US2236552A - Covering article - Google Patents
Covering article Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2236552A US2236552A US264996A US26499639A US2236552A US 2236552 A US2236552 A US 2236552A US 264996 A US264996 A US 264996A US 26499639 A US26499639 A US 26499639A US 2236552 A US2236552 A US 2236552A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blank
- cover
- article
- heel
- cement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 15
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- TXWRERCHRDBNLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N cubane Chemical compound C12C3C4C1C1C4C3C12 TXWRERCHRDBNLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002160 Celluloid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920008347 Cellulose acetate propionate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000218 acetic acid group Chemical group C(C)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KVFIJIWMDBAGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylpyrazine Chemical compound CCC1=CN=CC=N1 KVFIJIWMDBAGDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012261 resinous substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43D—MACHINES, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT OR METHODS FOR MANUFACTURING OR REPAIRING FOOTWEAR
- A43D25/00—Devices for gluing shoe parts
- A43D25/12—Devices for gluing heel-breasts to heels or for gluing coverings on heels
- A43D25/126—Devices for glueing coverings on heels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/06—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory
- B29C61/0608—Making preforms having internal stresses, e.g. plastic memory characterised by the configuration or structure of the preforms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/02—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material
- B29C63/16—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using sheet or web-like material applied by "rubber" bag or diaphragm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/18—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using tubular layers or sheathings
- B29C63/182—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor using tubular layers or sheathings applied by a "rubber" bag or diaphragm
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C63/00—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor
- B29C63/38—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses
- B29C63/42—Lining or sheathing, i.e. applying preformed layers or sheathings of plastics; Apparatus therefor by liberation of internal stresses using tubular layers or sheathings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/48—Wearing apparel
- B29L2031/50—Footwear, e.g. shoes or parts thereof
- B29L2031/502—Heels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/50—Use of fluid pressure in molding
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S264/00—Plastic and nonmetallic article shaping or treating: processes
- Y10S264/71—Processes of shaping by shrinking
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49863—Assembling or joining with prestressing of part
Definitions
- This invention relates to the manufacture of a thin-walled hollow object, to an article having shrunken thereon a thin-walled cover, to a shrinkable cover blank and to a method of applying the blank to the article, and is herein set forth as embodied in a cover blank, a covered heel and a method of applying the cover blank to a heel.
- the cover blanks since they will shrink great- 1y, can be made large so as to be capable of shrinking about articles which differ considerably in size. They will so shrink by normal evaporation of the liquid but in such case will bridge con-' cavities in the surfaces of the articles to be covered. In order to cause them toconiorm to concave surfaces, suction may be employed; and in order to hasten the evaporation, heat may be applied at the same time.
- a cement which is thermoplastic, or one which is boththermcplastic and capable of being activated by the liquid of the gel, may be used if desired.
- the application of heat to activate the cement will also render the shrunken cover more flexible so that it may be pressed against any concave or broken surface which may be present on the article.
- suction is employed or not, there results an article having a shrunken cover attached by cement, said cover being in the form 01' a hard, thin,
- the swollen blanks may-be allowed to dry, heated to render them elastic, expanded while heated, and then set or frozen in their expanded condition, and finally heated once more to cause'them' to shrink.
- Fig. 1 is a perspective of a Cuban heel with a coating of dry cement covering its breast, sides and back, and with a narrow coating along the margin of its heel-attaching face;
- Fig. 2 is a perspective of a swollen cover blank in which the heel of Fig. 1 has been placed;
- Fig. 3 is a perspective of a device for applying suctionto create a partial vacuum in the interior of the cover blank and thereby cause the blank as it shrinks to conform to the shape of the heel, said device also serving to aid in the trimming oil of surplus material of the cover;
- Fig. 4 is a perspective, showing how the device of Fig. 3 is used in the trimming operation
- Fig. 5 is a plan view of the bottom of a heel after the cover has been trimmed
- Fig. 6 is a section of a device for warming the heel and cover to activate a thermoplastic cement and/or to render a hard cover pliable and for pressing the cover against the heel;
- Fig. 7 is an elevation of a shrunken cover blank, the mouth of which has been held open.
- Fig. 8 is an elevation of the same blank after it has been heated and expanded.
- the cover blanks may be made in any suitable manner, for example, by molding various colloidal substances as disclosed and claimed in application Serial No. 250,188, filed January 10, 1939, in my name.
- time of the procedures set forth in said application is as follows. From 10 to 20 parts by weight of a linear macromolecular copolymer consisting of cellulose acetate propionate having a composition by weight of 30.8% acetyl and 12.9% propyl, and from 90 to parts by weight of a mixture of liquids consisting of equal parts by volume of benzol and methanol, are placed in a closed mixing apparatus and maintained for an interval at 200 F. A sol results at this elevated temperature which upon being cooled sets to a swollen gel. This'gel is placed in the hopper of an injection moldin machine, heated to convert it again into a sol and forced into a cool mold.
