said secondary-emissive electrode, said collector electrode only making contact with said collector electrode making contact with the con- 0 channeled section of said envelope.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
US203418A 1937-04-23 1938-04-21 Electron multiplier Expired - Lifetime US2238634A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE513879X 1937-04-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2238634A true US2238634A (en) 1941-04-15

Family

ID=6548536

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US203418A Expired - Lifetime US2238634A (en) 1937-04-23 1938-04-21 Electron multiplier

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US (1) US2238634A (en))
BE (1) BE427645A (en))
FR (1) FR836986A (en))
GB (1) GB513879A (en))

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728014A (en) * 1951-04-26 1955-12-20 Rca Corp Electron lens for multiplier phototubes with very low spherical aberration

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2728014A (en) * 1951-04-26 1955-12-20 Rca Corp Electron lens for multiplier phototubes with very low spherical aberration

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB513879A (en) 1939-10-24
BE427645A (en))
FR836986A (fr) 1939-01-31

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