- a cover blank for a heel said cover blank being in swollen gel form, preferably has the shape shown in Fig. 2, being closed at the bottom and having a large mouth at the top, the portion of the blank below the dot-and-dash line containing substantially all of the blank which is finally shrunk about the heel and which, after certain upper and lower portions have been trimmed off, forms the finished cover.
- the portion of the blank below the dot-and-dash line has dimensions which are roughly proportional to the corresponding dimensions of the heels to be covered, having in mind that the cover blank will shrink greatly and that a single size of blank maybe used for a large number of sizes of heels.
- cement is applied to the desired locality on the heel, and the heel is placed in the cover.
- the cement is applied to a large number of heels in advance and allowed to dry since this procedure obviates the handling of sticky heels by the operator who puts the heels in the cover blanks.
- the cement used is preferably one which will be activated by the liquid in the gel of the cover blank. If the benzol-methanol mixture mentioned above is present in the gel, the dry coat of cement may be, for example, vinyl acetate.
- a heel I00 such as that shown in Fig. 1 having upon its breast, sides, back and heel attaching face a coat of vinyl acetate as shown, is placed in a swollen gelled cover blank II, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
- the upper portion of the cover blank Il may now be gathered about a suction nozzle I3 as shown in Fig. 4, said nozzle being of the particular shape shown, so as to facilitate the subsequent trimming of the cover.
- a partial vacuum is created in the cover blank by suction applied through a pipe I5 to cause the blank, while it is shrinking and is still pliable, to conform to the shape of the heel; and, while the suction is being applied, the blank is preferably exposed for a short interval to an elevated temperature. If the blank is composed of the mixed esters and the liquid mentioned, it may be exposed for about fifteen minutes to a temperature of 300 F. Conveniently, this heating may be accomplished by maintaining the heel during the application of the suction in a heated chamber II, which should be open to the atmosphere, or to a solvent-recovery apparatus, to permit escape of the vapors of the solvent from the chamber.
- the cover blank with the article in it may simply be allowed to stand at room temperature. In such case, however, the time required for the shrinking of the blank will be much longer, ordinarily about one and one-half hours, as compared with fifteen minutes for the procedure wherein heat is employed. Moreover, if no suction is employed, the cover will bridge any recesses in the article, and further procedure will be necessary to cause the cover to conform to the surfaces of such recesses. In the case of the Cuban heel which is illustrated, the breast of the cover will bridge the concave recess in the breast of the heel.
- the dry coat of cement on the surface of the heel may be one which is not only activated by the liquid contained in the gel but is also thermoplastic. Vinyl acetate, for example, will satisfy this requirement.
- the cover When the 75 shrinking of the cover is complete, the cover will be firmly and smoothly attached to the back and sides of the heel by reason of the shrinking of the cover and the fact that the coat of cement on those portions of the heel has been activated by the liquid in the gelled cover and then dried.
- the cover will be smoothly drawn about the sides and back of the heel even though the dry coat of cement on the heel was not itself smooth since the liquid of the gelled cover will have softened the cement, and the shrinking of the cover will have smoothed out all irregularities.
- the breast portion of the cover will be stretched tightly from one breast corner to the other breast corner of the concavely curved breast of the heel.
- the heel with its shrunken cover may now be heated to activate the cement and to make the cover more pliable, after which the breast portion of the cover may be pressed against the breast of the heel.
- the heating and pressing may be carried out conveniently by the use of the apparatus shown in Fig. 6, which consists of a receptacle l9, provided with an inlet pipe 2
- a heel I00 having a cover tightly shrunk about its back and sides and over its tread face and attaching face but bridging the concavity in its breast, is placed in the rubber container; a cover 25 is fastened in place, and hot water under pressure is forced into the receptacle l9 through the pipe 2! to distort the rubber container 23, as shown in the figure, and cause it to press the cover against the heel, the heat serving to soften the thermoplastic cement as well as to increase temporarily the flexibility of the cover.
- the apparatus shown in Fig. 6 may also be used in conjunction with the suction apparatus of Fig. 3.
- an embossed heel it may be that the pressure produced by the creation of a partial vacuum in the cover is not sufiicient to force the cover into intimate contact with the broken surfaces of the heel.
- the heel with its cover may be treated thereafter in the apparatus of Fig. 6.
- the cover After the cover has been caused to fit about the heel, whether the fitting was facilitated by suction or not, a certain amount of surplus material is trimmed from the upper and lower portion of the cover.
- suction is used, as in Fig. 3.
- the nozzle i3 is preferably of the upwardly flaring shape shown, its lower edge serving, as illustrated in Fig. 4, as a guide for a trimming knife 21.
- the surplus material at the top of the cover may be trimmed off without the use of a knife-guide.
- the surplus material at the bottom of the shrunken cover is then trimmed off to have the appearance illustrated in Fig.5.
- the article is placed in the cover blank while said blank is in its swollen gel form in which it contains a large amount of liquid. It may be desired to avoid the use of wet cover blanks during the application of the blanks to the articles.
- the resinous substances from which the blanks are prepared are long molecular chain substances, which are tough and hard at ordinary or normal temperatures and exhibit elastic properties at elevated temperatures
- the swollen blanks may first be permitted to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in their gels, then they may be heated to render them elastic and, while so heated, expanded, then masque upon, being elastic at elevated temperatures, they will once more shrink.
- at the end of a pipe 38 may be Placed 'in the large open end or mouth of a heelcover ll, while the cover blank is in swollen gel form, and the liquid in the gel allowed to evaporate.
- the result will be a dry shrunken cover blank or some such shape as is shown in Fig. 'l, the mouth of the cover blank being held open by the disc.
- the cover blank is then heated and expanded, for example by forcing a heated fluid into it, whereupon it may be caused to assume a shape much like its original shape, as indicated in Fig. 8.
- the blank is then quickly set or frozen in its expanded condition, for example by forcing acool fluid into it.
- the disc is then removed.
- V 2 A heel formed with a concave breast, said heel having extending over and lying smoothly upon its sides, back and concave breast a shrunken endless cover formed in situ from a swollen gel and attached by cement.
- a cover blank in swollen gel form having a closed bottom and an open top, the lower portion of the blank being designed when shrunken to form the finished cover and the upper part of the blank being adapted to be attached to a suction nozzle.
- a cover blank in swollen gel form having a closed bottom and an open top, the lower portion of the blank being designed when shrunken to form the finished cover and having dimensions which are greater than but proportional to the corresponding. dimensions of the article which is to be covered.
- the blank may be subjected to heat or to heat and suction as indicated in Fig. 3, followed by heat and the pressure of a fluid as indicated in Fig. 6, or to any of the treatments described above which involve heat.
- the heat causes the cover blank to shrink; and the pressure, whether due to the creation of a partial vacuum in the blank, as in Fig. 3, or by the forcing of a fluid into a receptacle as in Fig. 6, forces the blank into firm contact with any concavities or broken surfaces which may be present on the heel.
- the trimming oil of the surplus material of the cover then follows in any of the manners which have been described above. It will be understood that when a substantially dry cover blank in shrinkable form is prepared, the heel, or the inside oi the cover blank, may be coated with cement which will firmly attach the shrunken cover to the heel.
- the invention provides a method of making such a shell or hollow article of a particular shape by causing the shrinkable blank to take the shape of aform and removing ,the shrunken blank from the form, in which case, of course, no cement would be used. It is thus possible to make such thin-walled hollow articles asmay be removed from the forms on which they are made.
- a heel having extending over and conformform, applying 'to the article a cement, placing the cover blank on the article, allowing the blank to shrink, and activating the cement during the shrinking oi the blank.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement, allowing the cement to dry, placing the blank on the article, allowing the blank to shrink, and activating the cement.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, appl ing to the article a cement which is capable oi being activated by the liquid of the gel, placing the blank on the article, and allowing the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a thermoplastic cement, placing the blank on the article, permitting the blank to shrink, and warming the cement to activate it.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement which is capable of being activated by the liquid of the gel and by heat, placing the blank'on the article, and thereafter activating the cement.
- the method or covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, placing the blank on the article, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid of the gel, and, during such shrinking, applying suction to cause the blank to conform to the shape of. the article.
- the method or covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, placing the blank on the article. permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation or the liquid to the shape of the article and to hasten the evaporation of the liquid to the gel.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement capable of being activated by the liquid of the gel, allowing the blank to shrink, and, during such shrinking, applying suction to cause the blank to conform to the shape of the article.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement capablepf being activated by the liquid of the gel, allowing the blank to shrink, and, during such shrinking, applying suction and heat to cause the blank to conform to the shape of the article and to hasten the evaporation of the liquid.
- T6 The method of covering an article which comprises placing on the article a cover blank consisting essentially of a swollen gel and having a closed bottom and an open top, creating a partial vacuum, in the blank while allowing it to shrink to a hard firm cover, and trimming oi! the top and bottom of the cover.
- the method of covering an article which comprises providing a shrinkable cover blank having a closed bottom, an open top and a height which is greater than that of the article, putting the article in the blank, placing upon the top of the article a combined nozzle and trimming guide, applying suction to cause the blank to conform to the shape of the sides of the article and the sides of the guide, and subsequently trimming off the surplus material by a cut made around the base of the guide.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank having a closed bottom, an open top and a height which is greater than that of the article to be covered, putting the article in the blank, creating a partial vacuum in the blank during the shrinking of the blank, and thereafter subjecting the blank to heat and pressure to ensure conformation of the blank to an article, such for example as an embossed heel, having a broken surf-ace.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank, the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperatures and at elevated temperatures is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition. placing the expanded blank on the article, and heating it to cause it to shrink.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank, the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperatures and at elevated temperatures is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition, placing the expanded blank on the article, heating it to causeit to shrink, and, during the heating, causing the blank to be pressed against the article.
- the method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank.
- the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperatures and at elevated temperatures is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition, placing the expanded blank on the article, heating it to cause it to shrink, and, during the heating, creating a partial vacuum in the blank to cause the blank to be pressed against the article.
- the method of making a thin-walled hollow article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a hollow blank, placing a form in the blank, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid of the gel, and during such shrinking applying pressure to the blank.
- the method of making a thin-walled hollow article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a hollow blank the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperature and at elevated temperature is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition, placing the expanded blank upon a form, heating it to cause it to shrink and, during the heating, causing the blank to be pressed against the form.
- a hollow blank in swollen gel form having a closed bottom and an open top, the lower portion of the blank being designed when shrunk about a form to result in a thin-walled article having the shape of the form and the upper portion of the blank being adapted to be attached to a suction nozzle.
- the method of covering an article which comprises placing the article in a cover blank which will shrink when heated, with a film of cement between the blank and the article, heating the blank and applying pressure to it.
- the method of covering an article which comprises providing a shrinkable cover blank, placing the article in the blank with a film of thermoplastic cement between them, causing the blank to shrink and at the same time activating the cement.
Description
A ril 1, 1941. A. E. USHAKOFF COVERING ARTICLE Filed March 30, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.2
April 1, 1941'. A USHAKQFF 2,236,552
v COVERING ARTICLE Filed March 30, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 1, 1941 COVERING AB'HM Alexis E. Ulhakofl, Beverly, Mala, assimito United Shoo Machinery Corporation, Borough of Flemlngton, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Application March 30, 1939, Serial No. 264,996
' 28 Claims.
This invention relates to the manufacture of a thin-walled hollow object, to an article having shrunken thereon a thin-walled cover, to a shrinkable cover blank and to a method of applying the blank to the article, and is herein set forth as embodied in a cover blank, a covered heel and a method of applying the cover blank to a heel.
Hitherto a common practice in covering wood heels has been to cut from a sheet of Celluloid a cover of the proper shape, to apply cement to certain localities on the heel, to soften the cover somewhat by treatment with a suitable liquid and then to wrap the cover about the heel. The operator who applies the cover must handle the sticky heels which hampers his speed and may cause transfer of cement from the heels to the display surface of the covers. In any event the operation or covering heels, as hitherto practiced, has been a slow one.
As herein illustrated, the cover blanks are in,
the form oi a swollen gel, said blanks, when placed upon articles such for example as heels, be-= ing adapted to shrink to covers in the form. of strong films which grip the articles. Such cover blanks require no handling by the operator other than to place them upon the articles; and the articles need not be sticky since cement may be applied to them in advance and allowed to dry, the cement chosen being one which will be activated either by the liquid in the gel or by heat, or both by the liquid and by heat.
' The cover blanks, since they will shrink great- 1y, can be made large so as to be capable of shrinking about articles which differ considerably in size. They will so shrink by normal evaporation of the liquid but in such case will bridge con-' cavities in the surfaces of the articles to be covered. In order to cause them toconiorm to concave surfaces, suction may be employed; and in order to hasten the evaporation, heat may be applied at the same time.
A cement which is thermoplastic, or one which is boththermcplastic and capable of being activated by the liquid of the gel, may be used if desired. In either case the application of heat to activate the cement will also render the shrunken cover more flexible so that it may be pressed against any concave or broken surface which may be present on the article. In any event, whether suction is employed or not, there results an article having a shrunken cover attached by cement, said cover being in the form 01' a hard, thin,
strong, smooth-surfaced him.
The above is the so-called "wet method" practicing the invention. Alternatively the swollen blanks may-be allowed to dry, heated to render them elastic, expanded while heated, and then set or frozen in their expanded condition, and finally heated once more to cause'them' to shrink.
Referring to the accompanying drawings- Fig. 1 is a perspective of a Cuban heel with a coating of dry cement covering its breast, sides and back, and with a narrow coating along the margin of its heel-attaching face;
Fig. 2 is a perspective of a swollen cover blank in which the heel of Fig. 1 has been placed;
Fig. 3 is a perspective of a device for applying suctionto create a partial vacuum in the interior of the cover blank and thereby cause the blank as it shrinks to conform to the shape of the heel, said device also serving to aid in the trimming oil of surplus material of the cover;
Fig. 4 is a perspective, showing how the device of Fig. 3 is used in the trimming operation;
Fig. 5 is a plan view of the bottom of a heel after the cover has been trimmed;
Fig. 6 is a section of a device for warming the heel and cover to activate a thermoplastic cement and/or to render a hard cover pliable and for pressing the cover against the heel;
Fig. 7 is an elevation of a shrunken cover blank, the mouth of which has been held open; and
Fig. 8 is an elevation of the same blank after it has been heated and expanded.
The cover blanks may be made in any suitable manner, for example, by molding various colloidal substances as disclosed and claimed in application Serial No. 250,188, filed January 10, 1939, in my name. time of the procedures set forth in said application is as follows. From 10 to 20 parts by weight of a linear macromolecular copolymer consisting of cellulose acetate propionate having a composition by weight of 30.8% acetyl and 12.9% propyl, and from 90 to parts by weight of a mixture of liquids consisting of equal parts by volume of benzol and methanol, are placed in a closed mixing apparatus and maintained for an interval at 200 F. A sol results at this elevated temperature which upon being cooled sets to a swollen gel. This'gel is placed in the hopper of an injection moldin machine, heated to convert it again into a sol and forced into a cool mold.
In the application identified above the particular compound, the method of making and using the compound, and the article made of the compound are claimed. However. the manner in which the ot 5 shrinkable cover blank is made and the particu- 2 2,2se,ss2
lar substance or substances used in its manufacture form no part of the present invention.
A cover blank for a heel, said cover blank being in swollen gel form, preferably has the shape shown in Fig. 2, being closed at the bottom and having a large mouth at the top, the portion of the blank below the dot-and-dash line containing substantially all of the blank which is finally shrunk about the heel and which, after certain upper and lower portions have been trimmed off, forms the finished cover. The portion of the blank below the dot-and-dash line has dimensions which are roughly proportional to the corresponding dimensions of the heels to be covered, having in mind that the cover blank will shrink greatly and that a single size of blank maybe used for a large number of sizes of heels.
In using such a cover blank, cement is applied to the desired locality on the heel, and the heel is placed in the cover. Preferably the cement is applied to a large number of heels in advance and allowed to dry since this procedure obviates the handling of sticky heels by the operator who puts the heels in the cover blanks. The cement used is preferably one which will be activated by the liquid in the gel of the cover blank. If the benzol-methanol mixture mentioned above is present in the gel, the dry coat of cement may be, for example, vinyl acetate. A heel I00, such as that shown in Fig. 1 having upon its breast, sides, back and heel attaching face a coat of vinyl acetate as shown, is placed in a swollen gelled cover blank II, as illustrated in Fig. 2. The upper portion of the cover blank Il may now be gathered about a suction nozzle I3 as shown in Fig. 4, said nozzle being of the particular shape shown, so as to facilitate the subsequent trimming of the cover. A partial vacuum is created in the cover blank by suction applied through a pipe I5 to cause the blank, while it is shrinking and is still pliable, to conform to the shape of the heel; and, while the suction is being applied, the blank is preferably exposed for a short interval to an elevated temperature. If the blank is composed of the mixed esters and the liquid mentioned, it may be exposed for about fifteen minutes to a temperature of 300 F. Conveniently, this heating may be accomplished by maintaining the heel during the application of the suction in a heated chamber II, which should be open to the atmosphere, or to a solvent-recovery apparatus, to permit escape of the vapors of the solvent from the chamber.
Instead of applying suction or suction and heat, the cover blank with the article in it may simply be allowed to stand at room temperature. In such case, however, the time required for the shrinking of the blank will be much longer, ordinarily about one and one-half hours, as compared with fifteen minutes for the procedure wherein heat is employed. Moreover, if no suction is employed, the cover will bridge any recesses in the article, and further procedure will be necessary to cause the cover to conform to the surfaces of such recesses. In the case of the Cuban heel which is illustrated, the breast of the cover will bridge the concave recess in the breast of the heel. In order to cause the breast of the cover to conform to this recess without the application of suction and to be firmly at tached to the breast, the dry coat of cement on the surface of the heel may be one which is not only activated by the liquid contained in the gel but is also thermoplastic. Vinyl acetate, for example, will satisfy this requirement.
When the 75 shrinking of the cover is complete, the cover will be firmly and smoothly attached to the back and sides of the heel by reason of the shrinking of the cover and the fact that the coat of cement on those portions of the heel has been activated by the liquid in the gelled cover and then dried. The cover will be smoothly drawn about the sides and back of the heel even though the dry coat of cement on the heel was not itself smooth since the liquid of the gelled cover will have softened the cement, and the shrinking of the cover will have smoothed out all irregularities. The breast portion of the cover will be stretched tightly from one breast corner to the other breast corner of the concavely curved breast of the heel. The heel with its shrunken cover may now be heated to activate the cement and to make the cover more pliable, after which the breast portion of the cover may be pressed against the breast of the heel.
The heating and pressing may be carried out conveniently by the use of the apparatus shown in Fig. 6, which consists of a receptacle l9, provided with an inlet pipe 2| for a fluid, such as hot water, and having attached to its rim the continuous edge of a flexible rubber container 23 for a heel, the container being open at its top. A heel I00, having a cover tightly shrunk about its back and sides and over its tread face and attaching face but bridging the concavity in its breast, is placed in the rubber container; a cover 25 is fastened in place, and hot water under pressure is forced into the receptacle l9 through the pipe 2! to distort the rubber container 23, as shown in the figure, and cause it to press the cover against the heel, the heat serving to soften the thermoplastic cement as well as to increase temporarily the flexibility of the cover.
The apparatus shown in Fig. 6 may also be used in conjunction with the suction apparatus of Fig. 3. In case, for example, an embossed heel is to be covered, it may be that the pressure produced by the creation of a partial vacuum in the cover is not sufiicient to force the cover into intimate contact with the broken surfaces of the heel. In such case, the heel with its cover may be treated thereafter in the apparatus of Fig. 6.
After the cover has been caused to fit about the heel, whether the fitting was facilitated by suction or not, a certain amount of surplus material is trimmed from the upper and lower portion of the cover. If suction is used, as in Fig. 3. the nozzle i3 is preferably of the upwardly flaring shape shown, its lower edge serving, as illustrated in Fig. 4, as a guide for a trimming knife 21. If neither suction nor a member such as I3 is used, the surplus material at the top of the cover may be trimmed off without the use of a knife-guide. The surplus material at the bottom of the shrunken cover is then trimmed off to have the appearance illustrated in Fig.5.
As described above, the article is placed in the cover blank while said blank is in its swollen gel form in which it contains a large amount of liquid. It may be desired to avoid the use of wet cover blanks during the application of the blanks to the articles. Inasmuch as the resinous substances from which the blanks are prepared are long molecular chain substances, which are tough and hard at ordinary or normal temperatures and exhibit elastic properties at elevated temperatures, the swollen blanks may first be permitted to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in their gels, then they may be heated to render them elastic and, while so heated, expanded, then masque upon, being elastic at elevated temperatures, they will once more shrink. When this dry method is to be employed, I prefer to use, instead of the copolymer of cellulose acetate pnopionate referred to above, one of the other copclymers described in my prior application, for example, the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate which exhibits greater elasticity at elevated temperatures.
In carrying out this dry method (Figs. 7 and 8) a disc 3| at the end of a pipe 38 may be Placed 'in the large open end or mouth of a heelcover ll, while the cover blank is in swollen gel form, and the liquid in the gel allowed to evaporate. The result will be a dry shrunken cover blank or some such shape as is shown in Fig. 'l, the mouth of the cover blank being held open by the disc. The cover blank is then heated and expanded, for example by forcing a heated fluid into it, whereupon it may be caused to assume a shape much like its original shape, as indicated in Fig. 8. The blank is then quickly set or frozen in its expanded condition, for example by forcing acool fluid into it. The disc is then removed.
ing exactly toits sides and back a shrunken seamless cover formed in situ from a swollen gel.
V 2. A heel formed with a concave breast, said heel having extending over and lying smoothly upon its sides, back and concave breast a shrunken endless cover formed in situ from a swollen gel and attached by cement.
3. A cover blank in swollen gel form having a closed bottom and an open top, the lower portion of the blank being designed when shrunken to form the finished cover and the upper part of the blank being adapted to be attached to a suction nozzle.
4. A cover blank in swollen gel form having a closed bottom and an open top, the lower portion of the blank being designed when shrunken to form the finished cover and having dimensions which are greater than but proportional to the corresponding. dimensions of the article which is to be covered.
5. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel The heel to be covered is placed in the blank,
and the blank may be subjected to heat or to heat and suction as indicated in Fig. 3, followed by heat and the pressure of a fluid as indicated in Fig. 6, or to any of the treatments described above which involve heat. The heat causes the cover blank to shrink; and the pressure, whether due to the creation of a partial vacuum in the blank, as in Fig. 3, or by the forcing of a fluid into a receptacle as in Fig. 6, forces the blank into firm contact with any concavities or broken surfaces which may be present on the heel. The trimming oil of the surplus material of the cover then follows in any of the manners which have been described above. It will be understood that when a substantially dry cover blank in shrinkable form is prepared, the heel, or the inside oi the cover blank, may be coated with cement which will firmly attach the shrunken cover to the heel.
It should also be understood that, although i the invention has been described in connection with providing an object. such as a heel with a permanent cover in the form of a thin-walled shell or hollow article, the invention provides a method of making such a shell or hollow article of a particular shape by causing the shrinkable blank to take the shape of aform and removing ,the shrunken blank from the form, in which case, of course, no cement would be used. It is thus possible to make such thin-walled hollow articles asmay be removed from the forms on which they are made.
Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1., A heel having extending over and conformform, applying 'to the article a cement, placing the cover blank on the article, allowing the blank to shrink, and activating the cement during the shrinking oi the blank.
' 6. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement, allowing the cement to dry, placing the blank on the article, allowing the blank to shrink, and activating the cement.
7. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, appl ing to the article a cement which is capable oi being activated by the liquid of the gel, placing the blank on the article, and allowing the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid.
8. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel,
form, applying to the article a cement which is capable of. being activated by the liquid of the gel, permitting the cement to dry, placing the blank on the article, and allowing the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid.
9. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a thermoplastic cement, placing the blank on the article, permitting the blank to shrink, and warming the cement to activate it.
10. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement which is capable of being activated by the liquid of the gel and by heat, placing the blank'on the article, and thereafter activating the cement.
11. The method or covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, placing the blank on the article, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid of the gel, and, during such shrinking, applying suction to cause the blank to conform to the shape of. the article.
12. The method of covering an article which comprises preparins a cover blank in swollen gel form. placing the blank on the article, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, and applying suction and heat.
13. The method or covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, placing the blank on the article. permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation or the liquid to the shape of the article and to hasten the evaporation of the liquid to the gel.
14. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement capable of being activated by the liquid of the gel, allowing the blank to shrink, and, during such shrinking, applying suction to cause the blank to conform to the shape of the article.
15. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing a cover blank in swollen gel form, applying to the article a cement capablepf being activated by the liquid of the gel, allowing the blank to shrink, and, during such shrinking, applying suction and heat to cause the blank to conform to the shape of the article and to hasten the evaporation of the liquid.
T6. The method of covering an article which comprises placing on the article a cover blank consisting essentially of a swollen gel and having a closed bottom and an open top, creating a partial vacuum, in the blank while allowing it to shrink to a hard firm cover, and trimming oi! the top and bottom of the cover.
17. The method of covering an article which comprises providing a shrinkable cover blank having a closed bottom, an open top and a height which is greater than that of the article, putting the article in the blank, placing upon the top of the article a combined nozzle and trimming guide, applying suction to cause the blank to conform to the shape of the sides of the article and the sides of the guide, and subsequently trimming off the surplus material by a cut made around the base of the guide.
18. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank having a closed bottom, an open top and a height which is greater than that of the article to be covered, putting the article in the blank, creating a partial vacuum in the blank during the shrinking of the blank, and thereafter subjecting the blank to heat and pressure to ensure conformation of the blank to an article, such for example as an embossed heel, having a broken surf-ace.
19. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank, the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperatures and at elevated temperatures is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition. placing the expanded blank on the article, and heating it to cause it to shrink.
20. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank, the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperatures and at elevated temperatures is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition, placing the expanded blank on the article, heating it to causeit to shrink, and, during the heating, causing the blank to be pressed against the article.
21. The method of covering an article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a cover blank. the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperatures and at elevated temperatures is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition, placing the expanded blank on the article, heating it to cause it to shrink, and, during the heating, creating a partial vacuum in the blank to cause the blank to be pressed against the article.
22. The method of making a thin-walled hollow article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a hollow blank, placing a form in the blank, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid of the gel, and during such shrinking applying pressure to the blank.
23. The method of making a thin-walled hollow article which comprises preparing in swollen gel form a hollow blank the solid substance of which when dry is hard and tough at ordinary temperature and at elevated temperature is elastic, permitting the blank to shrink by evaporation of the liquid in the gel, heating and stretching the blank to expand it, lowering the temperature of the blank to freeze it in its expanded condition, placing the expanded blank upon a form, heating it to cause it to shrink and, during the heating, causing the blank to be pressed against the form.
24. A hollow blank in swollen gel form having a closed bottom and an open top, the lower portion of the blank being designed when shrunk about a form to result in a thin-walled article having the shape of the form and the upper portion of the blank being adapted to be attached to a suction nozzle.
25. The method of covering an article which comprises placing a cover blank in shrinkable form upon the article with a film oi cement between them, causing the blank to shrink and at the same time exerting pressure upon the blank.
26. The method of covering an article which comprises placing the article in a cover blank which will shrink when heated, with a film of cement between the blank and the article, heating the blank and applying pressure to it.
27. The method of covering an article which comprises providing a shrinkable cover blank, placing the article in the blank with a film ,of cement between them, causing the blank to shrink and at the same time activating the cement.
28. The method of covering an article which comprises providing a shrinkable cover blank, placing the article in the blank with a film of thermoplastic cement between them, causing the blank to shrink and at the same time activating the cement.
ALEXIS E. USHAKOFF.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US264996A US2236552A (en) | 1939-03-30 | 1939-03-30 | Covering article |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US264996A US2236552A (en) | 1939-03-30 | 1939-03-30 | Covering article |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US2236552A true US2236552A (en) | 1941-04-01 |
Family
ID=23008518
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US264996A Expired - Lifetime US2236552A (en) | 1939-03-30 | 1939-03-30 | Covering article |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US2236552A (en) |
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2439716A (en) * | 1944-01-27 | 1948-04-13 | Plax Corp | Process of forming hollow articles from oriented polymer |
US2441140A (en) * | 1944-03-23 | 1948-05-11 | Chrysler Corp | Power transmission mechanism |
US2456093A (en) * | 1943-03-24 | 1948-12-14 | Shellmar Products Corp | Method of polymerization |
US2565316A (en) * | 1946-08-17 | 1951-08-21 | Gen Electric | Method of using dilatable sealing elements |
US2645818A (en) * | 1945-05-03 | 1953-07-21 | Novacel Soc | Method of making retractile articles |
US2731654A (en) * | 1953-11-23 | 1956-01-24 | Brode Milling Co Inc Van | Method of covering articles |
US2774993A (en) * | 1952-12-30 | 1956-12-25 | Hagen Reinold | Process for making grips for handles of pliers and similar handles |
US2781077A (en) * | 1953-09-09 | 1957-02-12 | Nixon Nitration Works | Method for vacuum forming ductile material |
US2781078A (en) * | 1953-09-09 | 1957-02-12 | Nixon Nitration Works | Apparatus for vacuum forming ductile material |
US2790285A (en) * | 1953-07-27 | 1957-04-30 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Secondary closures |
US2821155A (en) * | 1953-12-11 | 1958-01-28 | Richard A Fisch | Process of applying protective coatings |
US2863132A (en) * | 1944-10-28 | 1958-12-02 | Amp Inc | Electrical connector with insulated ferrule |
US2974400A (en) * | 1952-03-11 | 1961-03-14 | Frank J Sowa | Method of making an insulated electrical connector |
US2983305A (en) * | 1959-01-12 | 1961-05-09 | Nat Plastic Products Co | Bonding panels to base surfaces |
US2998052A (en) * | 1958-06-20 | 1961-08-29 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Apparatus for applying leaves of electron emissive material to metallic cathode bases |
US3125774A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | Schmitt | ||
US3258861A (en) * | 1962-07-31 | 1966-07-05 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Polyurethane footwear heels |
US5318647A (en) * | 1990-05-09 | 1994-06-07 | Kelly M. Mitchell | Method of pneumatically edge wrapping a substrate |
US6306237B1 (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 2001-10-23 | Roy D. Wemyss | Lamination of surfaces using pressurized liquid |
-
1939
- 1939-03-30 US US264996A patent/US2236552A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3125774A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | Schmitt | ||
US2456093A (en) * | 1943-03-24 | 1948-12-14 | Shellmar Products Corp | Method of polymerization |
US2439716A (en) * | 1944-01-27 | 1948-04-13 | Plax Corp | Process of forming hollow articles from oriented polymer |
US2441140A (en) * | 1944-03-23 | 1948-05-11 | Chrysler Corp | Power transmission mechanism |
US2863132A (en) * | 1944-10-28 | 1958-12-02 | Amp Inc | Electrical connector with insulated ferrule |
US2645818A (en) * | 1945-05-03 | 1953-07-21 | Novacel Soc | Method of making retractile articles |
US2565316A (en) * | 1946-08-17 | 1951-08-21 | Gen Electric | Method of using dilatable sealing elements |
US2974400A (en) * | 1952-03-11 | 1961-03-14 | Frank J Sowa | Method of making an insulated electrical connector |
US2774993A (en) * | 1952-12-30 | 1956-12-25 | Hagen Reinold | Process for making grips for handles of pliers and similar handles |
US2790285A (en) * | 1953-07-27 | 1957-04-30 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Secondary closures |
US2781078A (en) * | 1953-09-09 | 1957-02-12 | Nixon Nitration Works | Apparatus for vacuum forming ductile material |
US2781077A (en) * | 1953-09-09 | 1957-02-12 | Nixon Nitration Works | Method for vacuum forming ductile material |
US2731654A (en) * | 1953-11-23 | 1956-01-24 | Brode Milling Co Inc Van | Method of covering articles |
US2821155A (en) * | 1953-12-11 | 1958-01-28 | Richard A Fisch | Process of applying protective coatings |
US2998052A (en) * | 1958-06-20 | 1961-08-29 | Sylvania Electric Prod | Apparatus for applying leaves of electron emissive material to metallic cathode bases |
US2983305A (en) * | 1959-01-12 | 1961-05-09 | Nat Plastic Products Co | Bonding panels to base surfaces |
US3258861A (en) * | 1962-07-31 | 1966-07-05 | United Shoe Machinery Corp | Polyurethane footwear heels |
US5318647A (en) * | 1990-05-09 | 1994-06-07 | Kelly M. Mitchell | Method of pneumatically edge wrapping a substrate |
US6306237B1 (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 2001-10-23 | Roy D. Wemyss | Lamination of surfaces using pressurized liquid |
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